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c_???~?~?~?~?~?~?~?~????c?~???????```Gr@px;xsxcxap``@@@@@@@@@@@@|||Gs~g<xpppxx|~?```px|cxGt @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AAAAAAAc~Gu AAA@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?@?@`p_ppGvp?`p?`p?`@``ppx<x8|x|p|p~p~``?@?@Gw+)q@q@q@@`<`8p@xp?@px?`px;``x{``|sq`|qq@~a{@`{@?@??>>Gxp?`p?`p?``p<xx|p~p`@?@`?p{psxa|`~@?pppGy p?`p?`p?`@``ppx<x8x8|x|p~p~``?@?@><8x~p?`@Gzpp``<@x`|p@>xx>@p|`x>G> }`x>@p|`x>>x`|p@>x`G1 }~``G2@?ppx`<```8p`@ ?xxxU2  O2  w L 0A0 :A0 l  OLam}bdaR!Net}w}orkingGuide~  8FO WithRelease4Net~w~orkingReleaseNotes~ 8 laO Part3343-0000(Rev10)-12August1988~ l~ l  A0 A02 2 2  wGigaMosSystems,Inc. lA y* wR%675Massac~husettsAv~enue lA y  wCambridge,MA02139 lA y " wUSA2 w2 w2 w [[U2  O2  w $5O This manRual was written by Keith Corbett.Information was provided by Peter DeW|olf,2 $ Z5whoimplemenRtedthenewnetworkingsystem.$Editorialassistancewasprovidedby2 Z 5DavidSaslav.2  5TheinformationinthismanRualiscurrentasof12August1988forLambdaLISP2  85Softw~areRelease4.2 8 d53COM UOtmx d>O isatrademarkof3COM,Inc.2 d 5Ethernet Otm' >O isatrademarkofXeroxCorp.2  G5Excelan 8Otm G>O isatrademarkofExcelan,Inc.2 G y5ExtendedSTREAMSIn~terface jOtm y>O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 y +5LMILambda Otm +>O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 + ]5LMILambda/Plus NOtm ]>O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 ] 5LMILambda/2OO 2 Otms >O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2  @5LMILambda/2OO 2/Plus 1Otmk @>O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 @ r5LMILambda/3OO 3 cOtms r>O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 r $5UNIX Otmi $>O isatrademarkofAmericanTR|elephone&Telegraph.2 $ V5V{AX GOtmR V>O isatrademarkofDigitalEquipmen~tCorporation.2 V 5VMS yOtmV >O isatrademarkofDigitalEquipmentCorporation.2  95ZetaLISP-Plus *Otm& 9>O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 9 $5CommenRtsonthismanual,andonGigaMosdocumentationingeneral,shouldbead-2 $ Z5dressedto:2 Z GigaMosSystems,Inc.2  8675Mass.Ave.2 8 iCambridge,MA021392 i 0A~ttn:Documen~tation2  T5F{ormattedwithBoTx _E- TXv~ersion1.23of29October1987on12August1988.2 T5 AS wCop~yrigh~t ucA wA wA wO A wA wA wA wJO 1988GigaMosSystems,Inc.g w2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuidek12 O2 O2  w  |lO12 | R|In~troduction2 R2  aO ThismanRualdocumentstheLambdaLISPmachinenetworkingsoftwarethatis2  5adistributedwithRelease4.0oftheZetaLISP-Plus &OtmT 5>O systemsoftw~are. &O1x 52 5 'aO BeforereadingthismanRual,reviewtheOLambda4.0LISPReleaseNotesO ,which2 ' ]adocumenRtsnewfeaturesoftheRelease4software.Thatmanualalsodocuments2 ] atheprocedureforinstallingRelease4.2  YKO1.1*Net~w}orkingReleaseNotes2 Y2 Y KaO PRartIofthismanual,entitledO Net~workingReleaseNotesO ,describeschanges2 K atothenetworkingRsoft~wareintermsofO functionalityO ,O installationO ,O c~on gur}ationO ,2  7aandRO op}er}atingpr}o}c~e~dur~esO .Thefollowingchaptersareincluded:2 7 O&O2 OYO SummaryofMajorChanges[ChapterO2O ]2 O &O2 YO InstallationProcedure[ChapterO3O ]2  m&O2 mYO UpgradingtoRelease4[ChapterO4O ]2 m <&O2 <YO ChangestoOpReratingProcedures[ChapterO5O ]2 < &O2 YO ChangestoTCP/IPApplications[ChapterO6O ]2 Z&O2 ZYO KnownBugsandLimitations[ChapterO7O ]2 Z XaPriortoinstallingRelease4,theLam~bdasystemmanagershouldreviewthe2 X ainformationcon~tainedinthissection.2 K WAX wS hO1} w} wO HereafterreferredtosimplyasO R}ele}ase4} w2 w [[U2  O5O 2kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w xK A> y pA _~# O Note:'O T|oproRvideproperlyfunctioningnetworkingsoftware,you(orthe  =LamRbdasystemmanageratyoursite)OmustO readthismanualcarefullyand = sperformtherequiredsite lecon gurationandinstallation. s eThephrase\site les,"usedfrequenRtlyinthismanual,referstothestatic e netw~orkcon gurationinformationthatisenRteredin leslocatedinyour  QO "O SYS:SITE;O "O directory{. Q p,A _~# } p xA> y2 x2 x 55O1.2*Net~w}orkingGuide2 52 5 'KO PRartIIofthismanual,entitledO Net~w~orkingGuideO ,providescomprehensive2 ' ]KdocumenRtationonLISPnetworkingsoftware. ThechaptersinPartIIinclude2 ] KnewinformationaswRellasinformationgatheredfromearliermanuals:2   O2  CO SystemArchitecture[ChapterO8O ]2  dO2 dCO Con gurationProcedures[ChapterO9O ]2 d )O2 )CO OperatingRProcedures[ChapterO10O ]2 ) mO2 mCO GenericRNetw~orkingApplications[ChapterO11O ]2 m 1O2 1CO TCP/IPApplications[ChapterO12O ]2 1 vO2 vCO ChaosnetServices[ChapterO13O ]2 v :O2 :CO Net~workProgrammingT{opics[ChapterO14O ]2 : 9KExperiencedRLambdasystemmanagersma~ybeabletomakethenecessarycon-2 9 oK gurationchangesafterreadingthereleasenotes.*Others(includingsystem2 o %KmanagerswithnewLambdasystems)shouldreadChapter9,O Con guration2 % [KProceduresO ,whicRhdocumentsthecon gurationprocess.2 [ MKUsersofpreviousreleasesshouldreadChapter5,O ChangestoOperating2 M KProceduresO forinformationonfunctionalitRythathaschanged.Completeop-2  9Keratinginformationispro~videdinChapter10,RO OperatingProceduresO ,and2 9 oKsubsequen~tchapters.2 o 55O1.3*Appendices2 52 5 'KO PRartIIIofthismanualcontainssupplementarymaterialonv~arioustopics.2 ' KAppRendixA,O Host/SystemT~ypesO ,documenRtsthecurrentlysupportednet-2  OKwRorkhosttypes.'Eachhost avorislisted,alongwithitsrelatedattributes2 O K(sucRhasthekeywordsthatdetermineahost'smachineandsystemtype).2  wKAppRendixB,O UnixComm~unicationsO ,documentsselectedfeaturesoftheLMI2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuidek32 O2 O2  w @aSystem 5 Unix Chaosnet soft~ware,which is proRvided with Lambda-Plus systems.2 @2 w [[U2  O5O 4kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OO 52 O2 O2  w dVOP}art'I2 d n;ONet}w~orking!Release!Notes2 n2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 6kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuidek72 O2 O2  w  slO22 s ISSummary!of!Major!Changes2 I2  aO Lam~bRda computer systems support LAN (Local Area Netw~ork)comm~unications2  5abRy means of two di erent Ethernet &Otmw 5:O software protocols:TCP/IP and Chaosnet.2 5 'aWithRelease4,theLamRbdanetworkingsoftwarehasundergoneasubstantial2 ' ]aov~erhaul.TheRo~v~erallarchitecturehasbeenradicallyaltered,baseduponanew2 ] afunctionalrelationshipbet~weenthehardwRareinterfacesandLISPprocessors.2  IaTheRlo~w-leveldrivers(boardin~terfaces)ha~v~ebeenrev}amped,andthein~ter-2 I amediateprotoRcolla~y~ersarenowalmostcompletelydevice-independen~t.These2  5acRhangesresultinsigni cantimprovementsinperformanceandreliability{.2 5 'aFigure 1,Rpage8,depictsthe functional relationshipsbRetw~eencomponen~ts ofthe2 ' ]acommunicationsRarc~hitectureinthe\old"and\new"sc~hemes.2 ] OaNomajornewrestrictionshavebReenimposedbRythenewarchitecture,andno2 O ahardwaremoRdi cationsarerequired.Asbefore,theLam~bdasystemasawhole2  ;acansuppRortuptotw~oboards,oneofeacRhtype:!3COMandExcelan.(Two2 ; pabRoardsofthesamekindcannotbecomRbinedwithinoneLambdachassis.2 p baInpreviousreleases,eacRhnetworkprotocolwasimplementedwithadi erent2 b ahardwareRin~terface:a3COMboardw~asrequiredforChaosnet,andanExcelan2  NaboardwRasrequiredforTCP/IP|.OnLambdasystemswithmultipleLISPpro-2 N acessors,the rstproRcessortobootallocatedtheEthernetboard(s)andserv~ed2  :aasthefronRt-endforotherprocessorsonthebus.Givenaheavyloadofnetwork2 : patrac,thisresultedinnoticeableperformancedegradation.2 p baIn Release 4,bRotht~ypesofhardwRareinterfacesuppRortboth TCPOandO Chaosnet.2 b aThissigni canRtchangeresultsinimprovementsoverRelease3evenforsystems2  NawithasinglehardwRareinterface,sincetheLISPsoftwaremaynowuseeither2 N aprotocol.2  vaAs bRefore,if only one interface board is aRv~ailable, all Lambdas in the system may2 v2 w [[U2  O5O 8kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS VSln 1k@`@A`pCp0p`F8` `` p`|a|>s@@{_xC|8qC0`G`A`A`A A AcGxwoM`xx0p?@8pa@00@``@````a`AqAC?ap{@~gC>Lxx`xxL ~A>xxx` ?`<p 8  qp80?p00?@0`00`00@``A``Cppxx{`}`aab@p@<BG|dxDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@D@@@D@@`@DXADDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDx~ DDDDDDDDDDDDa0DD8DDyXDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDp0DDpDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDL1xCN0`fO0`fDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@DDADO@A`AD@`ACpD@D@DDDDDDDDDDDD@DDD@@DDD@@DDD@@DDD@@DDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDD    xDDDDDDDDDDDDcx 3       cx333 3cDDDDDDDDDD0DDaDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD0DDp0DDp0DDp0DD_DD@DD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDM0`{Brhz/>p$ Hdp>sg" 6sO*" h"{{xpp"q" >z" " 1 aAG2{`(*'&p "O"x 0`@a0`@ ```````````yo"""!h @`0 @`{@" #@"zUUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUU@*** UUUA*** UUU@***!UUU@ 0`0@!#fLX0pg@|UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****@h88#D$ $)H)H*UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUz***%UUU****EUUUJ***EUUU@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*0 ****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU*U`* U*1UR* DU*AA`0@@ @`c ?0p****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUCkb$H !"""** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** *** UUU@***,UUUG*** UUU@*** UUU@*** UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUH*HL!L@`iUUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUJ***UUU ***EUUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUU@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@UJ$*? 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 ```p 8       p `~`~?paa`a?p`nq````8`x`X``pxxxp~caac~lffcca ` `p p  x xx x  x xp pp?x?aaa=`pc`cax?=p 3ccT [#O Figure1.O Comparison,Release3vs.Release4g [ wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuidek92 O2 O2  w @astillaccessthenet~work.WhentheLISPproRcessorsbootup,asystemwitha2 @ vasingle bRoard will con gure itself such that the rst processor to boot con~trols the2 v ,abRoard.TheotherLISPprocessor(s)willusetheExtendedStreamsInterface Otm# ,2 , baO toaccessthenetw~orkthroughtheprocessorconRtrollingthehardware.2 b TaAsaresultofthenewdevice-independenRtscheme,twoLISPprocessorsonthe2 T  asamecRhassiscaneachcontroltheirownhardwareinterface.Thisleadstoim-2  @aprovedperformanceandreliabilitRy|,sinceinter-processorcommunicationsisre-2 @ vaducedtoaminim~um.2 v haTheorderinwhichLISPproRcessorsbootupisnotimportant,butforconsis-2 h atency{,the rstproRcessortobootupwillallocatethe3COMboard(ifpresen~t),2  TathesecondwillalloRcatetheExcelanboard(ifpresen~t).!Anyotherprocessors2 T  a(sucRhasUnixorathirdLambda)willusetheExtendedStreamsInterfaceto2  @aaccessthenetw~orkthroughtheproRcessorcontrollingthe3COMboard.2 @ 2aNote,Rho~wev~er,thatRanytimeaLambda-PlusUnixprocessorboots rst(i.e.,2 2 habReforetheLISPprocessors),itwillallocatethe3COM(ifa~v}ailable)toitself2 h afordirectChaosnetaccess.Thisbootordercausesaproblemina3COM-only2  Tacon guration:ChaosnetworksbRecause theLISPprocessor(s)canandwillroute2 T  aChaosnetRpacketstotheUnixprocessor,butO TCP/IPwillfailO becausetheUnix2  @aChaosnetRsoftw~arecannothandleTCP/IPpackets.2 @ 2aF{orthisreasonitisgenerallyrecommendedthatallproRcessorsbebootedin2 2 hasequence(atleastoninitialpower-up)withtheSDUcommandO newboot-aO .2 h aThisisnotanewrestriction.2  }a `A> y tA }m SO IMPOR{T{ANTNOTE:O Itisnotadvisabletobootm~ultiplehostswithin S  thesamecRhassisondi erentreleases."Problemsarise,Rforexample,dueto  ?incompatiblehandlingofinRter-processorcommunicationsandIProuting. ? 1SomeproblemsmaRyevenoccurusingTCP/IPtocommunicatebetweenRe- 1 glease 3 and Release 4 hosts on the same net~work.See Section 7.2 for a detailed g explanation of the restrictions on compatibilitRy between Release 3 and Release  S4TCP/IP|. S t,A }m t }A> y2 }2 }2 w [[U2  O5O 10RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR112 O2 O2  w  |lO32 | RRInstallation!Procedure2 R2  JKO3.1*Soft~w~areInstallation2 J2 J <aO TheRelease4net~workingRsoft~wareisloadedinthedistributionbandanddoes2 < ranotrequireaseparateinstallationorenablingprocedure.2 r @KO3.1.1#InstallingSourcesandOptions2 @2 @ 2aO TheRnet~workingsoft~waresourcedirectoryO "O SYS:NETWORK;O "O isprovidedwith2 2 hatheO\Release4SourcesT|ape"O .2 h ZaTheSiteEditorutilitRyisprovidedontheO\Release4OptionsT{ape"O .2 Z LaSeetheOLambda4.0LISPReleaseNotesO forinformationoninstallingRelease42 L asourcesandoptions.2  OKO3.1.2#UpgradingTCP-onlyLam~bdas2 O2 O AaO ThemostdirectwaytoupgradeeacRhLambdaatyoursiteistorestorethe2 A waO\Release4Band/MicrocodeRT|ape"O oneac~hsystem.ButtoupgradeaLam~bda2 w -athatdoResnothaveatapedrivRe,youmustusethenetwork.2 - aSystemmanagersupgradingtoRelease4onLamRbdaswhichcontainonlythe2  UaExcelanhardwRareinterfaceshouldseeSection7.2.4,DISKServer,forinfor-2 U amationoncommRunicatingbetweenRelease3andRelease4DISKservers.The2 AaspecialR proceduredocumentedinthatsectionisrequiredinordertouseTCP/IP2 A watocopRypartitionsbetweenaRelease3LambdaandaRelease4Lambda.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 12RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KTheproRcedurebeloRwisathirdalternative;itwillworkonlyifthesystemhost2 @ vKcon~tainsanExcelanbRoardandatapedriv~e.2 v ~1.2 CSa~veaRelease4bandonthesystemhostwithupdatedsite les.2  L~2.2 LCRebootthesystemhostonRelease3.2 L ~3.2 CRunO si:copRy-disk-partitionO andcopytheupdatedRelease4bandfromthe2  HCsystemhosttoeacRhLambdarunningRelease3TCP/IP|.2 H2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR132 O2 O2  w  slO42 s I&Upgrading!to!Release!42 I2  aO ThiscRhapterisintendedforsystemmanagersupgradingfromLambdaRelease2  5a3R softwaretoRelease4.Itexplainsc~hangestositecon gurationparametersand2 5 kaprocedures.2 k ]aAfterreviewingthematerialinthischapter,RseeChapter9,O Con guration2 ] aProceduresO ,fordocumenRtationonthenetworkcon gurationprocedures.2  YKO4.1*NamingHosts:$TheP~ac}kName2 Y2 Y KaO LamRbda hosts nd their own name at system startup in the disk pack label.With2 K aRelease 4,R for Lambda-Plus con gurations,it is also necessary to specify the host2  7anameoftheattacRhedUnixprocessor.TheUnixhostnamemustbeprovidedso2 7 mathattheLISPprocessorscandeterminetheaddressroutinginformationforthe2 m #aattac~hedUnixhost.2 # aAsdocumenRtedintheOLambda4.0LISPReleaseNotesO ,youshouldsetthe2  KapacRknameforeachLambdasystemduringtheRelease4installation.Runthe2 K afunctionO si:set-pack-nameO (seepage39)oneacRhchassistospecifythenamesof2  7aeacRhhost.TheUnixhostnamemustbesuppliedasthelasthostnameinthe2 7 mapac~kname.2 m2 w [[U2  O5O 14RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w P ,KHerearet~woexamples,illustratinghoRwtosetthepacknameofaLambda-Plus2 , bKandaLambda-2x2-Plus:2 b %O ;;Lambda-Plus2  q%(si:set-pack-name"LAM-AUNIX-A")2 q U%;;Lambda-2x2-Plus2 U 9%(si:set-pack-name"LAM-ALAM-BUNIX-A")2 92 P  5O4.2*SiteCon gurationChanges2  2  KO SomecRhangestoyourcurrentLambdasite lesmayberequiredforthenew2  5Krelease.ThesecRhangesmaynotbedownward-compatible;inotherwords,site2 5 kK lesmoRdi edforRelease4shouldnotbeusedorloadedinaRelease3LISP2 k !Kworld.2 ! KIfyRoursiteusedTCP/IPunderapreviousrelease,youwillde nitelyhaveto2  IKassignuniqueInRternetaddressestoLambdahostsonmulti-processorsystems2 I K(sucRhas2x2s).SeebelowforinformationonmodifyingInternetaddressesfor2  5KRelease4.2 5 'KMostChaosnet-onlyinstallationswillnotrequireupdatedsite les.Nev~erthe-2 ' ]Kless,wRerecommendrecompilingRelease3site lesbeforeloadingtheminto2 ] KRelease4. SitesthatwRerepreviouslyChaosnet-onlymaywishtotakeadv}an-2  IKtageoftheTCP/IPcapabilitRythatcomeswithRelease4,thusrequiringsite le2 I Kchanges.2  pKThe site le directory is assigned the logical pathname O "O SYS:SITE;O "O .The source2 p &Ksite lesare:2 & 5O2 5CO SYS:SITE;SYS.TRANSLA|TIONS2 5 |O2 |CO SYS:SITE;HOSTS.TEXT2 | CO2 CCO SYS:SITE;SITE.LISP2 C O2 CO SYS:SITE;LMLOCS.LISP2 KThe cRhangesdocumentedbelow are all changestoentries in one ormore ofthese2  >K les.2 >2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR152 O2 O2  w @KO4.2.1#LogicalT{ranslations2 @2 @ 2aO IfyRouplantorestoreRelease4softwareoptionsand/orsources,youwillneed2 2 hatomakReachangeinthe leO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O .2 h ZaWithevRery major Lambdasoftware release,a newO sour}c}edir~e}ctory O is established2 Z a(see Figure 2, page 15).The source directory is a top-levRel directory below which2  FatheLamRbdasystemsourcehierarchyresides.2 F NK  AS @wORelease} @} @eDirectory} @} @} @ AS ZwO 2.0} Z} ZeO "O QL;O "} Z} Z} Z wO 3.0} } eO "O RELEASE-3;O "} } }  FwO 4.0} F} FeO "O RELEASE-4;O "} F} F} F 2}O Figure2.O MajorLambRdareleases-Sourcedirectorylocations} 2 NAS2 N waRelease4sourcesareloRcatedintheO "O RELEASE-4;O "O directory|.Y{oumustmodify2 w -ayRourO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O letore ectthischangebysubstitutingalloc-2 - cacurrencesof\RELEASE-3"with\RELEASE-4".SeeFigure3,Rpage16,foran2 c aexampleofaRelease3andmodi edRelease4O "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O le.2   aIfyRouwerepreviouslyusingthedefaultsite ledirectoryO "O CUSTOMER-SITE;O "O ,2  AayRoushouldtakethisopportunitytoestablishanewsite ledirectorythatisnot2 A waassoRciatedwiththeLambdasourcehierarc~hy|.2 w iaF{orexample:2 i ;O (fs:copy-directory"myhost:release-3.customer-site;*.*#>"2  G,"myhost:our-site;")2 G EaO Edit the copied O "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO " O le to modify the de nitions of O "O SYS:SITE;O "2 E {aO andO "O SYS:CHAROS;O "O tore ectthenewlocationofyoursite les.2 { ?KO4.2.2#HostAddresses2 ?2 ? 1aO In previous releases,allhosts within one LamRbdachassis were assigned thesame2 1 gaIn~ternetaddress.InRelease4,2 g w&O2 wYO EachRLambdaLISPhostmustha~v~eauniqueInternetaddress2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 16RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS zOExampleofSYS.TRANSLA|TIONS:O Release3g z &pO ;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Base:10;Readtable:ZL-*-g &  p(FS:SET-LOGICAL-PATHNAME-HOSTg  ;$"SYS"g ; m$:PHYSICAL-HOST"MYHOST"g m $:TRANSLATIONSg  Q$'(("CHAOS;""RELEASE-3.CUSTOMER-SITE;")g Q Y("SITE;"4"RELEASE-3.CUSTOMER-SITE;")g  4Y("*;*;*;*;*;""")g 4 fY("*;*;*;*;""")g f Y("*;*;*;""")g  JY("*;*;""")g J |Y("*;""")))g | _pO Commen~ts:O ThisfilepointstotheexampleRelease3sitefilesg _ OExampleofSYS.TRANSLA|TIONS:O Release4,withloRcalmodi cationsg  <pO ;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Base:10;Readtable:ZL-*-g < p(FS:SET-LOGICAL-PATHNAME-HOSTg  Q$"SYS"g Q $:PHYSICAL-HOST"MYHOST"g  5$:TRANSLATIONSg 5 g$'(("CHAOS;""OUR-SITE;")g g Y("SITE;"4"OUR-SITE;")g  JY("*;*;*;*;*;""")g J |Y("*;*;*;*;""")g | .Y("*;*;*;""")g . `Y("*;*;""")g ` Y("*;""")))g  upO Commen~ts:O Thisfilepointstositefilesthatwereg u 'pcopiedtoanewdirectory,O MYHOST:OUR-SITE;g ' XO Figure3.O Examples:originalandmodi ed(Release4)SYS.TRANSLA{TIONS leg X wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR172 O2 O2  w @&O2 @YO EachRLam~bdahostmustha~v~eauniqueChaosaddress;itisusedbothfor2 @ vYChaosnetandinRterprocessorcommunicationwithinthesamechassis2 v =&O2 =YO LamRbda-PlusUnixhostsmusthaveOnoO Internetaddress2 = ;aY|oumRustmodifyO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O tofollowtheseconventions.2 ; -aSeeFigure4,page18,foranexampleofamodi edO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O le.2 - fKO4.2.3#SiteOptionsAddedandRemo~v~ed2 f2 f XaO SiteoptionsarespReci edglobally|,forallLambdas,RinO "O SITE.LISPO "O ,orlocally|,2 X aforspReci cLambdas,inO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O .2  aThenewsiteoptionsforRelease4areasfollows:2  aO :NETWORK-NAMESO[list-of-net~work-specs]2 2 2  UQO De nesthe aRv}ailablenetwork protocols (:CHAOS and :INTERNET),2 U  Qandthenet~workRnumber(s)pertainingtothesite.!Seepage54for2  AQfurtherinformation.2 A aO :BR~OKEN-BERKELEY-UNIX-BRO~ADCAST-ADDRESS-PO[TorNIL]2 2 2  NQO Thissiteoptionm~ustbRespeci edifthereareBerkeley4.2Unix2 N QsystemsonyRournetwork.Seepage59forfurtherinformation.2  aThefolloRwingoptionsareobsolete,andarenotsupportedbyRelease4:2  aO :FRONT-END-TCP-CHA~OS-SERzVER2 2 2  HQO Chaos-onlyLambdahoststhatformerlyhadtogothroughare-2 H ~QmotefronRt-endTCP/ChaosservermustbReupdatedtouseRelease42 ~ 4QTCP/IPRsoftwaredirectly|.2 4 zaO :TCP-ONL{Y-LAMBD~AS2 z2 z2 z 0QO LamRbdahoststhatwereformerlydesignatedas\TCP-only",when2 0 fQupgradedtoRelease4,shouldbeassignedChaosaddresses.2 f daY|ou should delete anRy entries in O "O SYS:SITE;SITE.LISPO " O or O "O LMLOCS.LISPO " O that2 d aspecifyanobsoleteoption.Notethatthiswillmakethenewsiteinformation2  PaincompatiblewithRelease3.&Loadingthenewsite lesinaRelease3band2 P acouldcausesevRerenetworkingproblemstooccur.2  xaAllothersiteoptionsforTCP/IPandChaosnetshouldw~orkaspreviouslydoc-2 x .aumented.2 .2 w [[U2  O5O 18RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS zOExampleofHOSTS.TEXT:O Release3g z &pO;;;-*-Mode:Fundamental-*-MYHOST:RELEASE-3.CUSTOMER-SITE;HOSTS.TEXT#18g &  pHOSTLMI-AMNESIA,,CHAOS3412,USER,LISPM,LISPM,[AMNESIA]g  mp;;Lambda2x2-Plusg m QpHOSTMYHOST,[CHAOS3430,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[MASTER]g Q pHOSTAHOST,[CHAOS3431,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[ANOTHER]g  4pHOSTUNIX-HOST,[CHAOS3432,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,UNIX,NU,[MYUNIX]g 4 p;;;Lambdag  |pHOSTXTRA-HOST,ACHAOS3433,USER,LISPM,LISPM,[XTRA]g | _p;;VMSVAXg _ CpHOSTMEGAVAX,INTERNET101.0.0.110,USER,VMS,VAX,[MYVAX]g C AOExampleofHOSTS.TEXT:O Release4,withloRcalmodi cationsg A mpO;;;-*-Mode:Fundamental-*-MYHOST:OUR-SITE;HOSTS.TEXT#20g m QpHOSTLMI-AMNESIA,CHAOS3412,USER,LISPM,LISPM,[AMNESIA]g Q 5p;;Lambda2x2-Plusg 5 pHOSTMYHOST,[CHAOS3430,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[MASTER]g  JpHOSTAHOST,[CHAOS3431,INTERNET101.0.0.102],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[ANOTHER]g J |pHOSTUNIX-HOST,CHAOS3432,USER,UNIX,NU,[MYUNIX]g | `p;;;Lambdag ` CpHOSTXTRA-HOST,A[CHAOS3433,INTERNET101.0.0.103],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[XTRA]g C 'p;;VMSVAXg ' pHOSTMEGAVAX,INTERNET101.0.0.110,USER,VMS,VAX,[MYVAX]g XwO Figure4.O Examples:originalandmodi ed(Release4)HOSTS.TEXT leg X wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR192 O2 O2  w @KO4.3*SiteFileUpdateChec~k-List2 @2 @ 2aO Figure5,Rpage20,proRvidesacheck-listofthebasicchangesthatmustbemade2 2 hatoupdatesite lesfromRelease3toRelease4.2 h2 w [[U2  O5O 20RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS ;EO Figure5.O SiteFileModi cationCheck-Listg ; cMakResureyouspecifyallhostnamesinthepackname,andnamethehostsing c the\proper"(i.e.,slot)order:g  %F -A *W A uo A uK -A *W g %First,nametheslot0LISPprocessorg % hF pA *W A uo SA uK pA *W g hNext,nametheslot4LISPprocessor(ifinstalled)g h ,F 4A *W A uo A uK 4A *W g ,Finally|,nametheslot8LISPproRcessorO orO theattachedUnixprocessor(ifg , binstalled)g b `F{orexample:O (si:set-pack-nameO "O lam-alam-bunix-aO "O )g ` RO MakResureyoumakethefollowingchangesinO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O :g R ^F fA *W A uo IA uK fA *W g ^AssigneacRhLISPprocessoruniqueChaosandInternetaddressesg ^ !F *A *W A uo  A uK *A *W g !RemoveRInternetaddressesforLambda-PlusUnixhosts(type\NU")g !  MakRe sure you make the following changes in O "O SITE.LISPO " O and/or O "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O :g  ,F 4A *W A uo A uK 4A *W g ,AddthefolloRwingentrytoO "O SITE.LISPO "O ifyouhaveBerkeley4.2Unixg , bsystemsonyRourTCP/IPnetwork:g b _hO (:broken-berkeley-unix-broadcast-address-pt)g _ XF `A *W A uo CA uK `A *W g XO AddanenRtryinO "O SITE.LISPO "O tode neO :NETWORK-NAMESO .Ifyouuseg X theSiteEditor,itwillpromptyRoutocreatethisentry|.#Anentryforag  Dnetw~orkwhereIPsubnetsarenotinusewRouldbesimilartothefollowing:g D AhO (:network-namesg A s6'((("OUR-NETWORK")g s %((:INTERNET"101.0.0.0")(:CHAOS7)))))g % hF qA *W A uo SA uK qA *W g hO RemovethefolloRwingentrieswherevertheyappear:g h fhO :FRONT-END-TCP-CHAOS-SERVERg f h:TCP-ONLY-LAMBDASg  O MakResureyoumakethefollowingchangesinO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O totheg  Lde nitionofthe\SYS"logicalhost:g L XF aA *W A uo CA uK aA *W g XSpecifyyRourownsitedirectoryasthetranslationforO "O SYS:SITE;O "O andg X O "O SYS:CHAOS;O "g  RF ZA *W A uo KO6.2*Tyelnet2 >2 > 0aO TR|elnetprovidesremoteterminalaccessviaTCP/IP.Thev}ariousTelnetin~ter-2 0 fafacesRhavebeenenhancedsigni cantly|.2 f XaMost importan~tlyR|,the Telnet in~terface accessible via Oh 7A X [O SYSTEM X X eA X X XOi O T O noRw works prop-2 X aerlyRoverTCP/IP|.2  aThenewT{elnetproRvidesarobustinterfaceforremoteloginsbetweenLambdas.2 6aWhentheLamRbdaT|elnetinterfacecontactsaT|elnetServerrunningonanother2 6 laLam~bda,theRt~woprogramsagreetousetheChaosnetSupdupoutputoptions.2 l !aThisresultsindramaticallyimpro~v~edRbehavior:standardrubouthandlingfea-2 ! Waturesarepro~vided,LISPmachineRcharactersaredisplayedproperly|,andspecial2 W akeysRsuchasOh| mA O ABORT: : A: : > }OiO arehandledcorrectly|.2 2 w [[U2  O5O 28RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KSeeSection12.2,TR|erminalNet~workAccessProtocol(Telnet),fordetails.2 @  5O6.3*SMTP2  2  {KO TheSMTP(SimpleMailT|ransferProtocol)soft~warehasnotc~hangedsince2 { 1KRelease3.LamRbdahostscannotprovidefullmail-servercapabilities,butZMail2 1 gKdoResworkproperlywithotherSMTPmailhosts.2 g YKThefunctionO ftp:makRe-unix-zmail-init- leO hasbeenmovedtotheO ZWEI:O pack}age.2 Y  5O6.4*ImagenPrinR~terDriver2  2  KO TheRnetw~orkingandprintersoftw~aresupportImagenlaserprinters(Imagen2  GKmodelIP/IIRandcompatibles).+AstandaloneImagenprinterisaccessedvia2 G }KTCP/IP{.2 } oKWithRelease4,theO :IMAGENO driverisfullysupportedandmuc~hRimpro~vedo~v~er2 o %Kpreviouslydistributedversions.2 % KUsersarenolongerforcedtologininordertosend lestoImagenprin~ters.2   KTheImagendrivRernowsupportstheprintingofindividualpagesofatext le.2  ?KThismaRybedonewiththeO :page-listO keyword,followedbyalistofthedesired2 ? uKpageRnum~bers.F|orexample:2 u !%O (hardcopy-file"programs.lisp":page-list'(3713))2 !  KO SeeSection12.3,ImagenPrinRterDriver,forfurtherdetails.2  f5O6.5*DISK2 f2 f XKO TheRTCPDISKServer(LMIDISKprotocol)ismoredependable,andpro~vides2 X Kafullrangeoffunctionalit~ysimilartoChaosnet.2  KSeeSection12.4,Lam~bRdaDISKProtocol,forinformationonusingtheDISK2 6Kfunctions.2 6 (KAlsoseeSection7.2.4,DISKServRer,forinformationoncommunicatingbetween2 ( ^KRelease3andRelease3DISKserv~ers.2 ^2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR292 O2 O2  w  slO72 s I"Kno}wn!Bugs!and!Limitations2 I2  JKO7.1*GeneralLimitations2 J2 J <aO The follo~wing list describRes the major recognized limitations pertaining to Lambda2 < raTCP/IPandChaosnet.2 r &O2 YO Chaos/TCPprioritRy-Thecontrolv}ariableO net:*network-protocols*O (see2  :Ypage84)isnot\honored"bRyallcommunicationsfunctions.F|orexample,2 : pYthenormalLISPremote- lefunctions{includingO listfO ,O diredO ,andO viewfO {2 p &YwillRalwa~ysc~hoosetouseChaosnettoaccessanyhostthathasaChaos2 & \Yaddress.!ButnotethecommenRtsinSection7.2.2,CommunicatingWith2 \ YTCP-OnlyLambRdas,below.2  \&O2 \YO Accesspathrecovery-Intheory|,ifanaccesspathtoaremotehostis2 \ Yde nedbutnotoperativ~e(forexample,whenaconnectionrequesthas2  HYtimedout),thesoftw~arecould\failover"toanotherav}ailableprotocol.2 H ~YThishasnotbeenimplemented.2 ~ H&O2 HYO Hanging/wRaiting-Somelow-levelnetworkfunctions(particularlywithin2 H ~YChaosnet)canhangincertainrun-statesw~aitingforareply{.Whereex-2 ~ 4Ypected,theRsoft~warema~yfailtotimeout..Recommendedaction:&use2 4 jYO CTRL-Oh| IA j lO ABORT j j vA j j j|OiO toin~terruptthehangingfunctionandretrytheoperation.2 j 3YRarely{,aprocesswillhangdisplaRyingtherun-stateO Networkbu erO .This2 3 iYmeansthatallinRternalpacketbu ershavebReenusedup;iftheprocess2 i YistrulyhRung,therewillbenomorefreepacketbu erstopermitongoing2  UYoperations."AtemporarybreakinthephRysicalnetworkconnectionmay2 U Ycausethistooccur.Recommendedaction:useO CTRL-Oh| kA O ABORT, , A, , 0 }OiO toin~terrupt2 AYthehangingprocess;vRerifythatthephysicalconnectionisworking,e.g.2 A wYwithO icmp:pingO (seepage82);and nally|,executeO net:con gureO torecon g-2 w -Yurethenetw~orkingsoftware.2 - w&O2 wYO Enablingservices-ThereareseparatemecRhanismsforcontrollingTCP2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 30RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @CandChaosnetservices(seeSection10.2.1.3,page80andSection10.2.1.4,2 @ vCpage81).2 v uKThislistdoesnotincludecertainunresolvRedproblemsrelatedtocompatibility2 u +KwithothernetworkingRimplementations.(Notethatitisnotalwa~yspossibleto2 + aKproRvidecompleteintegrationwithothersystems.)2 a *5O7.2*Compatibilit~ywithPreviousReleases2 *2 * KO The discussion of obsoleted site le options in Chapter 4 describes certain limita-2  RKtionstocommRunicationsbetweenRelease3andRelease4systems.Thissection2 R KisinRtendedtoclarifythesecompatibilityproblemsandtoo ersomeadviceon2  >KcommunicatingRbetw~eenincompatiblesystems.Alltherestrictionsdocumented2 > tKbeloRwapplyonlytoTCP/IPsoftware.2 t !5O7.2.1#CompatibilitR~y-Overview2 !2 ! KO Withthenewrelease,RRelease2becomesobsolete,andisnolongersupported2  IKasRsuch;ho~wever,forthepurposesofthisdiscussion,Release2TCP/IPma~ybe2 I KconsideredcompatiblewithRelease3.2  qKManyRchangestoTCP/IParenotdo~wnw~ard-compatible.Themostimportant2 q 'Krestrictionsareasfollo~ws:2 ' 3~1.2 3CIngeneral,yRoushouldnotboothostsonthesamesystemwithdi erent2 3 iCLISPsoftw~arereleases.SpReci cally|,whenLambdaTCP/IPisinuse,itis2 i COabsolutelycriticalO thatallthehostsbootwiththesamesoft~warerelease.2  UCF{orexample,iftheloadedsiteinformationconRtainsInternetaddressesfor2 U  Cthe slot 0 and slot 4 proRcessors on a Lambda-2x2, then they must be booted2  ACwiththesamerelease.2 A CBootinghostsinthesamecRhassiswithincompatiblesoftwarecancause2  ;Can~yR numberofstrangesymptoms.Problemsmayoccurwithinterprocessor2 ; qCcommRunication and packet routing;for example,remote hosts may contact2 q 'Cthewronghost,oraRelease3hostmaRyrejectpacketsforwardedbythe2 ' ]CRelease4host.2 ] !~2.2 !CSomeRnetworkingproblemsmayoccurwhenRelease3andRelease4hosts2 ! WCareRbootedonthesamenetwork.*SincetheRelease3siteinformation2 W CconRtainsoneInternetaddressforeachhostonachassis,theRelease3host2 CCwillnotbeabletocontactaRelease4hostwithitsnewaddress.2 C AKW|erecommendthatevReryLambdaonyournetworkbeupgradedtoRelease42 A wKandRbootedwiththenewreleaseatalltimes.Ifitbecomesnecessarytobooton2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR312 O2 O2  w @aapriorrelease,usethefunctionO si:set-current-bandO todesignatethepriorrelease2 @ vaband,theninitializethesystemattheSDUanduseO newboot-aO torebootO all2 v ,aO LISPprocessorswiththeoldsoft~ware.2 , aNotRwithstandingtheserestrictions,thefollowingsectionso ersomeadviceon2  TahandlingtheoccasionalrequiremenRtforcommunicatingwithTCPbetweenRe-2 T  alease3andRelease4Lam~bdas.2  CKO7.2.2#CommR~unicatingWithTCP-OnlyLambdas2 C2 C 5aO InRelease3itwRasnecessarytodesignateLambdasas\TCP-only"iftheyonly2 5 kahadaccesstotheExcelanin~terface.Release4doResnotsupportthisoption.2 k \aARelease4LamRbdawillregardanyremotehostasafullycapablehost{one2 \ arunningbRothprotocols{ifithasbothaChaosandanIn~ternetaddress.Andof2  HacourseitismandatorytospRecifyChaosaddressesforallLam~bdahosts,because2 H ~atheChaosaddressisusedforinRterprocessorcommunications.)Therefore,all2 ~ 4aremoteLam~bRdasappeartobeChaos-capablefromtheperspectiv~eofaRelease2 4 ja4LamRbda.SincemostfunctionsgothroughChaosnetbydefault,aRelease42 j  asystem Ocannot O connect witha Release 3 TCP-onlyLambda inthe usualmanner.2  aIf all systems are upRdated with Release 4,and if the proper site le modi cations2  Haaremade,thenthiscompatibilitRyproblemwillneverarise.2 H :aButifitbRecomesnecessary|,onatemporarybasis,tobootasystemwitha2 : paRelease3bandthatde neshostsasTCP-only|,thenallotherRelease4hosts2 p &am~ustbetoldtoaccesstheRelease3hostviaTCP/FTPonly|.2 & aOnatempRorarybasis,ausercanforceRelease4toaccessaLambdaby2  NaTCP/FTPonly byresettingthe le accesspathstotheRelease3 host,andthen2 N aforcingaTCP/FTPaccesspathtobecreated.ThefunctionO fs:reset- le-access2  :aO causesexisting leaccesspathstobe\forgotten"and,optionally{,reestablished2 : pawiththedesiredaccess avor.2 p baF{orexample,assumethatauseronaRelease4hostistryingtolist lesona2 b aRelease3TCP-onlyhostnamed\OTHER-HOST".ThefolloRwingwoulddoso2  NaviaTCP:2 N z;O (fs:reset-file-access"other-host"'fs:ftp-access)2 z xaO Anestablishedaccesspathnormallyremainsine ectuntilthenexttimesite2 x .ainformationisloaded(orun~tilthesystemisre-booted).2 .2 w [[U2  O5O 32RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O7.2.3#FzronR~tEndTCP-ChaosServers2 @2 @ 2KO Release4hostsdonotproRvidethe\front-endTCP-CHAOSserver"thatwas2 2 hKproRvidedinRelease3forChaos-onlyLambdas.Ifasystemthatwasactingas2 h KafronRt-endserverisupgraded,thentheRelease3Chaos-onlyLambdaswillnot2  TKbeabletoaccesstheInRternetuntiltheyareupgradedtoRelease4.Naturally|,2 T  KRelease4systemswillbeabletoaccessRelease3Chaos-onlyhosts.2  C5O7.2.4#DISKServ~er2 C2 C 5KO The previous LMIR releases of TCP/IPsoftware used a reserv~ed TCPport for the2 5 kKDISKserver;thepRorthasbeencRhangedforRelease4toensurecompatibility2 k  KwiththeIn~ternetspeci cation.Bydefault,TCP-onlyhostsrunningRelease22  VKor3willnotbeabletocommRunicatewiththeDISKserverofaRelease4host,2 V  Kandviceversa.2  ~KThereisawRork-aroundwhichenablesaRelease4hosttocreateaDISKserver2 ~ 4Kthatiscompatiblewithpreviousreleases.OntheRelease4host,executethe2 4 jKfollo~wing:2 j %O ;;;DefinetheRelease3-compatibleserver:2  z%(tcpa:define-network-service2 z ,Ytcpa:*old-tcp-disk-service*2 , ^Y:old-disk:tcp2 ^ Y"OldDiskServer"2  AY:toplevel-function'tcpa:serial-stream-disk-server2 A sY:listen-port#o145)2 s W%;;;Enabletheserver:2 W :%(tcpa:enable-one-network-servicetcpa:*old-tcp-disk-service*)2 : %;;;Whenyouaredone,ifdesired,todisabletheserver:2  %(tcpa:disable-one-network-servicetcpa:*old-tcp-disk-service*)2  KO ThisshouldonlybReexecutedasneeded;theservicewillnotbeactiv~atedauto-2 6Kmatically{,e.g.afteracold-boot.2 62 w [[U2  OlO 332 O2 O2  w d?OP|art(II2 d nfONet}w}orking!Guide2 n2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 34RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR352 O2 O2  w  slO82 s I"System!Arc}hitecture2 I2  aO Lam~bdaRLISPmac~hinesystemspro~videEthernetLocalAreaNet~work(LAN)2  5acommRunication using the T|ransmission Control Protocol (TCP) and/or the MIT2 5 kaChaosnetprotoRcol.BothprotocolsproRvideaccesstoav}arietyofremotehosts2 k !aforpurposessuchas lesharing,remotelogins,andelectronicmail.2 ! aOntheLambda,bothRprotocolsarepro~videdusingasinglehardw~areinterface.2  IaUptotwoRinterfaceboardsma~ybepresentonasinglechassis.2 I ;aFigure8,Rpage36,isadiagramofthefunctionalrelationshipsbRetw~eencompo-2 ; qanenRtsoftheLambdacommunicationsarchitecture.2 q caChapter2,RO SummaryofMajorChangesO ,explainstherelationshipbet~ween2 c atheLISPprocessorsandthehardwRareinterfacesusedbythenetworkingsoft-2  Oaware.2 O AaThiscRhapterprovidessomeadditionaldetailconcerningthesoftwarearchitec-2 A watureandageneralo~v~erviewofbothChaosnetandTCP/IP{.2 w @KO8.1*Bac~kground2 @2 @ 2aO TheLamRbdacommunicationssoftwareattemptstoimplementbRothprotocols2 2 hafullywhileinRtegratingthemwithintheLISPworld.&F|orexample,thereisa2 h astandardsetof\generic" leaccessroutineslayeredontopofthecomm~unica-2  TationsprotoRcols.Therefore,remote leaccessistransparentwithrespecttothe2 T aparticularprotocolinvolv~ed.2 |aTheChaosnetprotoRcoloriginatedintheMITArti cialIn~telligenceLaboratory|,2 | 2awhere it wRas implementedona numberofhost systemtypes,includingtheearly2 2 haLISPmachinesRdevelopedthere.#ChaosnethasbeenanintegralpartofLISP2 h2 w [[U2  O5O 36RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5  AS tgO Figure8.O Example:Lam~bda-2x2-Pluscon gurationg t ~VSl kDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD? ?C0001C`3`scawDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD< ^|@~`Gq81 03 03 `3 `c pc<A?~oDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@@@@=|~C~|  |w^DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDpx  ?>x 0p`@@@@0 ``0xpxxx|DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDpx  xp?A@?A0 `xxDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD``a@``@`@@G@@CA@A~ ~@C_DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDhDDxDD 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@aCFL0``Ox*+**UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUPppF11H1HR****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU ***uUUUJ***UUUU ***UUU***UUU***UUU***UUU***UT*(UT!*( UTD*(xUTH*(UT@`0  Bb3}UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****@@@*$ "D I qUUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UU***UU***[UU ***UU***UUUUUC***UUU@***UUUY***UUU@***UUU@***UUU@****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****RTT$B0AS****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU*****(UU|*(UT*(UT*(UUU***UUU***UUU***UUU***UUU***U"ERf9 UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****000000000000000Qj**UU***UU***UU***UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****` `;8nl;9AAnn>>;8nl;8nocc;8nl;9AAnn>>;8nl;8nl;8nl;8`AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>nl;8nlC;9A>nn> ;8nl;8fnoc;8nlC;9A>nn> ;8nl;8nl;8nl;8nlAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>nn;;nnAA;;>>nn;;nn;;ccnn;;nnAA;;>>nn;;nn;;nn;;nn;;nnAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>on;;nn;;nnA;;A>nn>;;nn;;cnnc;;nnA;;A>nn>;;nn;;nn;;nn;;nnAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>000000000]@w@]@w@]@WwAA=]~>wH]HwT}]ccw@]@WwAA=]~>wH]HwT]@w@]@w@]@ AAAG>>>= cccm AAAG>>>=  t\v\v\u]w@]@w@]@w@]w@]@w@]@w@]@w@]@w@]v\t ` @;8nldQJgDDD;;nn;;=sN@@D@8D@D@ysQx_EwE}gEDEt}pU@@x@@@Q|@}tNy@DQExEQy@FQI|DNE;; @@ w@]@\tP `p8?saaaa8sp?`03xXmXmXmXmXmXm8XmxXmX@@n@?s@qa@`a@`a@`a@`a@qa@?a@~`~pXx88xX@@`@?p@s8@a@a@a@a@s@?@?sa?aaaa`>aaaaa?a`p?q````q?  ```p 8       p `~`~?paa`a?p`nq````8`x`X``pxxxp~caac~lffcca ` `p p  x xx x  x xp pp?x?aaa=`pc`cax?=p 3ccT @AS2 @ .Kmac~hineRsoftw~areformanyyears.2 .  KThefocusofChaosnetdevelopmentRw~astoprovidedeeplyembeddedanduser-2  VKfriendlycommRunicationfunctionsthatsupportedtheneedsofdevelopers(such2 V  KasLISPprogrammers)wRorkingonalocalareanetwork(suchasinaresearch2  AKen~vironment).AgreatdealoffunctionalelabRorationisdependenRtonortightly2 A wKattac~hedtotheprotocol.2 w iKF{orexample,cenRtraltotheChaosnetprotocolistheconceptof\transparent2 i Kaccess".OntheLISPmachinesrunningChaosnet,userscanspecify lenames2  UKusingasynRtaxapproximatingthatoftheserver(remote)host;theuser(local)2 U KhostproRvidesallrequiredpathnameparsing./Mostutilityfunctionsonthe2 AKLam~bRdaareexpectedtodealwithanRy\legal"pathnametype.2 A 3KTCP/IP protocolsR evolvedinafairlysecuremainframeenvironment, wherehosts2 3 iKofv}arioustRypesmaybeseparatedbylargedistances.Theseprotocolswerenot2 i Koptimizedforeither the degree of le sharingpRermissible onlocal area networks,2  UKnorforthestRylesofprogrammingand lemanipulationthatweredeveloped2 U KaroundLISPRmac~hines.Nev~ertheless,TCP/IPisaverypRopularprotocol,giv~en2 AKthewiderangeofhosttRypeimplementationsandtherigorousspeci cationas2 A wKendorsedforDODuse.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR372 O2 O2  w @aThegoalofnet~workingontheLamRbdaistoprovide\thebRestofbothworlds":2 @ vathetransparenRtfeaturesof leaccesstoallrecognizedhosttypes,thetightly2 v ,acoupledprogrammingfeaturesproRvidedbyChaosnet,andthewideav~ailabil-2 , baitRytoTCP-compatiblehosts.'T|othegreatestpossibleextent,theRelease42 b anetw~orkingRsoftwareprovidesthebestprotocolforeac~htask.2  2K UAS ?OF{eature} ?} ?qDescription} ?} ?} ? AS XO QFILE,LISPM-QFILE} X} XqT|ransparen~t leaccesstoremotehosts} X} X} X Mail} } qMailaccesstoremotemailserv~ers} } }  DSupdup} D} DqRemotelogin} D} D} D zTiger} z} zqPrinRtingtolocal/remoteLambdahosts*} z} z} z 0Finger} 0} 0qUserloginstatus} 0} 0} 0 fHostat} f} fqRemotehoststatus} f} f} f ExtendedStreams  Otm } } qO In~ter-processorcomm~unications} } }  R(streamsandsharedmemory)*} R} R} R Disk} } qRemotediskaccess} } }  >Time} >} >qRemotetime-of-dayaccess} >} >} > **Non-MIT,Lam~bdaextension} *} *} * O Figure9.O ChaosnetFR|eaturesandFunctionalit~y}  2AS2 2 KO8.2*ServicesandFyunctionalit~y2 2  aO ThetableinFigure9,Rpage37,liststheChaosnetfeaturesproRvidedbythe2  EaLam~bda.Figure10,Rpage38,liststhesuppRortedTCP/IPfeaturesandLam~bda2 E {aextensions.2 { 8KO8.3*Net~w}orkRSoft~w~areInitializations2 82 8 )aO WhenaLambRdaiscold-booted,itsetsup(\con gures")itsnetworkingen~vi-2 ) _aronmenRtbasedonthefollowingkindsofinformation:2 _ m1.2 mYItsoRwnhostidentity2 m 32.2 3YTheaRv}ailablehardwareinterfaces2 3 y3.2 yYTheRnet~worksitecon guration2 y waEarly in this proRcess,the Lambda determines its oRwnhost identity by inspecting2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 38RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS tOProtocolg tg twDescriptiong tg teUseg tg tg t 5AS O Net~w~orkLevel:g g g  zO IPg zg zwIn~ternetProtocolg zg ze(Systeminternaluseonly)g zg zg z fO Con~trol/T{ransportLev~els:g fg fg f QO TCPg Qg QwT|ransmissionControlProtocolg Qg QeImplementingcomplexprotocolsg Qg Qg Q UDPg g wUserDatagramProtocolg g eImplementingsimpleprotocolsg g g  =ARPg =g =wAddressResolutionProtocolg =g =e(Systeminternaluseonly)g =g =g = sICMPg sg swIn~ternetRCon~trolMessageg sg se(Systeminternaluseonly)g sg sg s )Protocolg )g )g ) O ApplicationLev~els:g g g  O FTPg g wFiletransferprotocolg g eNet~work-wide leaccessg g g  7SMTPg 7g 7wSimpleMailT|ransferProtocolg 7g 7eMailaccess(usedb~yZMail)g 7g 7g 7 mTELNETg mg mwT|elnetProtocolg mg meRemoteloging mg mg m #IMAGENg #g #wLaserPrinterProtocolg #g #ePrintingtoImagen*g #g #g # O TCPandUDPServ~ers:g g g  {O DISKg {g {wRemoteDiskProtocolg {g {eNet~workdiskfunctionsg {g {g { 1v(suchasbandtransfers)g 1g 1g 1 gvbRetw~eenLambdas*g gg gg g TIMEg g wHostTimeProtocolg g eHosttime-of-da~yaccess*g g g  SFINGERg Sg SwTCPFingerServ~erg Sg SeUserloginstatus*g Sg Sg S  RzWHOg  g  wRemoteWhog  g  eUserloginstatus**g  g  g  ?R~UPTIMEg ?g ?wRemoteUptimeg ?g ?eSystemup-timestatus**g ?g ?g ? +*Non-DOD,Lambdaextensiong +g +g + a**P~opularindustryextensiong ag ag a XO Figure10.O TCP/IPFR|eaturesandFunctionalityg X wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR392 O2 O2  w @athediskpacRkname.Apacknameisalistofhostnames,separatedbyspaces.2 @ vaHostnamesarelistedinthepacknameintheordertheyappearonthesystem2 v ,aNubus;i.e,theslot0nameisfollowedRb~ytheslot4name(ifany),thenthe2 , banameofaUnixorthirdLISPprocessor(ifany).2 b TaThefolloRwingLISPfunctionsare usedforsettingandinspectingthe packname:2 T  Y-F|unction2 Y2 YaO si:set-pac~k-nameOpac~k-name&optionalunit2 Y vO SetthepacRknametothestringOpack-nameO .2  vF|orexample:2  -PO(si:set-pack-name"lama") ;Lambda2 - _P(si:set-pack-name"lamalambunix-a");Lambda2x2-Plus2 _2  . }-O F|unction2 }2 }aO si:get-pac~k-name2 } 3vO ObtainthepacRknamefromthedisk.!Returnsmultiplev}alues,onefor2 3 iveac~hhostname.2 i [vF|orexample:2 [ PO (multiple-value-setq(slot0slot4unix)2  99(si:get-pack-name)2 9 k(printslot0)2 k (printslot4)2  N(printunix))2 N 2P"MYHOST"2 2 dP"OTHER-HOST"2 d P"UNIX-A"2 2 . aO TheRbootedsystemdeterminesitso~wnhostinformationfromtheloadedsite2 Vainformationcorrespondingtoitshostname."Then,thehostsetsthev}ariable2 V aO si:loRcal-hostO (seepage120)tothehostobjectcorrespondingtoitself.(Other2 Basystemv}ariablesdepRendonthelocalhostobject;seeSection14.3,LocalHost2 B xaV|ariables.2 x jaIfthesystem'soRwnhostinformationisnotde ned,thesystemcontinuesto2 j ainitializeitself,butittakResonthespecialhostidentity|,O AMNESIAO .Whenahost2 VabootsasO AMNESIAO ,awRarningisprintedtonotifytheuserthatthepropersite2 V ainformationmustbReloaded.Remote leaccessandsomelocal leoperations2 BawillnotfunctionproperlyunRtilsite lesareloadedwhichcontainthesystem's2 B2 w [[U2  O5O 40RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KoRwnhostidentity|.(F|orfurtherinformationseeSection9.2.3,HostAMNESIA).2 @ 2KWhenthenet~workRsoftw~areiscon gured,v}ariousinterfacestoprotocolsand2 2 hKdriversareestablished:2 h wO2 wCO \ONE"-3COMorEXRCELANinterfacetotheETHERNETnetwork2 w >O2 >CO \SHARE"-inRterfacetoBACKPLANEnetwork(inter-processorstreams)2 > O2 CO \LOOPBA~CK"RinterfacetoL~OOPBA~CKnet~work(usedinternally)2  KO2 KCO \INTERNET"-TCPandUDP2 K O2 CO \CHA~OS"-Chaosnet2  XO2 XCO \ARP"-AddressResolutionProtocol2 X O2 CO \TCP"-TELNET,FTPR|,SMTP,DISK,TIME,FINGER2  eO2 eCO \UDP"-RzWHO,NAMESP|A~CE,TIME2 e ,O2 ,CO \ICMP"(controlmessages)2 , *KUsetheO PReekO programtoexaminetheinterfaces,protocols,andconnections.2 * `K(SeeSection10.4).2 `2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR412 O2 O2  w  slO92 s IECon guration!Procedures2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterexplainshowtosetupnetworkinformationforLambdas.2  qaTheterm\site les"isusedtorefertothesource lesthatde nethenetw~ork2 q 'a(or\site")con gurationinformation.2 ' pKO9.1*SiteFileOv~erview2 p2 p baO T|ocon gureanet~workwithLamRbdas,thesystemornetworkadministrator2 b amodi esandmain~tainscertain les.Theinformationinthese lesiscompiled2  Naandthenloaded inRtothe running LISPenvironment,or\world".Thisprocessis2 N aidenRticaltomaintainingaLISPprogram,Rorsystem,madeupofmultiple les.2  :aMostofthesitecon gurationinformationis,infact,enteredasLISPcode.2 : ,aUpRdatingthesite lesourcesisacyclicalprocessm~uchRlik~emaintainingany2 , baLISPsystemorprogram:editing,compiling,loading,testing/debugging,and2 b asoon,unRtilthesite le\program"isworkingasdesired.2  aSeeFigure11,Rpage43,foragraphicillustrationoftheedit/compile/load/test2 @acycleforsite les.&This gurediagramstherelationshipsamongthev}arious2 @ vasourceandcompiled les.2 v haWhenthecRhangeshavebeentestedanddebugged,andastableversionofthe2 h asite leshasbeenac~hieved,itisgenerallydesirabletoO disk-sa~v~eO thenewsite2  TainformationaspartofacompleteLISPw~orldondisk.Otherwise,thesite les2 T amRustbeloadedeverytimethesystemisbooted.2 |aThe site les doRcumen~ted beloRw are all contained in the directory with the logical2 | 2apathnameO "O SYS:SITE;O "O .2 22 w [[U2  O5O 42RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KThese lesare: 1O1B @2 @ OKO SYS:SITE;SYS.TRANSLA{TIONS-2 O2 O2 O ;O de nesthelogicalpathnameO "O SYS:SITE;O "2  LKO SYS:SITE;HOSTS.TEXT-2 L2 L2 L ;O conRtainstabularentriesde ningeachnetworkhost2  HKO SYS:SITE;SITE.LISP-2 H2 H2 H ~;O de nessite-widesystemoptions2 ~ EKO SYS:SITE;LML~OCS.LISP-2 E2 E2 E {;O providesRmachinelocationinformationforeac~hLISPmac~hine;op-2 { 1;tionally|,providesfor\loRcal"(per-host)siteoptionv}aluesthatover-2 1 g;ridetheglobalv}alues2 g :5O9.2*De ningRNet~w}orkHosts-HOSTS.TEXT2 :2 : ,KO The leO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O isatablewhicRhcontainsoneentryforeachnetwork2 , bKhost./TheO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O leisactuallyadatatablemaintainedinNIC2 b K(HOSTS2)format.2   KT|oprocessthesite les,thesystemmanagerexecutesO (make-system'site...)O ,2  @Kprovidingparametersasrequiredtoindicatethekindofcompilationand/or2 @ vKloadingrequired.$O "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O isthe rst leprocessedbRyO (make-system2 v ,K'site)O .2 , KO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O istheonlysite lethatdoResnotcontainLISPcode.Instead,2  TKO makRe-system O translateseach hostentryintoaLISPformtoexecutethefunction2 T  KO si:de ne-hostO .RThese forms are then written out to the le O "O HSTTBL.LISPO "O .(By2  ?Kdefault, the translation is only performed when the le O "O HOSTS.TEXTO " O is O newer2 ? uKO thanO "O HSTTBL.LISPO "O .)2 u K DA> y A ?C 8NevRermodifyO "O HSTTBL.LISPO "O directly;makechangesonlytothesource le, 8 nO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O . n ,A ?C }  A> y2 2 5 kAX S |O1g g O Other lescon~tainedwithintheO "O SYS:SITE;O "O directorygenerallypRertaintospeci cg Asoftw~aresystems.!SeetheexplanationofO mak~e-systemO intheO LISPMachineManualg A wO formoredetails.g w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR432 O2 O2  wK  AS VSl 1k|@|`0`0000@0`0`0`0`0@||a~a~xx~~~A~AxxAA`x`|N@x|N~`|~`xL  LLgGFcLLFc LFc Fc Fc LwLNGI@@c9g1C1C1C1C18S`\c`@`@@c9`C1A1A1C1C18V`\fCGn;&c;fc3c3c3&c3CG{< `` ````cC` ff` ff` gf` f` f&`sC03 1 q 1 1 1 1 1{O pp}~c]6c @0F ``F 0`F`>q|n 0L`p0`` ~l[x0000x0@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@FC@@@``8@0 p``8@0 @p``@0@p``8 @@p```80 """"""""""qw{cv[c@A""""||<l6`6@|0""""`qqp@cpX@cXA"""""""""x?ay   c9X@Aaq`Op xDD8t@lfxoqhRN3   xr8X`|pqC$b#`ag@@CF@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@p@0 `8`@p@0 `8`@p@0`@p @8`0 `8`"""""""" @A @ac?GG""""""""@l0@l3Lf3Ax~7""""""""@Ap@a1csGG"""""""""""""""""""" !qG B$B$ Cd B81d0@@xpDDD D D`BX"d$DDDx@`@@aXp $ q$$x$i$xpxxrxDbDDDbD@@@@@@@@@@@@h@@@@@x@@@p@@@@@@@@@@@@DD"DC"DF "D@"DD""DDDDDDx{}~1;m61`0`@@```@``0@`C1@ccA`DDDD""""DDDDDDDD>x L >66 f3|pLxDDDD""""DDDDDDDD?G C << 0` p?_DDDD""""DDDDDDD""DD""dDDHQ""DD""DDD"""DDD""""""""""""""""""""""m     ;0>` n `0003 Ff0l~xx"""""""""""""""">"""3>0`"""p"""""""""""@@@@@@@@@@@@CA@@@@@AC@@@@@@@@@@@0G9L@?L@p6L`6L86O 0L80L`0L@p0L@0Lc 3@30@3`@3@@s|3@@?3`@30@3@3 c ~ 1C @ p@ p@``~@0`0`0` 0`C``~?Os   | l lCl        s @0p@p@0""DD""DD""DD""DD""DD""DD""""DDDD""""DDDD>=~"n6D`000`0`" 0`Dl`@xq`"D""""DDDD""""DDDD""""DDDD?x?L<<<<0 0c`~ppLx""""DDDD""""DDDD""""DDDDG C  b D?_H""""DDDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD<@B@GHHHFH:G     " "  8@@ O8LHDHHDHH|HH@H<q<   8 DLDH|H@H<3D""> xadq p ! @@GH HHHG8Z# 8b$L@ADH0AGH@ @Hpa@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\d n%HLt H%HRN(%4($%T($%W(D%(C.aTsDAbADas     3=   G< f<0ll0lX0LX3L<A xhdqqpsp   @ ` gc3GC<I  7 0  v0|x@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@CA@@@@@AC@@@0 @p`8 @8`@p@0 @0@p``80 `8`@p@0 @@p``8@0 `8`@p @0 @``8@0 `8`@0 @0p@p@0""DD"D  "D3"D"DD""""DDDD <  <0 l0 X0X3=<DDDD""""DDDDqpGsp9f0l`l@`L`aLgc3GC?DDDD""""DDDDppx0q8C@qGp@G0`p0 31{cDDDD"""DDDr""`DD`AB""LDDy""DD""DDD#$$# $$#8DDDD8G@`@$ `@ QGD Q@'@JG$JH$DHDDGbV QQr! r  '$H$H$O$HG$G 'q$I $H $H $H $GqpaX$q$ $ $i$cHcC $ #    `Hb'@@@@@@@p`@ @@@x @&@yB@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@DDDDDDDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@@DD@DD@|| xxx^c`MLF` A@ F@DDDD4@8tp`DD DD |D p@D aXLfaq|DDDDq? q   0q m9 0C `G `F a03 x<DDDD&f#"y:"a"&a"!>%;>B>e"&e9&e!&e!%;!z<f% %z=81b% b% %ce<8dxph$['%fi6Bg1.g1&@f)&BZg%;Cz="; "B;};O,OO,O<Ouser/serverO>O,O<Osystem-typReO>O,OO,[OO]2 Q PKO TheitemsineacRhHOSTentryareusedtogenerateargumentstofunction2 P KO si:de ne-hostO .2  F|unction2 2 KO si:de ne-hostOname&restoptions2  L`O De neahost.ShouldonlybeusedinSYS:SITE;HSTTBL.LISP|.2 L =`TheOnameO argumentisastringspecifyingtheprimarynameforthehost.2 = /`TheOoptionsO areasfollo~ws:2 / A`O :HOST-NAMES2 A2 A2 A wPO Alistofhostnames;thelastelementshouldbetheprimary2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR452 O2 O2  w @fname,withtheprecedingelemenRtssortedbyincreasingname2 @ vflength.The rstmacRhinenameisusedfrequentlyasashort2 v ,fnamewherebrevityisdesired.2 , uvO :MACHINE-TYPE2 u2 u2 u +fO ARk~eyw~ordcorrespondingtoaknownhardw~aretype.2 + svO :SYSTEM-TYPE2 s2 s2 s )fO ARk~eyw~ordcorrespondingtoaknownsoftw~aretype.2 ) qvO :CHAOS2 q2 qfO Alistspecifyingthev}alidChaosnetaddress(es)forthishost.2 q :vO :INTERNET2 :2 :2 : pfO Alistspecifyingthev}alidInternetaddress(es)forthishost.2 p ~aItispossibletocreateahost\onthe y",RbyexecutingO si:de ne-hostO ,then2 ~ 4acallingO si:parse-hostO (seepage116).2 4 &aF{orexample:2 & R;O (si:define-host"TEMP-UNIX"2 R ]:host-names4'("TEMPU""TEMP-UNIX")2  6]:machine-type:nu2 6 h]:system-type:unix2 h ]:chaos'(#o3440))2  };(si:parse-host"TEMP-UNIX")2 } |aO IfthehostdoResnotbelongonanRyphysicalnetwork,specifythekeywordO :NO-2 | 2aNETWRORKO insteadofeitherO :CHAOSRO orO :INTERNETO ,andspecifyO NILO asthelist2 2 gaofaddresses.2 g fa *A> y ^A 4~M O Note:O UsingO si:de ne-hostO directlyasdescribRedaboveisO notO recommended.  SThisfunctiondoesnotchec~kthehostobjectdata.Supplyingerroneoushost S information cancreatesevRere networkingproblems;itis bettertoaddallnew ?hostsusingthenormalsite leprocess. ? ^,A 4~M ^ fA> y2 f2 f -KO9.2.2#HostAddresses2 -2 - aO EvReryhostspeci edinthesite lesmusthaveatleastonenetworkaddress.2  UaOne or more addresses of either t~ypRe,CHAOS or INTERNET, may be provided.2 U a(F|orexample,yRoumightprovidetwoInternetaddressesforahostactingasa2 AaTCP/IP gatew~ay|.)If more than one host address is listed,the series of addresses2 A waisenclosedinapairofbrackets.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 46RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KF{orexample:2 @ l%OHOSTLAMBDA-A,WCHAOS3430,...2 l %HOSTLAMBDA-B,WINTERNET110.0.0.1,...2  P%HOSTLAMBDA-C,W[CHAOS3440,INTERNET110.0.0.2],...2 P %HOSTGATE-1,[INTERNET110.0.0.100,INTERNET101.0.0.100],...2  KO MostRnetw~orkingfunctionsthattakeaOhostO asanargumentwillparsethear-2  6Kgumentforeitherahostnameoranaddress.$F|unctionsthatarespeci cally2 6 lKrelatedtoTCP/IPwillinRterpretanynumberasanInternetaddress."Strings2 l "Kareparsed rsttoseeiftheyspecifyaknownhostname,and nallyasdotted2 " XKdecimalRn~um~bers(seebelow).Chaosnetfunctionsbehaveinasimilarfashion,2 X Kandtypicallyexpecteitherahostname,Rhostobject,oranumericChaosnet2  DKaddress.2 D 6KSomegenericfunctionsexpectanetw~orkRk~eyw~ordandanaddress,forexample,2 6 lKO :chaos#o3741O .2 l ^KThefunctionO net:parse-addressO (seepage120)isusedinRternally|,andmaybe2 ^ Kusefulfordevelopers.2  j5O9.2.2.1"In~ternetAddresses2 j2 j \KO The DODRMilitaryStandardfor the IPprotocol(Ref:MIL-STD-1777,8/12/83)2 \ Kde nes,amongotheraspRectsoftheIPprotocol,hoRwnetworksandnetwork2  HKenRtities(hosts)aretobeidenti ed.2 H :KTheR tw~oIP netw~orkdesignationswhichareusedinLambdasite lesaretheOnet-2 : pKwRorkaddresses O for each host and,Rwhen subnets are in use,the applicableOsubnet2 p &Kmask(s)O . TheseareinturnconstrainedbRythedesignatedOnetworknumber(s)2 & \KO whicRhcorrespondtothephysicaland/orlogicalnetworklayoutinuse.2 \ NKTheRnet~workaddresses,netw~orkn~umber,andapplicablesubnetmasksarede-2 N KterminedbRythenetworkadministrator; uO2` $O allarerepresentedas32-bitnumbers.2  :KTheseRn~umbersmaybeexpressedinv~ariousw~ays:aslargedecimal,octal,or2 : pKhexadecimalRnumbers,or(morelegibly)in\dotteddecimal"format.2 p aKIn dotted decimal format,R each group of 8 bits,or \octet",is expressed decimally|,2 a KandoRctetsareseparatedbyperiods.!Anoctetcanhav~eaprin~tedv}aluefrom2 5 WAX wS hO2g wg wO In~ternetRnetworkn~um~bersareociallyassignedbyDDN.g w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR472 O2 O2  w @a0(eacRhbit0)to255(eachbit1).Ifa32-bitnumberhasallbitssetto1,the2 @ vadotteddecimalrepresenRtationwouldbeO "O 255.255.255.255O "O .2 v haLISPcanrepresentdecimal,octal,andhexadecimalnotationsdirectlyandcan2 h acompareRn~umbersusingtheseformatsinternally{.'Butdotteddecimalformat2  TaisnotaLISPtRype,sothenetworkingfunctionsusestringswhichcontainthe2 T  aprin~tedformoftheaddress.2   :aNet~workingfunctionsexpectinganInRternetaddresswillgenerallytakeanyof2 : patheseformats.F{orexample,thefolloRwingareequiv}alentInternetaddressdesig-2 p &anationsformostpurposes:2 & 5&O2 5YO Dotteddecimalstring:O "O 101.0.0.152O "2 5 |&O2 |YO Decimal:O 16944989682 | C&O2 CYO Octal:O #o145000002302 C  &O2  YO Hexadecimal:O #x650000982  2  aO T|oproRvidesome exibilityinassigninghostaddresses,theIPspeci cationde-2  Ga nessev~eralrangesofaddress,or\classes".%Therearethreeaddressclasses,2 G }akno~wnasclassesA,B,andC.2 } oaAnIPhostaddressconsistsofthree elds:2 o {1.2 {Yabitsequencethatindicatesthenetw~orkclass,2 { ?2.2 ?Yabitsequenceforthenet~workRnumber,and2 ? 3.2 Yabitsequenceforthelocal(host)address.2  aBy inspRecting the high-order bits in an address, it is alwa~ys possible to determine2  7atheRnetw~orkclassdesignation.Theo setandlengthoftheother eldsdepends2 7 maonthenet~workclass.!Figure12,Rpage48,shoRwsthecompositionofatypical2 m #aIn~ternetaddress.2 # aA Osubnet mask O is a bit mask whicRh, when applied to an Internet network address,2  KamasksallofthenetworkRnumber eldand,optionally|,partofthelocaladdress2 K a eld.*Whensubnetsareinuse,theapplicablesubnetmaskisusedtokeep2  7adi erentsubnetstogetherorseparateforroutingpurposes.%Asillustratedin2 7 laFigure13,Rpage48,thedefaultsubnetmasksarethosethatarecommonlyused2 l "afortheappropriateclassnetw~orkwheresubnetsareO notO inuse.2 " OKO9.2.2.2"ChaosAddresses2 O2 O AaO EacRhhostontheChaosnetlocal-areanetworkisidenti edbya16-bitOChaos2 A waaddressO consistingoftw~o elds:aOsubnetO ,designatedbRythemostsigni cant82 w2 w [[U2  O5O 48RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w  5  AS VSl^ 1k;Q$0Q Q$9$$$$      08            $ <      <$    CAAAhf``|@p0o`hf``|@`SaRyRaRa}A!!!%:B&f@&{&s@>j%&@?R]!03C|=09122&f2&>2&&2&f3Y'001111@`P`;;Yff&f{3fr fj&B{'Y@@@111 M1311]]l33s=Y39@ `0o``hf``|@0o``!@A05A>S %:Ca&fBy&{Ba&sBa>j}%&P@@@@B131lS001135a=Sl @22&f2&>2&&2&f3Y'00;;Yff&f{3fr fj&B{'Y@@@1111^ L   O LH]^ L   O LH]^ L   O LH] 28CCC`I&co<s@ 2`8fFC`I&fo<F` 2 8  C I&&o<F1IIHHH0D1$$   8@C0DDDDD8cpNV`I$TIdTI(lf(C;$'$3 >N0g   g6O@@YXVc8q33 HRRHR^HRPl{Y g8 "  " "s8A0@@f@`@8@gA#p !P A@ @!!`!c@ F | )  (  ) F@ s"@! 3 NHHHN 9N9 RH9RHIRH?m50 c%Lcx@@1@JB@J@JR@1`f8` ) @  !G8`!a cc$ $q$S\ssy*Ht#D"{MqNA#%NIHH!HaN8` @ p9H$H$H$00`H 8H9 0$H$H$80  `@ L``@ L`T nTO Figure12.O In~ternetAddressesg n  AS2  F5 GAS 0ONet~workClass:g 0g 0UO {A{g 0g 0*{B{g 0g 0~{C{g 0g 0g 0 Sampleaddress:g g U100.000.000.002g g *128.001.000.002g g ~192.001.002.003g g g  RNet~worknumber:g Rg RU100.000.000.000g Rg R*128.001.000.000g Rg R~192.001.002.000g Rg Rg R DefaultSubnetg g g  >!Mask:g >g >U255.000.000.000g >g >*255.255.000.000g >g >~255.255.255.000g >g >g > *O Figure13.O Example-Net~workAddressesandSubnetMasksg * FAS2 F 9Kbits,Randahostaddress(withinthesubnet),designatedbRytheleastsigni cant2 9 oK8bits.Both eldsmustbenon-zero.2 o aKThesubnetnum~bRerofaChaosaddresscanbedeterminedinLISPwiththeO ldb2 a KO function:2  C%O (LDB(byte88)OaddressO )2 C AKO ByRconven~tion,Chaosaddressesarespeci edasoctaln~umbers.Inthesite le2 A wKO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O eacRhoctaladdressisentereddirectly|,withoutapre x.*In2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR492 O2 O2  w @aLISP|,theoctalrepresenRtationmustbeindicatedbythe\#o"octalpre x,asin2 @ va\O #o3741O ".2 v haTherangeofaddressesforaparticularsubnetnumberRmaybecalculatedas2 h afollo~ws:2  J;O low5address:N(*256)2 J |;highaddress:N(+(*256)255)2 | k :aO ThefolloRwingtableliststhehighandlowaddressforsubnets1through15:2 :K |AS TwOSUBNET} T} TnLOW} T} TeHIGH} T} T} T @wO 1} @} @n400} @} @e777} @} @} @ vw2} v} vn1000} v} ve1377} v} v} v +w3} +} +n1400} +} +e1777} +} +} + aw4} a} an2000} a} ae2377} a} a} a w5} } n2400} } e2777} } }  Mw6} M} Mn3000} M} Me3377} M} M} M w7} } n3400} } e3777} } }  9w8} 9} 9n4000} 9} 9e4377} 9} 9} 9 ow9} o} on4400} o} oe4777} o} o} o %w10} %} %n5000} %} %e5377} %} %} % [w11} [} [n5400} [} [e5777} [} [} [ w12} } n6000} } e6377} } }  Gw13} G} Gn6400} G} Ge6777} G} G} G }w14} }} }n7000} }} }e7377} }} }} } 3w15} 3} 3n7400} 3} 3e7777} 3} 3} 3 kAS2 k ]aWithoneexception(describRedinthenextsection),LambdaChaosnetsoftw~are2 ] aimpRosesnorestrictionsonChaosaddresses.Lam~bdahostsonthesameph~ysical2  Ianetw~orkRmayha~v~eChaosaddressesindicatingdi erentlogicalsubnets.!Note,2 I aho~wever,thatRLambdahostscannotactasChaosnetgatewa~ysorbridges,but2  4atheycanco-existonanetw~orkwithotherChaosnethoststhatperformthese2 4 jafunctions.2 j cKO9.2.3#HostAMNESIA2 c2 c UaO SometimeswhenaLam~bRdahostbootsupitcannotobtainitsoRwnhostidentity|.2 U aThisonlyhappenswhen1)thehost'snameisnotobtainedfromthe packname,2 Aaor 2)thehost's oRwnentry cannot befoundamong theknown hosts in theloaded2 A wasiteinformation.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 50RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KInthissituation,thehostassignsitselfthereservedChaosaddress3412(octal).2 @ vKByRconv~ention,thisaddressisreserv~edforthespecialhostname,O AMNESIAO .2 v hKThesamplesite lesincludede nitionsforO AMNESIAO inbothO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "2 h KO andO "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O .It is importanttokeep theseentriesinyourown site les.2  KWhenasystembootsas O AMNESIAO , the systemheralddisplaysthehostname as2  FK\[Unkno~wnChaosAddress]".T|ocorrectthiscondition,useO si:set-sys-hostO (see2 F |Kpage65)andO upRdate-site-con guration-infoO (seepage72)topointtoandloada2 | 2Kcurrentsetofsite les.2 2 ^5O9.2.4#HostUser/ServR~erTypes2 ^2 ^ PKO EacRhO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O entryincludesa eldconsistingofoneofthekeywords2 P K\USER"or\SER{VER".This eldindicateswhetherthemacRhineprovidesser-2  <Kvicestoremotehosts.2 < .KThe LamRbda networking software does not maintain oruse this information,but2 . dKitmRustbeenteredforcompatibilitywiththehost-tableparser.2 d 5O9.2.5#HostMacR~hine/SystemTypes2 2  KO EacRhO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O entryincludesthehost's\machinetype"(hardware)and2  <K\systemtRype"(software).2 < .KTheR networkingsoftwaredoesn'tactuallydependonthemac~hinetypeforproper2 . dKcommRunications;itcanbeobtainedfromeachhostobject,however,andcanbe2 d KusedbRydevelopers.2   KThesystemt~ype,Rontheotherhand,iscriticaltonetw~orkingRfunctionality;itis2  BKusedtodeterminethehostobjecttRype,the lesystemtype,andthedirectory2 B xKline-parsingtype.2 x O2 CO The O systemRtyp}e O corresponds to the O hostobje}cttyp~eO ,aR  a~v~orde nitionused2  :CtoimplemenRtmethodsforaparticularsystemtype.SeeSection14.1for2 : pCabriefdiscussiononhostobjects;consulttheO LISPMachineManualO for2 p &Cdetails.2 & iO2 iCO TheRO lesystemtyp~eO isusedtodeterminetheappropriate a~v~ortobeused2 i Cfor pathname parsing.In general,this correspRonds to the O systemtyp~e O spec-2  UCi edinO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O .Inexceptionalcases,the lesystemtypedi ers2 U CfromthegeneralsystemtRype,toinformthenetworkingsoftwareabout2 ACexceptionalbehaRvior.TheseexceptionsmustbRespeci edinO "O SITE.LISPO "2 A wCO withthesite leparameterO :SPECIAL-FILE-HOSTSO (seepage61).2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR512 O2 O2  w @&O2 @YO TheO dir}e~ctorylinepR}arsingtypeO generallycorrespondstothe lesystem2 @ vYtRype,butisde nedseparatelytoaccountfordiscrepanciesamongremote2 v ,Y leservers.2 , sYDirectory line parsing is used b~y TCP/FTP during le access;certain FTP2 s )YoperationsreceivReatextlistingofaremotedirectory|,andthenetworking2 ) _Ysoftw~areparseseacRhlinetoobtaindetailedinformationabouteach le,2 _ YsucRhasowner/author,permissions,andcreationdate(whenav}ailable).2  aAppRendixA,O Host/SystemT~ypesO ,describestheimplemenRtedsystemtypes.2  IaTheassociated avorsandkeywordsR(suchassystemtype)arelistedforeac~h2 I ahostt~ype.2  FKO9.3*SiteOptions2 F2 F 8aO TheoptionsspReci edinO "O SITE.LISPO "O areglobal:theya ectallLambdahosts.2 8 naSiteoptionsinO "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O areforaspeci cLambdaonly|.2 n 'KO9.3.1#GlobalSiteOptions-SITE.LISP2 '2 ' aO Most of the site options describRed below are normally speci ed as global options.2   aTheonlyLISPforminO "O SITE.LISPO "O shouldbeacalltothemacroO si:defsiteO ,2  @awhicRh establishes the global v}alues of site options.O si:defsite O takes two arguments,2 @ vaOsiteO andOoptionsO .2 v haTheOsiteO argumenRtmustbeakeywordsitename,suchasO :OUR-SITEO .2 h ZaTheOoptionsO argumenRtisalistofoptionentries;eachentryisalist.TheO CAR2 Z aO ofeacRhentryisakeywordoptionname,suchasO :ST|ANDALONEO .TheO CADRO of2  FaeachRentryspeci estheoptionv~alue.2 F 8aSeeFigure14,Rpage52,foranexampleofO "O SITE.LISPO "O .(Itisabriefv~ersionof2 8 natheexample ledistributedwiththeO\Release4OptionsT{ape"O .)2 n 'KO9.3.2#Lam~bdaRMachineLocations-LML~OCS.LISP2 '2 ' aO The leO "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O containsoneentryforeachLISPMachineatyoursite.2  OaOnepurpRoseofthis leistorecordthephysicallocationofeacRhLISPmachine2 O ahost.2  waInaddition,globalsiteoptionsthatarelistedinO "O SITE.LISPO "O canbeo~verri-2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 52RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS pO;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Package:SYSTEM-INTERNALS;Readtable:ZL;Base:10-*-g  vp;;;PrototypesitedeclarationforLambdas.g v Zp;;;ChangeCUSTOMERtoyourownsitename.g Z  p;;;Besuretocheckthevaluesofalltheoptions.g  op(DEFSITE:CUSTOMERg o S(:SHORT-SITE-NAME"CustomerSite")g S (:LONG-SITE-NAME"CustomerLambdaNetwork")g  h;;Thehostonwhichthesystemsourcesarelocated.g h (:SYS-HOST"LM")g  ~;;Alistofmachinesthathaveaservertoprovidethetimeanddateg ~ 0;;tomachinesonthenetwork.g 0 a(:CHAOS-TIME-SERVER-HOSTS'("Lambda-A""Lambda-B""Lambda-C"))g a E;;Hoststhatcanprovideinformationaboutnon-Chaosnethosts.g E w(:CHAOS-HOST-TABLE-SERVER-HOSTS'())g w [;;Hoststhathavemailserverscapableofforwardingmailanywhere.g [  (:CHAOS-MAIL-SERVER-HOSTS'())g  p;;TheargumentisthenumberofhourseastofGMT.,EST=5,CST=6,etc.g p "(:TIMEZONE5)g " ;;DestinationformailtoBUG-,amailserverhostname,orNILg  7(:HOST-FOR-BUG-REPORTS'())g 7 ;;"Localsites",usedbyZMailsummarydisplayg  M(:LOCAL-MAIL-HOSTS'("Lambda-A"))g M 0;;Alistoflistsofnamesandprinterspecs.Knownprintertypesg 0 b;;include:LASER1,:LASER1+,:IMAGEN,and:TI855.g b (:PRINTER-NAMES'((("OUR-PRINTER")(:TI855"Lambda-A"))))g  x;;Thisspecifiesthedefaultprinterfortext.g x )(:DEFAULT-PRINTER"OUR-PRINTER")g ) ;;Thisspecifiesthedefaultprinterforscreendumpsandarrays.g ?(:DEFAULT-BIT-ARRAY-PRINTER'(:TI855"Lambda-A"))g ? ";;Nameandnumber(s)ofthenetworkg " T(:NETWORK-NAMES'((("CUSTOMER-NETWORK")g T :((:CHAOS7)))))g  8)g 8 ^$O Figure14.O ExampleofSITE.LISPg ^ wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR532 O2 O2  w @adenforparticularhostsinO "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O ."Ine ect,eachhostseesitsown2 @ vaO "O LMLROCSO "O siteoptionv}alue,ifonewasspeci ed;otherwise,itseestheglobal2 v ,av~alue.2 , aTheonlyLISPforminO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O shouldbeaO defconstO formthatde nes2  Tathev}ariableO si:machine-location-alistO .2 T  P&Constant2 P2 PaO si:machine-location-alist2 P vO AlistofLISPmacRhinelocationentries.2 2  aThisv}ariableisanassociationlist;eacRhmemberofthelistisanotherlistthat2  Gade nestheloRcationofonehost.Thegeneralpatternofalocationen~tryis:2 G s;O (host-full-namepretty-name2 s $Ulocation-string2 $ VU(buildingfloor)2 V Uassociated-machine2  :Usite-options)2 : 8aO TheelemenRtsofeachlocationentryarefollows:2 8 E&O2 EYOHost-full-name:O ThenameofthehosttobRede ned,speci edasastring.2 E &O2 YOPretty-name:MO Astringgivingafulldescriptionofthehost./Thisis2  >Ydispla~yed,forexample,byO print-heraldO andO hostatO .2 > &O2 YOLoRcation-string:HO Astringdescribingtheph~ysicallocationofthehost2  8Ysystem.2 8 |&O2 |YOBuilding- oRor:O A listdescribing the ph~ysicallocationofthehost.The rst2 | 2YelemenRtofthelistisasymbRolthatdescribestheph~ysicalsite;thesecond2 2 hYelemenRtcanbeusedtodistinguishaparticularphysicallocationwithin2 h YthatRsite.Acon~v~entionthatisusedatman~ysitesistoenterthebuilding2  TYnameand oor.2 T &O2 YOAssoRciated-machine:)O Thisis the nameofthehostwhere userslocate their2  NYpersonaldirectories. TheO loginO function,Rbydefault,loRoksontheassoci-2 N Yatedmachineforusers'directoriesandinitialization les.Theassociated2  9Ymac~hineneednotbRethesameasthelocalhost;onanetw~orkwhereusers2 9 oYsharemRultiplemachinesinaterminalroom,Rforexample,itmaRybeconve-2 o %YnienRttodesignatea leserverwithalarge lecapacityastheassociated2 % [YmacRhineforallLambdas.2 [ &O2 YOSite-options:&O Thisisalistofsiteoption/v}aluepairsthato~v~erridethe2  UYglobaloptionsenRteredinO "O SITE.LISPO "O .+Theoverridingv}aluesareseen2 U YonlybRythesinglehostde nedbythecurrententry|.Siteoptionsthatare2 AYcustomizableforindividualconvenience,suchasO :DEFzAUL|T-PRINTERO ,are2 A wYcommonlyoverriden.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 54RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KF{orexample,thefolloRwingentryspReci esinformationspeci ctoLambdahost2 @ vKO OTHER-HOSTO :itsassociatedmacRhineisO MYHOSTO ,andtheattachedLASER1-2 v ,KPlusprinRteristhedefaultprinter.2 , X%O ("OTHER-HOST""Keith'sLambda"4"K.Corbett'soffice"2 X  ?(CAMBRIDGE7)2  <?"MYHOST"2 < n?((:DEFAULT-PRINTER(:LASER1+"OTHER-HOST"))))2 n lKO SeeFigure15,page55,foralistingofanexampleofO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O .2 l 15O9.3.3#Net~work-WideOptions2 12 1 #KO Thisc~hapterdescribResthesiteoptionsthatpertaintothenetw~orkasawhole.2 # 3KO :NETW~ORK-NAMESO[list-of-netw~ork-specs]2 32 32 3 i 1;O Thev~alueofthisoptionisalistofnet~workRspeci cations;eac~hspec-2 1 g;i cationincludesnet~workname(s),Rn~um~ber,and(optionally)anIP2 g ;subnetmask.2  e;Inpractice,theinformationspeci edbRyO :NETWORK-NAMESO isonly2 e ;usedbRyLambdassituatedonanIPnetworkwithsubnets.However,2  Q;itisrecommendedthatyRouincludetheoption,sincefuturesoftware2 Q ;maydependonit.2  O;The rstelemenRtofeachspeci cationisalistofstrings.Eachstring2 O ;proRvidesanicknameforthenetwork.2  M;ThesecondelemenRtofeachspReci cationisanassociationlistde-2 M ;scribingtheprotoRcolssupportedonthisnet~work.Eac~hmem~berof2  9;thislistisitselfalistthatbReginswithanet~workprotocolkeyword,2 9 o;eitherO :CHAROSO orO :INTERNETO .F|ollowingeachprotocolkeywordis2 o %;thecorrespRondingnet~worknumber.F|orRO :CHAOSO ,thisisthesubnet2 % [;n~umbRer;forO :INTERNETO ,thisisthenetw~orknumber.2 [ #;Optionally|,folloRwinganInternetnetworknumber,thesitemanager2 # Y;can specify a Osubnet maskO .This mask is used to distinguish addresses2 Y ;onseparatesubnetswithinthenet~work. Ifsubnetsarenotinuse,2  E;thesubnetmaskO mustb~eNILorabsentO forIn~ternetaddressingto2 E {;functioncorrectly|.2 { C;SeeSection9.2.2.1,RIn~ternetAddresses,forfurtherinformationon2 C y;In~ternetaddressesandsubnetmasks.2 y A;Here'sanexampleO "O SITE.LISPO "O en~trythatpertainstoaclassAnet-2 A w;workRwhichconsistsoft~wosubnets;eightbitsofthelocaladdress2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR552 O2 O2  wK  AS pO;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Package:SI;Base:8;Readtable:T-*-}  up;;;MACHINE-LOCATION-ALISTisalistofentries,oneforeachLispMachine.} u 'p;;;Eachentrylookslike:} ' Yp;;;X(host-namepretty-namelocation(buildingfloor)associated-machine} Y  psite-options)}  <p;;;wherehost-nameistheofficialnameofthemachine(sameasinthe} < nphosttable),} n  p;;;pretty-nameisahuman-readableversionofthehost-name,locationis}  Rptypically} R p;;;anofficeand/orphonenumber,buildingandfloorareself-explanatory,}  5pand} 5 gp;;;associated-machineisthedefaultloginhostforthisLispMachine.} g Kp;;;Example:} K }p;;;("GODOT""WaitingforGodot""Room341,x2674"("1000MassAve."3)} } .p"LAMBDA-A"} . `p;;;Z'((:sys-host"POZZO")(:default-printer"LUCKY")))} ` Dp(DEFCONSTMACHINE-LOCATION-ALIST} D vJ'(("LAMBDA-A"D"LambdaRA"D"MachineRoom"} v ' (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} '  v("LMI-AMNESIA""[UnknownChaosAddress]"B"Nonexistent"}  = (Elsewhere0)"LMI-AMNESIA")} = !v("LAMBDA-B"/"LambdaB"\"MachineRoom"} ! R (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} R  6v("LAMBDA-C"p"LambdaC"D"MachineRoom"} 6 h (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} h  Kv("LAMBDA-D"p"LambdaD"."MachineRoom"} K } (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} } / av("LAMBDA-E"p"LambdaE"."MachineRoom"} a  (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")}  D vv("LAMBDA-F"p"LambdaF"."MachineRoom"} v ( (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} ( Z v("LAMBDA-G"p"LambdaG"."MachineRoom"} > (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} > o !v("LAMBDA-H"p"LambdaH"."MachineRoom"} ! S (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} S  7v))} 7 uO Figure15.O ExampleofLMLOCS.LISP}  &AS2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 56RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @;areusedtospRecifythesubnetnumber.Inthisexample,hostshave2 @ v;addressesoftheform\100.1.x.x"or\100.2.x.x".2 v 6 IO(DEFSITE...2 I {+...2 { -A(:NETWORK-NAMES'((("A-NETWORK")2 - __((:INTERNET"100.1.0.0""255.255.0.0")2 _ t(:CHAOS7)))2  BI(("B-NETWORK")2 B t_((:INTERNET"100.2.0.0""255.255.0.0")))))2 t &+...)2 &2 6 "KO :SHORT-SITE-NAMEO 2 "2 "2 " XKO :L~ONG-SITE-NAMEO 2 X2 X2 X KO :SITE-PRETTY-NAMEO 2 2 2  D  ;O TheseoptionsproRvidedi erentformsofthenetworksitename.The2  A;shortnameshouldbeashort(one-word)abbreviation.Thelongand2 A w;\pretty"namescanincludespaces.F{orexample:2 w yO (:SHORT-SITE-NAME"W.W.")2 y *(:LONG-SITE-NAME"WidgetWorks")2 * \(:SITE-PRETTY-NAME"++WidgetWorks,Inc.++")2 \ (5O9.3.4#CustomHostInitializations2 (2 ( 8KO :DEF{AUL|T-INITIAL-FORM2 82 82 8 n 5;O ThesiteoptionO :DEF{A~UL|T-INITIAL-FORMO ,ifpresent,speci esa2 5 k;LISPformtobReev}aluatedwhentheLam~bdaboots.%(Itisgener-2 k !;allyusedforspeci cmacRhines,nottheentiresite,andthusshould2 ! W;beusedinO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O .)2 W ;Whenahostisbooted,afterthecold-bootinitializationsarecom-2  U;pleted,theRO :DEF{AUL|T-INITIAL-FORMO (ifan~y)isprintedoutandthe2 U ;userisaskRedwhethertoexecuteit.IftheuseranswersOYESO (orafter2 A;aone-min~utetimeout),theformisev}aluated.2 A ;AgoodRw~aytousethisfeatureistosetupaLISPprogramonthe2  >;systemhostwhicRhexecutesthedesiredinitializations.-Thisway|,2 > t;theinitializationproRceduresmaybemodi edsimplybyeditingand2 t *;compilingtheinitializationprogram.2 * q;F{orexample,thefolloRwingentryinO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O wouldexecute2 q ';asystemstartupprogramatboottime:2 '2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR572 O2 O2  w @EO :2 @ rE(:default-initial-form2 r $`(catch-error2 $ V|(load"sys:site;startup")))2 V E:2  [QO TheO catch-errorO formissuggestedasameansoftrappingerrorsthat2 [ Qcouldcausethesysteminitializationstoabort.2  IKO9.3.5#SystemTimeServices2 I2 I XaO :ST|ANDAL~ONEO[TorNIL]2 X2 X2 X  UQO IfthisoptionisO TO ,eacRhLambdais\standalone",andgetsitssystem2 U  QtimefromitsoRwnbatteryclock.If O NILO ,eachLambdawillattemptto2  @Qgetitssystemtimefromtheremote\timeservRerhosts"(seebelow).2 @ ,aO :TIMEZONEO[hours-west-of-GMT]2 ,2 ,2 , b )QO Thisoption spReci es thetimezonelocation ofthe network.Thetime-2 ) _QzoneisexpressedinhourswRestofGreenwichMeanTime.F|orexam-2 _ Qple,theContinen~talUSAEasternTimezoneisen~teredas:2  +O (:TIMEZONE5)2  iQO Accordingly|,RCen~traltimelocationsuse6,Moun~taintimelocations2 i Quse7,andPaci ctimelocationsuse8.2   aO :CHAOS-TIME-SERVER-HOSTSO[list-of-Chaos-hosts]2  2  2  @ QO ThisoptionspReci esalistofChaosnethostswhichsupportaserv~er2  =Qtoprovidethetimeanddatetootherhosts.)Onsystemstartup,2 = sQnon-standaloneLam~bRdaswillpollthesehoststogetthetimeofday|.2 s :QThev}alueisalistofhostnames;forexample,2 : :+O (:CHAOS-TIME-SERVER-HOSTS'("OPUS""TISH"))2 : sKO9.3.6#ChaosnetOptions2 s2 s eaO TheoptionsinthissectionapplyonlytoChaosnet.2 e2 w [[U2  O5O 58RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KO :SERVER-MA~CHINEO[TorNIL]2 @2 @2 @ v =;O Normally|,aLamRbda'sChaosnetservices(suchasremote leaccess)2 = s;areenabledatbootRtime.#However,whenaLam~bdaisusedoften2 s );asaservRermachineatasite,itmaybenecessarytodelayaccess2 ) _;totheservicesun~tilcertainotherinitializationsareperformed.&If2 _ ;theLamRbda'sO :SERVER-MACHINEO siteoptionv~alueisnon-NIL,then2  K;itsservicesareO notO enabledautomaticallyatboottime;insteadthe2 K ;functionO si:enable-servicesO (seepage81)mustbecalled.2  H;NotethattheO :servRer-machineO optionwouldnormallybRespeci edin2 H ~;O "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O toapplyonlytospeci cLambdas,notall.2 ~ jKO :ESC-F-ARG-ALISTOalist2 j2 j2 j  g;O ThissiteoptionsetsthevR}ariableO tv:* nger-arg-alist*O .Thisvariable2 g ;conRtrolstheO ngerO programdisplayinvokedbyOh| }AU   O TERMINAL{ {  *AU{ {  NOiO FO .2  e;Thev~alueoftheO :esc-f-arg-alistO siteoptionshouldbReanassociation2 e ;list.TheO CARO ofeacRhelementiseitherasingledigit(0to9)orO TO ,2  P;orO NILO .TheseassociationkReysindicateanargumenttopasstothe2 P ;O ngerO programwhentheusertypesOh| fAU   O TERMINAL   AU   NOiO FO .F{orexample,the2  <;usermaRytypReOh| AU < ?O TERMINALJ <J < IAUJ <J <N <NOiO 0-FO ;ifthereisanassociatedelemen~tof2 < r;O tv:* nger-arg-alist*O ,thatargumentispassedtoO ngerO .2 r :;TheassociationelemenRtO TO indicatesthedefaultO ngerO actiontotake2 : o;whentheO ngerO argumenRtdoesnothaveanassociatedentry{.%The2 o %;associationelementO NILO isusedwhentheuserpressesOh| AU % (O TERMINAL+ %+ % 2AU+ %+ %/ %NOiO F2 % [;O withnoarguments.2 [ #;TheO CDRO ofeacRhelementspeci esastring,keyword,orlistthatis2 # Y;passedtotheO ngerO program.AstringspReci esahosttobe ngered.2 Y ;ThefolloRwingkeywordsarealsorecognized:2  sO2 s3O :READ-Asktheuserwhic~hhost(s)to nger.2 s ;O2 ;3O :LROGIN-Fingerthedefaultloginhostorassociatedmachine.2 ; O2 3O :ASSOCIA{TED-Fingertheassociatedmachine.2  IO2 I3O :LISP-MACHINES,R :LOCAL-LISP-MA~CHINES,:ALL-LISP-MA~CHINES2 I 3Finger knoRwn LISP machines.O :ALL-LISP-MACHINES O ngers all2  53knoRwnhosts of type O :LISPMO ;the otherkeywords ngerallhosts2 5 k3listed in the LISPM mac~hine location information (from the site2 k !3 leO "O LML~OCS.LISPO "O ).2 ! t;ARlistofhostsand/orv}alidk~eyw~ords(otherthanO :READO )canbe2 t *;speci edtocombinetheiractions.2 * r;F{or example,the folloRwing might be entered in O "O SITE.LISPO " O to de ne2 r (;theO ngerO program'sbehavior:2 (2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR592 O2 O2  w @+O (DEFSITE...2 @ ry:2 r $y:2 $ V+(:ESC-F-ARG-ALIST'((NIL.:ALL-LISP-MACHINES)2 V 6(T.:LISP-MACHINES)2  96(0.:READ)2 9 k6(1"UNIX-A""UNIX-B")))2 k y:2  OE)2 O "QO Withthissiteoptionv}alue,thee ectofOh| AU " %O TERMINAL " " /AU " " "OOiO FO withnoargu-2 " XQmenRtisto ngerallLISPmachines;Oh| 7AU X [O TERMINALD XD X eAUD XD XH XNOiO 0-FO wouldprompt2 X QforaloRcationto nger;Oh| mAU  O TERMINAL7 7  AU7 7 ; OOiO 1-FO w~ould ngerthespeci ed2  DQlistofUnixhosts;andOh| #AU D GO TERMINAL D D QAU D D DNOiO FO withanRyotherargumentwould2 D zQ ngerLISPmac~hineswithlocationinformation.2 z 7KO9.3.7#TCP/IPOptions2 72 7 )aO ThefollowingsiteoptionappliesonlytoTCP/IP|.2 ) 8aO :BROKEN-BERKELEY-UNIX-BRO~ADCAST-ADDRESS-PO[TorNIL]2 82 82 8 n 4QO Thissiteoptionm~ustbRespeci edifthereareBerkeley4.2Unix2 4 jQsystemson yRour network.Such systems have anon-standard method2 j  QofdoingIPRbroadcasting.Ify~ousetthisoptiontoOTO (true),TCP/IP2  VQwillalsousethismethoRd,andwillbeabletobroadcasttotheUnix2 V  Qsystems.+Ify~ousettheoptiontoNILR(oromitit),TCP/IPwill2  BQusethestandardmethoRd,andwillbeabletobroadcasttosystems2 B xQthatpropRerlyusethestandardmethod(includingsystemsrunning2 x .QBerkeleyUnix4.3).2 . uQT|oenableBerkReley4.2IPbroadcastingcompatibility|,addthefol-2 u +Qlo~wingRentryinO "O SITE.LISPO "O :2 + ++O (:broken-berkeley-unix-broadcast-address-pT)2 + pKO9.3.8#PrinterOptions2 p2 p baO ThesiteoptionsdescribRedinthissectionspecifyparametersusedbRytheprinter2 b asoftw~are.TheRprintersoftwareisdocumen~tedintheOPrinterSoft~wareGuideO .2 2 w [[U2  O5O 60RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KO :DEF{AUL|T-PRINTERO[prin~ter-spec]2 @2 @2 @ v 9;O Thisoptionsetsthev}ariableO si:*default-printer*O ,whichinturnspeci-2 9 o; esthedefaultO :PRINTERO argumenRttotexthardcopyfunctions.The2 o %;Oprin~ter-spRecO shouldbeeitherakeywordforat~ypeofprinter,astring2 % [;foraprinRtername,oraquotedlistcontainingakeywordandargu-2 [ ;menRtsspecifyingtheprintertypReandhostlocation.2  T;Examples:2 T QO (:default-printer'(:ti855"MORTICIA"))2 Q (:default-printer"TISH-PRINTER")2  4(:default-printer:ti855)2 4 ;O The rst example is a full speci cation.The second examle illustrates2  9;areferencetooneoftheprinRtersspeci edbyO :PRINTER-NAMESO .2 9 o;ThethirdillustratesareferencetoaprinRtersspeci edbyO :DEF{AUL|T-2 o %;PRINTER-HOST-ALISTO (seebelow).2 % KO :DEF{ARUL|T-BIT-ARRA|Y-PRINTERO[printer-spec]2 2 2  G  ;O Thisoptionsetsthev}ariableO si:*default-bit-array-printer*O ,whic~hin2  @;turnspeci esthedefaultO :PRINTERO argumenRttobit-maphardcopy2 @ v;functions.Thev}alueisspeci edasforO :DEF{A~UL|T-PRINTERO .2 v bKO :DEF{AUL|T-PRINTER-HOST-ALISTO[a-list]2 b2 b2 b  [;O ThisoptionisusedbRytheoptionalTigerprintersoftware.#Itsets2 [ ;thev}ariableO tiger:*default-printer-host-alist*O ,whichisusedtolocate2  G;aprinRterspeci edonlybyprintertype.Specifyaquotedassociation2 G };listwithhostnamesindexedbRyprintertypes.2 } ?;F{orexample:2 ? <O (:default-printer-host-alist2 < nf'((:ti855"LAMA")2 n (:toshiba"LAMC")))2 KO :PRINTER-NAMESO[list]2 2 2  N ;O Setsthev}ariableO si:*printer-names*O ,whicRhisusedtode neprinters2  G;b~yname;thenamescanthenbReusedtospecifyprinterswithinthe2 G };otherprinRtersiteoptionsabove:&O :default-printerO ,O :default-bit-array-2 } 3;printerO ,andO :default-printer-host-alistO .2 3 v;Specifyaquotedlist;eacRhelementofthelistde nesaprinterwhich2 v ,;canbereferredtobRyitsname(s).Eachsub-listhastheform2 ,2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR612 O2 O2  w @+O (("string1""string2"...))2 @ QO ...wherethestringsarenamesbRywhichtheprinterisknown.The2  LQOprin~ter-spRecO shouldbealistspecifyingtheprinRtertypReandlocation.2 L QF{orexample:2  +O (:PRINTER-NAMES2  J_'((("OURS""CS""CS-LASER")(:IMAGEN"MORTICIA"))2 J |(("ITS"4"CS-TI855")(:TI855"IT"))))2 | .+(:DEFAULT-PRINTER"CS-TI855")2 . `+(:DEFAULT-BIT-ARRAY-PRINTER"CS-LASER")2 ` .KO9.3.9#De ningFzoreignSystems2 .2 .  aO ThissectiondescribResoptionswhichspecifyinformationrequiredfordealing2  Vawithforeign(non-LamRbda)systemtypes.2 V haO :HOST-DEFzAUL|T-DEVICE-ALISTO[host.devicepairs]2 h2 h2 h  gQO This option spReci es whic~h device should be used by default for path-2 g QnamesonaspReci chost.$Thisisespeciallyusefulwithhoststhat2  SQsupportmultiplediskdevices.2 S QTheoption'sv~alueisanassociationlistofdottedpairs,oneforeac~h2  RQremote host.The rst elemenRt of each pair is a host name;the second2 R QelemenRtofeachpairisastringspecifyingthedevicename.2  QQF{orexample,thefolloRwingentryspeci esthatpathnamesonthe2 Q QV{AX/VMSRhost\MY-VzAX"shouldincludethedefaultdiskdevice2  =Q\USERO _O DISK"(whicRhispresumablyalogicaldeviceassignmenton2 = sQtheV{AX):2 s v+O (:HOST-DEFAULT-DEVICE-ALIST2 v (_'(("MY-VAX"4.5"USER_DISK")))2 ( !aO :SPECIAL-FILE-HOSTS2 !2 !2 ! W QO The le-systemtRypeofaremote leserverhostisgenerallyequiv-2 VQalenRttothesystemtypRespeci edforthehostinO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O .2 V QHow~ever,someexceptionsdoexistandneedbeen~teredusingthis2 BQsiteoption.2 B QAnexceptionexists,Rforexample,whenaparticularv~endor'simple-2 AQmenRtationof a\standard" system type deviatesfromthe standard in2 A wQcertainrespRects.TheO :special- le-hostsO siteoptionproRvideskeywords2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 62RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @;that are used bRy the le access software to recognize these exceptional2 @ v;cases.2 v =;TheO :SPECIAL-FILE-HOSTSO optionconsistsofanassociationlistof2 = s; le-systemRtypes.Each\special" leserverhostislistedunderthe2 s );appropriate le-systemtype.2 ) o;F{orexample:2 o pO (:SPECIAL-FILE-HOSTS2 p "I'((:LMFS"SYMB-1""SYMB-2")2 " T~(:UNIX-SGI"SGI-HOST")))2 T ';O TheexampleabRov~e includesalistofSym~bolicshostswith the O :LMFS2 ' ];O lesystemtRype,andaSiliconGraphicsUnixworkstationwiththe2 ] ;O :UNIX-SGIO lesystemt~ype.2  Y;F{ormostnet~workingpurposes,allMIT-descendedLISPmachines{2 Y ;LamRbdas,Explorers, and Symbolics { are quite similar,and therefore2  E;classi edunderthesystemtRypeO :LISPMO .However,theSymbolics2 E {;pathnamesynRtaxdi erssigni cantlyfromtheLambdaandExplorer2 { 1;systems.&Therefore,SymRbolicshostsmustbRespeci edasO :special-2 1 g; le-hostsO oftRypeO :LMFSO inorderfortheLambdatoparseSymbolics2 g ;pathnamescorrectly|.2  U5O9.3.10"MailOptions2 U2 U  KO :CHAOS-MAIL-SERVER-HOSTSOlist-of-hosts2  2  2  @ ;O Thisoptionspeci esalistofhoststhatarecapableofaccepting2  <;mailandforwardingittootherlocations.MostVMS,TOPS-20,and2 < r;UniximplemenRtationsofChaosnethavethiscapability|.MostLISP2 r (;mac~hinesdonot.2 ( o;Example:O :chaos-mail-server-hosts'(O "O UNIX-AO ""O UNIX-BO "O )2 o [KO :SMTP-MAIL-SERVER-HOSTSOlist-of-hosts2 [2 [2 [  W;O Thisoptionspeci esalistofhoststhatarecapableofaccepting2 W ;TCP/SMTPmail.2 T;Example:O :smtp-mail-serv~er-hosts'(O "O MEGA-VzAXO "O )2 T2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR632 O2 O2  w @aO :DEF{AUL|T-MAIL-MODEOkeyword2 @2 @2 @ v AQO Thev~alueofthisoptionshouldbeoneofthet~wokeywords,O:CHAOS2 A wQO orO:SMTPO .ThisoptionindicateswhicRhmailprotocolisusedbythe2 w -QaRv}ailablemailserver(s).2 - aO :ALLOW-LM-IN-FROM-FIELDOTorNIL2 2 2  O QO This option spReci es whether the Lambda mail program O ZMail O should2  PQalloRwtheusertospecifyaLISPmachineintheOF|rom:O eldofamail2 P Qmessage. SinceLamRbdastypicallydonotsupportamailserver,it2  <QisassumedthattheO replyO commandinmostmailsystemsma~ynot2 < rQwRorkcorrectlyifthemessageoriginatesfromaLISPmachine.Ifthis2 r (QoptionisO NILO ,O ZMailO willprompttheuserforacorrectmailorigin2 ( ^Qbeforesendingamessage.2 ^ JaO :HOST-FOR-BUG-REPORTSOhost2 J2 J2 J  KQO ThisoptionspReci esthenameofaOhostO tosendbugreportsto.This2 K QoptionisusedbRythebugmailinterfacesinO ZMailO ,theerror-handler2  6QcommandO CTRL-MO ,andtheO (bug)O function.2 6 QThespReci edOhostO shouldbeamachinecapableofacceptingand2  7Qforw~ardingmail.&ARmaildestinationcalledO BUG-LISPMO shouldbe2 7 mQestablishedonthehostforgeneralLISPmachinebugmail.2 m 8QExample:O (:host-for-bug-reportsO "O MEGA-V{AXO "O )2 8 KO9.4*UpdatingSiteFiles2 2  taO ThissectiondoRcumentstheprocedureforpreparingandupdatingsite lesfor2 t *ausewithRelease4.Thegoalofthissectionistoassistthesitemanagerwith2 * `apreparing new site les.The goal is to save a band with updated site information2 ` aforeacRhRelease4Lambdaonyournetwork.2  qKO9.4.1#GettingStarted2 q2 q caO Itisrecommendedthatthesite lesbRemodi edandcompiledonthenetw~ork2 c a leservRer,alsoreferredtoastheO\systemhost"O .Thisisnormallythe le-server2  Oahostonwhichsystemsources,site les,etc.arestored.2 O AaIfyRouhavemultipleLambdas,youshouldchooseoneLambdatoactasthe2 A wasystemhost.Allsite lemain~tenanceshouldthenbReperformedonthatsystem.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 64RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KOnceyRouhaveaworkingsetofsite les,youcangotootherLambdahostson2 @ vKtheRnetw~orkandloadthesite lesfromthesystemhost.2 v hKThe rststepinsite lemaintenanceconsistsofestablishingthesite ledirec-2 h Ktory|.2  -O2 -CO Ifthisisthe rsttimeyouarecreatingasetofsite lescustomizedfor2 - cCyourRnet~work,youshouldbeginwiththesamplesite lesprovidedby2 c CGigaMosontheO\Release4OptionsT|ape"O .Restorethesite lesandcopy2  OCtheO "O RELEASE-4.CUSTOMER-SITE;O "O directorytoadirectoryofyRourown2 O Cchoosing.2  LO2 LCO If yRou are upgrading from Release 3,and you already have a customized set2 L Cof site les, and yRou plan to upgrade all Lambdas to Release 4, then you can2  8CwRorkwithyourexistingsite les.If,however,youwillneedtoalternate2 8 mCbet~weenRelease3andRelease4,yRoumayneedtocopyyourexisting2 m #Csite ledirectorytoanewloRcation. Asdocumentedearlier(seeSection2 # YC7.2), Release 4 TCP/IP requires signi canRt (and incompatible) changes All2 Y CtherestrictionsdoRcumentedbelowapplyonlytoTCP/IPwithrespectto2  ECRelease3site les.2 E DKOnceyRouhavechosen(and,optionally|,copied)yoursite ledirectory|,you2 D zKestablishitscurrenRtlocationbyrede ningthelogicalpathnameO "O SYS:SITE;O "O .2 z 0KThispathnameisestablishedinoneoftw~ow~ays:2 0 ?~1.2 ?CThefunctionO si:set-sys-hostO (seepage65)isusedtode neO "O SYS:SITE;O "2 ? uCO temp}or}arilyO ,thatRis,dynamicallyinLISP|.Thisisthefunctiontousethe2 u +C rsttimeyRoubootaLambdaonabandthatcontainswhollyinaccurate2 + aCand/orirrelev}anRtnetworkinformation.F|orexample,whenyou rstboot2 a Cwiththe\v}anilla"Release4band,theLISPwRorldwillnotcontainyour2  MCsiteinformation.Y|oushoulduseO si:set-sys-hostO topoin~ttothedirectory2 M CthatconRtains,OorthatwillcontainO ,yoursite les.2  ICWhenyRou rstprepareyourownsite les,youcallO si:set-sys-hostO toget2 I Cstarted;thenyRoueditandcompilethesite les.Lateryoucanbooteach2  5CotherLambRda,callO si:set-sys-hostO topoinRttoyournewsite les,andload2 5 kCthemtoacquiretheupdatedinformation.2 k 2~2.2 2CThe\permanent"de nitionofthelogicalhost\SYS"andO "O SYS:SITE;O "O is2 2 gCenRteredinO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O .#This lemustcontainacalltothe2 g CfunctionO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostO (seebeloRw)whichde nesthelogical2  SC\SYS"Rhost.Thisde nitiongetsloadedintoLISPwhenevReryouloadthe2 S Ccurrentsetofsite les.2 2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR652 O2 O2  w @KO9.4.1.1"SettingtheSYSTEMHOSTinLISP2 @2 @ 2aO ThefunctionO si:set-sys-hostO isusedtoestablishthesystemhostandsite le2 2 hadirectorytemporarily:2 h s-F|unction2 s2 saO si:set-sys-hostOhost-name&optionalsystem-t~ypehost-2 s )1addresssite- le-directory2 ) _vO SpRecifythehostfromwhichtoreadsystem les.$Whenpointingtoa2 _ vremoteLamRbda,thisfunctionmakesanetworkconnectiontocon rm2  Kvtheinformationpro~vided.2 K =vTheargumenRtsareasfollows:2 = LvOhost-name2 L2 L2 L fO Astringspecifyingthenameofthesystemhost.T|oindicate2  8fthe local macRhine (the one that you are working on), use O "O LMO "O .2 8 ~vOsystem-type2 ~2 ~2 ~ 4fO OpReratingsystemtypeofthesystemhost(seeSection9.2.5,2 4 jfHostMacRhine/SystemTypes).O NILO meansthatthesystem2 j  ftRypeofthehostindicatedbyOhost-nameO shouldbeused;this2  VfwRorksonlyiftheOhost-nameO isknowntothecurrentlyloaded2 V  fhostinformation.2  SvOhost-address2 S2 S2 S  fO TheChaos orInternetaddressof the system host.An octal or2  ?fdecimalRn~um~ber(e.g.,O #o3741O )isparsedasaChaosaddress;2 ? ufastring(e.g.,O "O 101.0.0.1O "O )isparsedasanIn~ternetaddress.2 u +fO NILO meansthatthehostaddressofOhost-nameO shouldbeused;2 + aflikeROsystem-typeO ,thisworksonlyiftheOhost-nameO iskno~wnto2 a fthecurrentlyloadedhostinformation.2  ]vOsite- le-directory2 ]2 ]2 ] fO AstringspRecifyingtheO namestringO ofthedirectorytobeused2  IfasthetranslationforO "O SYS:SITE;O "O whicRhpointstothesite2 I f les.ThisstringisusedaspartoftheOtranslationsO listpassed2  5fasanargumenttoO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostO (seepage66).2 5 3vNormally|,alltheargumenRtsmustbRefullyspeci ed.How~ev~er,itissome-2 3 ivtimespRossibletospecifyO NILO forOsystem-typeO and/orOhost-addressO .This2 i vwRorksonlyifthesystemhostwiththenameOhost-nameO isalreadyknown2  UvinthecurrenRtlyloadedsiteinformation,andifthenetworkaddressfor2 U vOhost-nameO isaccurate.Asaspecialcase,yRoumayspRecifybothOsystem-2 AvtRype O and Ohost-address O as O NIL O when you designate O "O LMO " O as the Ohost-nameO ,2 A wvtoindicatethatthelocalhostisthesystemhost.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 66RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KHerearesomeexamples:2 @ l%O;;;Pointtothelocalmachineanddefaultsitefiledirectory:2 l P%(si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil,"release-4.customer-site;")2 P 4%;;;PointtoaremoteChaosnethostandcustomsitedirectory:2 4 %(si:set-sys-host"myhost":lispm#o3430"our-site;")2  {%;;;PointtoaremoteTCPhostandcustomsite(sub)directory:2 { ^%(si:set-sys-host"myhost":lispm"101.0.0.101""our-site.release-4;")2 ^ B%;;;Pointtoaknownhost,specifyingjustthesitedirectory:2 B &%(si:set-sys-host"ahost"nilnil"our-site;")2 & VKO SevReralexamplesofO si:set-sys-hostO aregivenincontextwiththeprocedures2 V  Kbelow.2  n5O9.4.1.2"SettingtheSYSTEMHOSTinSYS.TRANSLA{TIONS2 n2 n `KO The function O fs:set-logical-pathname-host O is used within O "O SYS.TRANSLA{TIONSO "2 ` KO toestablishthelogicaltranslationsforO "O SYS:SITE;O "O :2  ,F|unction2 ,2 ,KO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostOlogical-host&kReyphysical-2 , bhosttranslations2 b `O De nealogicalhostnamedOlogical-hostO ,whicRhtranslatestoOphysical-2  N`hostO .2 N @`OtranslationsO isalistoftranslationstouse:eacRhelementlookslike:2 @ 2`(logical-patternph~ysical-pattern)2 2 $`whereeac~hpatternisa lenamestringwithwildcards.Omittedcompo-2 $ Z`nentsdefaultto*(:WILD).2 Z oKTheOtranslationsO namestringforaLambRdadirectorycanbespeci edineither2 o %KofRtw~ow~ays:2 %2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR672 O2 O2  w @1.2 @YEnclosedinless-thanandgreater-thanc~haracters,forexample:O ""2 v =O 2.2 =YWiththeusualsemi-colonsux,forexample:O "O directory;O "2 = ;aO Thedistributedexample leO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O illustratesthepropersyn-2 ; qataxforO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostO .SeeFigure16,Rpage67,foralistingofthe2 q 'afullexample.2 '  K hAS spO;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Package:USER;Base:10;Readtable:CL;Fonts:(CPTFONTB)} s %p-*-} %  p;;;DefinesthetranslationsfortheSYSlogicalhost.+Otherlogicalhosts}  ;p;;;canbedefinedthesameway.} ; p(fs:set-logical-pathname-host"SYS"}  P:physical-host"LAMA";theactualcomputerwherethesourcesarestored.} P ;;Alistofpairs,whichmatchcomponentsoflogicalpathnameand}  4;;translatethemtophysicalpathnames.} 4 e:translations'(("CHAOS;""")} e x("SITE;""")}  Ix("*;*;*;""")} I {x("*;*;""")} { -x("*;""")))} -  O Figure16.O ExampleofSYS.TRANSLA{TIONS}   AS2  DaNotethatO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostO canbeusedelsewheretode neotherlog-2 D zaicalpathnamehosts.#AtRypicalusageistocreatelogicalpathnamesforyour2 z 0aownRsoftw~aresystemhierarc~hies.F|orexample:2 0 \;O (fs:set-logical-pathname-host2 \ o"PROGRAMS"2  @o:physical-host"MYHOST"2 @ ro:translations'(("CODE;"4"PROGRAMS.PROGRAMS-CODE;")2 r $("TESTS;""PROGRAMS.CURRENT-TESTS;")2 $ U("FILES;""PROGRAMS;")2 U ("*;""PROGRAMS.*;")2  9("*;*;"N"PROGRAMS.*;*")2 9 k("*;*;*;""PROGRAMS.*.*.;")))2 k2 w [[U2  O5O 68RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O9.4.2#UsingtheSampleSiteFiles2 @2 @ 2KO IfyRouareinstallingRelease4softwareonyour rstLambdasystem,youwill2 2 hKneed tostart with theset of samplesite les proRvided with Release 4.F{ollowthe2 h KproRcedureforrestoringtheoptionstapedocumenRtedintheOLambda4.0LISP2  TKReleaseNotesO .RestoreOonlyO thecustomersite les,donotattempttorestore2 T  Kan~yRsoftw~aresystems.2  |KThen,Rworkingonthesystemhost,tempRorarilyde neO "O SYS:SITE;O "O topoin~tto2 | 2Kthesamplesite les:2 2 ^%O (si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil5"release-4.customer-site;")2 ^ \KO ARtthispointyoushouldproceedtothestepinSection9.4.4,V|erifyingAccess2 \ KtoSiteFiles,belo~w.2  K5O9.4.3#UsingPreviouslyEstablishedSiteFiles2 K2 K =KO IfyRoualreadyhaveasetofsite lesforyournetwork,whenyoubootwiththe2 = sKRelease4distributionbandyRoumustrede neO "O SYS:SITE;O "O topointtoyoursite2 s )K ledirectory|.2 ) KIfyoursite lesareloRcatedonthelocalmacRhine,executethefollowing:2  G%O (si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil"directory-name;")2 G EKO whereO directory-name;O shouldbe lledinwiththeactualnameofyoursite le2 E {Kdirectory|.2 { mKO BesurR}etorememberO thesemi-coloninthedirectoryspeci cation,anddonot2 m #Kincludeahostpre x.2 #2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR692 O2 O2  w @aIfthesite lesareloRcatedonanotherLambdaChaosnethost,youcanpoint2 @ vatothemremotely|.F|orexample,assumeyRoursystemhostisaLambdanamed2 v ,aO MYHOSTO withChaosaddress3430(octal).ItconRtainsworkingsite lesinthe2 , badirectoryO "O OUR-SITE;O "O Y|ouwRouldexecutethefollowingtopointtothesesite2 b a les:2  D;O (si:set-sys-host"myhost":lispm#o3430"our-site;")2 D ~KO9.4.4#VzerifyingAccesstoSiteFiles2 ~2 ~ paO OnceyRouhavepointedtoasetofsite les,verifythatyoucanaccessthem2 p &aproperly:2 & R;O (listf"sys:site;")2 R o:2  6o:2 6 g;#2 g !KO9.4.5#Cop~yingSiteFilestoaNewDirectory2 !2 ! aO ARtthispointintheupRdateprocedure,yRoumaywishtocopyO "O SYS:SITE;O "O toa2  Ianewdirectoryonthesystemhost.2 I ;aIfyRouplanforanyreasontokeepRelease3runningonsomesystems,you2 ; qashouldcopRytheworkingsite lestoanewdirectorywhichwillbRespeci cally2 q 'aforRelease4site les.2 ' aIfyRouhaverestoredtheexamplesite les,youshouldcopythemtocreateyour2  Oaownsite ledirectory|.2 O AaT|ofollowthispartoftheprocedure,O makesurR}eyouareworkingonthesystem2 A wahostO .Allexamplesbelowarebasedonthisassumption.2 w iaY|oushouldselectanameforyRournewsite ledirectorywhichwillclearly2 i aindicate itspurpose.Itiscon~ventionaltoformthedirectorynamebRy combining2  UaashortnameforyourorganizationwiththesuxO "O -SITEO "O .2 U GaIf,forRexample,youw~anttoestablishthesiteleveldirectoryO "O OUR-SITE;O "O y~ou2 G }awRouldexecutethefollowing:2 }2 w [[U2  O5O 70RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @%O ;;Tocopytheexampleoroldsitefiles:2 @ $%(fs:copy-directory"sys:site;*.*#>""lm:our-site;")2 $ %;;Topointtothenewsitefiledirectory:2  k%(si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil"our-site;")2 k O%;;Toverifythatyoucanaccessthenewdirectory:2 O 2%(listf"sys:site;")2 2 1KO Y|ouarenoRwreadytocustomizeyoursite lesforRelease4asdescribedearlier2 1 gKinthischapter.2 g 15O9.4.6#EditingSiteFiles2 12 1 #KO Themostdirectw~aytomakRechangestoyoursite lesistoeditthe lesdirectly2 # YKwithZMacs.Y|oucanusethedirectoryeditortoobtainalistingofthesite le2 Y Kdirectorybyexecuting2  ;%O (dired"sys:site;*.*#>")2 ; 9KO Figure17,page70illustratesaDIREDdisplayforthesamplesite les.2 9 5 AS pODJ:RELEASE-4.CUSTOMER-SITE;*.*#>g  @pFree=28872,Reserved=579,Used=167549(38pagesusedinRELEASE-4.CUSTOMER-g @ rpSITE;)g r #sHOSTS.TEXTm#1B4B3682(8)03/19/8623:06:50DPWg # UsHSTTBL.LISPX#1B4B3204(8)04/13/8620:59:43Ddgg U sHSTTBL.QFASLB#1B3B1448(16)m04/13/8621:00:44Ddgg  9sLMLOCS.LISPX#1B3B2372(8)03/19/8623:13:15DPWg 9 ksLMLOCS.QFASLB#1B2X516(16)m04/13/8621:00:34Ddgg k sSITE.LISP#3B3B2199(8),!A07/29/8806:54:23DRGg  NsSITE.QFASLm#3B2X706(16)R!A07/29/8806:54:55DRGg N sSYS.TRANSLATIONSR#1A1W566(8)W03/19/8623:22:18DPWg yCO Figure17.O DIREDdispla~yonsamplesite ledirectoryg y AS2  AKT|oeditaparticular le,pRositionthecursorontheassociateddisplaylineand2 A wKpressO\E"O .MakReyourchangestoeach leasdescribedearlierinthischapter.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR712 O2 O2  w @aBesuretosa~v~eReac~h lewithO CTRL-XCTRL-SO .ReturntotheDireddisplayby2 @ vapressingO CTRL-META-LO .2 v haAlternativRely|,theSiteEditorprogram(providedontheO\Release4Options2 h aT|apRe"O )canbeusedtomaintainthesite les.TheSiteEditorisdocumentedin2  TatheOSiteEditorMan~ualO .2 T FaIfyouareupRdatingasetofRelease3site les,besuretoreviewFigure5,2 F |apage20,forac~heck-listofcRhangesthatmustbemade.2 | naHere is a summary of the kinds of changes that are usually required to customize2 n $asite lesforaparticularnetw~ork:2 $ 3&O2 3YO Add/delete/modify hosts (names, addresses, attributes) in O "O HOSTS.TEXTO "2 3 z&O2 zYO Add/delete/modifyglobalsiteoptionsinO "O SITE.LISPO "2 z @&O2 @YO Add/delete/moRdify LISP machine locations and options in O "O LMLOCS.LISPO "2 @ &O2 YO MoRdifythede nitionoftheO "O SYSO "O logicalhostandtranslationstopoint2  =YtoyRourownsite ledirectoryandtheRelease4sourcedirectories.2 = uKO9.4.7#RecompilingSiteFiles2 u2 u gaO AftereditingandsaRvingyoursite les,theymustberecompiled.T|orecompile2 g aallthe les,execute:2  I;O (make-system'site:recompile2 I {:noconfirm2 { -:no-reload-system-declaration)2 - +aO Later,ifyRoumakefurtherchangesinjustoneortwo les,youcancompile2 + aaonlythemodi ed lesbyusingtheoptionO :compileO insteadofO :recompileO .!F{or2 a aexample:2  C;O (make-system'site:compile2 C u:noconfirm2 u ':no-reload-system-declaration)2 '2 w [[U2  O5O 72RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O9.4.8#UpdatingSiteCon gurationInformation2 @2 @ 2KO Bydefault,O (makRe-system'site)O loadsthesite les.Butyoumayloadthemat2 2 hKanRytimebyexecuting:2 h %O (update-site-configuration-info)2  6O F|unction2 62 6KO update-site-con guration-info2 6 l`O LoadsthecurrenRtsite les(asspeci edbythecurrenttranslationfor2 l "`O "O SYS:SITE;O "O )inRtotherunningLISPenvironment.2 " k5O9.5*UpdatingSiteFiles-Summary2 k2 k ]KO BeginbRyestablishingthelogical\SYS"hostwhereyourinitialsite lesare2 ] Klocated.Thesite lesyRouuseinitiallyareeitheryourexistingcustom les,or2  IKtheexamplesite lesrestoredfromtheO\Release4OptionsT|ape"O .UseO si:set-2 I Ksys-hostO (seepage65).2  qKY|oumaRyneedtocopytheoldsite lestoyourowndirectory|,andthenuse2 q 'KO si:set-sys-hostO topoin~ttothenewdirectory|.(SeeSection9.4.5.)2 ' KUseZMacsortheSiteEditortomakRethedesiredchanges{addhosts,printers,2  OKandothersiteoptions.(Seetheearlysectionsofthisc~hapterforinformationon2 O Ksite leen~tries.)2  wKExecutethefollo~wingtoprocessthesite les:2 w #%O (make-system'site:recompile2 # Uy:noconfirm2 U y:no-reload-system-declaration)2  KO ThistranslatesO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O andcompilesO "O HSTTBL.LISPO "O ,O "O SITE.LISPO "O ,2  ;KandO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O .RItthenloadsthecorrespondingO "O .QF{ASLO "O les.Thenit2 ; qKloadsRO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O .Finally|,itperformsv}arioussiteinitializations.2 q cKEvRerytimeyouchangeanyofthesourcesite les,youshouldexecuteO (make-2 c Ksystem 'site) O with either the O :compile O or O :recompile O keyword.WhenR y~oujustw~ant2  OKtoloadsiteinformation,runO (update-site-con guration-info)O .2 O AKThefolloRwingisanexampleofhowtorecompile,load,andtestupdatedsite2 A wK les:2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR732 O2 O2  w r;O ;;Recompileandloadsitefiles:2 r $U(make-system'site:recompile2 $ V):noconfirm2 V ):no-reload-system-declaration)2  9UGeneratinghosttablefromSYS:CHAOS;HOSTSTEXT>2 9 kUCompilingSYS:SITE;SITELISP>2 k UCompilingSYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISP>2  OUCompilingSYS:SITE;HSTTBLLISP>2 O 2;;;MakesureSYS.TRANSLATIONSpointstotherightsitefiles!2 2 dU(listf"sys:site;")2 d o:2  z;;;MakesureyoucancontactallavailableChaoshosts:2 z +U(hostat)2 + ]USiteNName/StatusSubnet...2 ] U3701NOurLambda4...2  Ao:2 A %;;;TrycontactingaremoteTCPhost-askforanechofeedback:2 % VU(icmp:ping'myvax:echo"testing")2 V U62  :U("testing")2 : kKO9.5.1#Sa~vingaBandwithSiteInformation2 k2 k ]aO OnceyRouaresatis edthatyournewsite lesarecompletelyaccurate,you2 ] ashouldRsaveanewRelease4bandwithv}alidsiteinformation.Y|oushouldalso2  Iasa~ve an up-to-date band on evRery Lambda on your network.Then, every Lambda2 I aproRcessorwillbeabletobootwithup-to-datesiteinformation.2  qaTheproRcedureinthenextsectionbeloRwexplainshowtosaveanupdatedband;2 q 'ayRoushouldalwaysdothisonthesystemhost.2 ' aOnanet~workwithmRultipleLambdas,youmayuseeitheroftwoalternative2  OaproRceduresforpropagatingtheupdatedbandtoothersystems:2 O \1.2 \YCopRytheupdatedbandandcurrentmicrocodetoeachsystem;or2 \ !2.2 !YSa~veanupdatedbandoneacRhmachineseparately{.2 ! aThisisanimportanRtchoicefortheLambdasystemadministrator.Ifitisim-2  UaportanRttohaveallusersworkingwiththesamesoftware,itisprobablyeasier2 U atomainRtainjustoneloadbandandcopyiteachtimeitchanges;thisprovidesa2 AacentralRpoin~tofcontrolandensuresconsistencyamongtheLambdas.How~ev~er,2 A waifthesoftw~areon evRery systemismaintainedseparately|,and/orv}arioussystems2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 74RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @Kneeddi erenRtcustomizedoroptionalsoftware,itmaybeeasiertocustomizea2 @ vKbandforeacRhmachine.2 v hKUsetheproRcedureinSection9.5.1.1,bothforcreatingamasterband,andif2 h KyouareupRdatingbandsseparately|,toupdatetheothersystems.Theprocedure2  TKinSection9.5.1.2describeshoRwtocopyamasterbandandmicrocodefromthe2 T  Ksystemhosttoaremotesystem.2  >K VA> y 6A `~! JO Note:%O ifyRouareupgradingfromRelease3toRelease4,andifyouare J runningTCP/IP(butnotChaosnet)ontheRelease3systems,yRoumayneed  5touseaspRecialproceduretocopyloadbandsforthe rsttime.SeeSection 5 k7.2.4,DISKServRer,forinformationoncommunicatingbetweenRelease3and k !Release3DISKservers. ! 6,A `~! } 6 >A> y2 >2 > $5O9.5.1.1"Sa~v~eanUpdatedBandtoDisk2 $2 $ KO First,RboottheLambdawithRelease4.2  VK bA> y MA k~ WO Don{'tpr~essthatOh| 6A W ZO SYSTEM W W dA W W WOiO key."O Y|oushouldnotbringupanRywindows{not W  evRentheeditor{whenyouaresavingabandtodisk;windowswilladd  CsubstanRtiallytothesizeofthesavedband,andthereforetothetimerequired C ytoRbootthesystem.'Alltheworkofdisk-sa~vingshouldbedonefromthe y /initialLispListenerwindow. / M,A k~ } M VA> y2 V2 V GKLoginwithoutloadingy~ourO LISPM.INITO initialization le.F{orexample:2 G t%O (login'sitemanager"LM"t)2 t rKO Next,runO si:set-sys-hostO asbReforetopointtothenewO "O SYS:SITE;O "O directory|.2 r (KHerearetheexamplesagain:2 ( =O2 =CO (si:set-sys-hostO "O lmO "O nilnilO "O our-site;O "O )O -pRoin~tstositedirectoryonlocal2 = sCmac~hine2 s ?O2 ?CO (si:set-sys-hostO "O myhostO "O :lispm#o3430O "O our-site;O "O )O -pointstositedirec-2 ? uCtoryonremoteChaosnethost2 u AO2 ACO (si:set-sys-hostO "O myhostO "O :lispmO "O 101.0.0.10O ""O our-site;O "O )O -poin~tstosite2 A wCdirectoryonremoteTCPhost2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR752 O2 O2  w @aNext,runO (update-site-con guration-info)O toreloadthenewsite lesintothe2 @ vafreshly-bootedLISPworld.2 v Ha BA> y @A ~ 6O Note:O IfyRouwanttoinstallRelease4softwareoptions,thisisthetimeto 6 ldoit.SeetheOLambda4.0LISPReleaseNotesO forinformationoninstalling l "optionalsoftw~are. " @,A ~ @ HA> y2 H2 H :aBeforeyRousavearunningLISPworldtodisk,selectaLODbandtooverwrite.2 : paExecuteO (print-disk-label)O toseealistoftheexistingdiskpartitions.Thenex-2 p &aecutetheLISPRcommandO disk-saveO ,pro~vidingthenameofanotherLODband.2 & \aWhenprompted,con rmthatthespeci edbandistheoneyRouwanttoover-2 \ awrite.2  aThefolloRwingisanexamplesessionthatillustratesO disk-saveO .*Userinputis2  :adispla~yedO initalicsO .2 : f;O (disk-save'lo~d2)2 f ;O DoyoureallywanttoclobberpartitionLOD2onunit0()?(Yes2  J;orNo)O yes2 J -;O Thisisnow:2 - _UExperimentalSystem125.192 _ UZWEI"125.22  CUZMail"73.02 C uULocal-File75.22 u &UFile-Server24.12 & XUUnix-Interface713.02 X  UTape<24.22  <ULambda-Diag17.02 < nUMicrocode17622 n  USDUp3.142  Q;Additionalcommentforherald:O 8/9/882 Q 5;O Beginningshutdowninitializations...2 5 go:2 g ;DoyouwishtoloadLAMsymbolsforLambda?(YorN)...O Y2  JoO :2 J |;Flippinglevel2nowwillresultinbetterpaging...2 | .;Flipleveltwo?O YES2 . `oO :2 ` o:OsystemRrebootsonnewband2  CoO :2 C u;ReadingattoplevelinLispListener1.2 u ';Readinginbase10inpackageUSERwithstandardZetalispreadtable.2 '2 w [[U2  O5O 76RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KAfterRLISP rebootsonthenewband,youwillwanttospecifythatthenewband2 @ vKbReusedwhenbootinginthefuture.2 v hKF{orexample,ifyRoudisk-savedtothebandLOD2,youwouldexecute:2 h %O (set-current-band'lod2)2  M5O9.5.1.2"CopR~yinganUpdatedBandOvertheNetwork2 M2 M ?KO UsethefunctionO si:copRy-disk-partitionO (seepage95)tocopyanupdatedmaster2 ? uKbandandcurrenRtmicrocodefromthesystemhosttootherremoteLambda2 u +Khosts.2 + KF{orexample,Rworkingonthesystemhost,yRoucouldcopytheupdatedRelease2  SK4bandinpartition\LOD1"andtheRelease4microcodein\LMC1"tothe2 S  KremotehostO ANOTHERO asfollo~ws:2  5%O (si:copy-disk-partition0'lod1"another"'lod1)2 5 f%(si:copy-disk-partition0'lmc1"another"'lmc1)2 f eKO MakRe sure you select partitions on the other hosts that may be safely overwritten.2 e KItisoftenagoodideatomakReabackupofexistingbandsbeforeoverwriting2  QKthemwithnewsoftware.2 Q CKBesuretorunO set-current-bandO oneacRhsystemtomakethenewbandand2 C yKmicrocodecurrent.2 y2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR772 O2 O2  w  s;O102 s IeOperating!Procedures2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterdocumentsthenetworkingsoftwareopReratingprocedures.$Both2  5asystemmanagemen~tanduserproceduresareincludedhere.2 5 |KO10.1)SummaryofFRyunctionsandVariables2 |2 | naO The folloRwing table lists the most frequently used functions and programs related2 n $atoRnetw~orkcon guration,diagnostics,protocolselection,andinterface.These2 $ Yaitemsarediscussedindetailinthefollowingsections.2 Y EBOName2 E2 E0Type2 E2 E2 E 1BCon guration:2 12 12 1 BO net:con gure2 2 0function2 2 2  SBnet:decon gure2 S2 S0function2 S2 S2 S  Bsi:don~t-use-3com2  2  0v~ariable2  2  2  ?Bsi:don~t-use-excelan2 ?2 ?0v~ariable2 ?2 ?2 ? uBsi:set-processor-owning-ethernet2 u2 u0function2 u2 u2 u +Btcpa:*netw~ork-services*2 +2 +0v~ariable2 +2 +2 + aBtcpa:*udp-rwho-server-enabled*2 a2 a0v~ariable2 a2 a2 a Btcpa:disable-all-net~work-services2 2 0function2 2 2  MBtcpa:disable-one-net~work-service2 M2 M0function2 M2 M2 M Btcpa:enable-all-netw~ork-services2 2 0function2 2 2  9Btcpa:enable-one-network-service2 92 90function2 92 92 9 oBtcpa:set-imagen-print-options2 o2 o0function2 o2 o2 o2 w [[U2  O5O 78RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @,ODiagnostics:2 @2 @2 @ ,,O arp:addr-stat2 ,2 ,function2 ,2 ,2 , b,ethernet:exos-stats2 b2 bfunction2 b2 b2 b ,ethernet:netsp~y2 2 function2 2 2  N, nger2 N2 Nfunction2 N2 N2 N ,global:peek2 2 function2 2 2  :,icmp:ping2 :2 :function2 :2 :2 : p,ip:list-route-table2 p2 pfunction2 p2 p2 p &,net:print-int-pkt-status2 &2 &function2 &2 &2 & ,OProtocolselection:2 2 2  ~,O fs:reset- le-access2 ~2 ~function2 ~2 ~2 ~ 4,net:*netw~ork-protocols*2 42 4v~ariable2 42 42 4 j,net:with-tcp-favored2 j2 jmacro2 j2 j2 j V,OIn~terfaces:2 V2 V2 V B,O ftp:ftp2 B2 Bfunction2 B2 B2 B x,global:mail2 x2 xfunction2 x2 x2 x -,global:supdup2 -2 -function2 -2 -2 - c,kermit:telnet-h192 c2 cfunction2 c2 c2 c ,tcpa:ruptime2 2 function2 2 2  O,tcpa:rwho2 O2 Ofunction2 O2 O2 O ,telnet:telnet2 2 function2 2 2  ;,telnet:telnet-glass-tt~y2 ;2 ;function2 ;2 ;2 ; -KNet~workapplicationinRterfacessuchasO T|elnetO aredocumentedinsubsequent2 - cKchapters.GenericRin~terfacesaredescribedinChapter11.2 c UKFigure6,Rpage22,liststheLISPpacRk}agesthatcontainthenetworkingsoftware.2 U 5O10.2)Net~w~orkingFyunctions2 2  KO Thissectiondiscussesnetw~orkcon guration,diagnosis,andcontrol.2  5O10.2.1"Net~w~orkingCon gurationFzunctions2 2  w510.2.1.1#Net~w~orkStart-UpandSh~ut-Do~wn2 w2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR792 O2 O2  w \ -F|unction2 2 aO net:con gure2  6vO (Re)startRnet~workprocessesandprotocols.2 62 \ 0 W-F|unction2 W2 WaO net:decon gure2 W  vO Sh~utRdo~wnnet~workprocessesandprotocols.2  2 0 "aO net:con gure O tells the loRcal processor to use the currenRtly av}ailable set of network2 " Xaboardsandsiteinformation.BothO net:con gureO andO net:decon gureO resetTCP2 X aandUDPconnections,butnotChaosconnections.2  -F|unction2 2 aO chaos:resetO&optionalenable-p2  IvO T|urno andreinitializetheChaosnetsoftw~are.2 I vThismaRyunwedgeitifitisnotworkingproperly|.2  qvThiswillcauseallofyRourcurrentlyopRenconnectionstobeshRutdown.2 q cvSpecifyanon-NILOenable-pO to(re)enableChaosnetafterresettingthe2 c vsoft~ware.-Otherwise,y~oucancallO chaos:enable1O toturnChaosneton2  Ovagain;man~yRuser-levelfunctionsthatusethenetworkwilldothatfor2 O vy~ou.2   aTheuseofO chaos:resetO forresettingthenet~workisobsoleteformostpurposes,2  @abutitisstillav}ailableforresettingChaosconnections.2 @ E-F|unction2 E2 EaO si:set-processor-o~wning-ethernetO&optional(operation2 E {1: nd)(board:all)2 { 1vO ChangewhicRhprocessorcontrolstheEthernetboards.2 1 =@-2 =nIfthereisnoethernetboard,makResurethismachineknowsnotto2 = snuseit.2 s 7@-2 7nIftheargumenRtis:FIND(thedefault) gureoutwhoownsthe2 7 mnboardsowRecansendpacketstoit.Ifnoonecurrentlyownsit,we2 m #nallocateit.2 # f@-2 fnIftheargumenRtis:T|AKEorT,thenstealitfromtheowner.2 f *@-2 *nIftheargumentis:GIVE-UPorNIL,thendeallocateitsosomeone2 * `nelsecanha~v~eit.2 ` w aIfyRouuseO si:set-processor-owning-ethernetO toreassignbRoardallocation,callit2  Paafterdecon guringandbeforerecon guring,asfollows:2 P |;O (net:deconfigure)2 | .;(si:set-processor-owning-ethernet...)2 . _;(net:configure)2 _2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 80RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KIfyRoureassignboards,youmustpRerformthisprocedureonOallO theprocessorsin2 @ vKthechassis.2 v ,5O10.2.1.2#ProtocolSelection2 ,2 , 6MO Macro2 62 6KO net:with-tcp-fav~oredO&bodybody2 6 l`O ExecuteaObodyO ofcoRdeusinganet~workprotocolorderingthatfavors2 l "`O :INTERNETO .2 " `F|orexample:2  @:O (net:with-tcp-favored2 @ ro(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod2"it"'lod3))2 r |MO Macro2 |2 |KO fs:with-ftp-access-onlyO&restbody2 | 2`O ExecuteaObodyO ofcodewithonlyTCP/FTPaccesspathsde ned.Y{ou2 2 h`shouldcallO fs:reset- le-accessO beforecallingthis.2 h qF|unction2 q2 qKO fs:reset- le-accessO&optionalhosts av~or2 q '`O ResetknoRwn leaccesspathmethodsforeachnetworkhost,orjustfor2 ' ]`speci edOhostsO .2 ] O`The pRer-host access path list is initialized to O NILO , unless O avor O is speci ed,2 O `inwhicRhcaseitisusedastheinitialaccess avor.Appropriate avors2  ;`are:2 ; J*-2 JXO fs:ftp-accessO (forTCP/FTPhosts)2 J *-2 XO fs:q le-accessO (forChaosnethosts)2  V*-2 VXO fs:lispm-q le-accessO (forChaosnetLISPmachinehosts)2 V _KAsRnet~work le-systemfunctionscomm~unicatewithremotehosts,thenames2 _ Kofappropriateaccess av~orareassoRciatedwiththecorrespondinghostobjects.2  KKO fs:reset- le-accessO causestheseaccess avorstobe\forgotten";thisisuseful,2 K Kforexample,RinconjunctionwithO fs:with-ftp-access-onlyO ,whereitisdesirableto2  7Kforcetheuseofaparticularaccessmethod.2 7 m5O10.2.1.3#EnablingTCPServices2 m2 m wO F|unction2 w2 wKO tcpa:disable-all-net~w~ork-services2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR812 O2 O2  w @-F|unction2 @2 @aO tcpa:disable-one-net~work-serviceOservice2 @ v-O F|unction2 v2 vaO tcpa:enable-all-netw~ork-servicesO&optionalalso-do-non-2 v ,1auto-enable?2 , b-O F|unction2 b2 baO tcpa:enable-one-net~work-serviceOservice2 b vO Disableall,oronespeci c,netw~orkservice.2  Nv(Re)enableall,oronespeci c,net~workservice.2 N @vThev}arianRtsthattakeaOserviceO argumentexpectoneofthev}ariables2 @ vvcorrespRondingtospeci cservices.Thenamesofthesev}ariablesarecon-2 v ,vtainedinthelistO tcpa:*network-services*O (seepage85).2 , eKO10.2.1.4#EnablingChaosnetServices2 e2 e p-O F|unction2 p2 paO si:enable-servicesO&restservices2 p &-O F|unction2 &2 &aO si:disable-servicesO&restservices2 & \vO AlloRwtheLambdatoprovideorrefuse(Chaosnet)services.TheOservices2 \ vO argumenRtiscurrentlyignored(allservicesarea ected),butisprovided2  Hvforfutureenhancements.2 H SaThefunctionsO si:enable-servicesO andO si:disable-servicesO eachrunacorresponding2 S  ainitializationlist:2  8V|ariable2 2 aO si:enable-services-initialization-list2  J8O V|ariable2 J2 JaO si:disable-services-initialization-list2 J aO Net~workmanagersmaRyaddfunctionstotheselistsbyusingthefunctionO add-2  OainitializationsO .Notethatthesystemneitherenablesnordisablesservicesunder2 O aautomaticconRtrol;thesefunctionsmustbeexecutedmanuallyorasprovidedby2  ;asystemmanagemen~t.2 ; tKO10.2.2"Net~w~orkingDiagnosticF{unctions2 t2 t -O F|unction2 2 aO hostatO&resthosts2  5vO Prin~tsstatusinformationfromthespeci edChaosnetOhostsO .IfnoOhosts2 5 kvO arespReci ed,allkno~wnhostsarepolled.2 k ]vTheinformationprinRtedincludeseachhost'saddress,prettyname,and2 ] vtheRnum~berofpacketsinputandoutputfrom/tothathost.2  vHostsmaybRespeci edbynameorChaosaddress.2  wvExamples:2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 82RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w r:O (hostat)2 r $:(hostat'lama'lamb)2 $ V:(hostat#o3430)2 V T`O Hostatcanalsobeinvok~edfromPReek,orbytypingOh| 4AU T WO TERMINAL T T aAU T T TNOiO HO .2 T ZF|unction2 Z2 ZKO tcpa:ruptime2 Z O F|unction2 2 KO tcpa:rwho2  E`O TheseRt~wofunctionsreportthestatusofInternethostsbroadcastingin2 E {`accordancewiththeO rwhoO /O ruptimeO protocol.2 { m`F|oreacRhhost,O ruptimeO listshowlongithasbeenup(\uptime").Some2 m #`O ruptimeO servRersalsoreportthenumberofusersthatareloggedin.Some2 # Y`servRersalsoreportaverageloadstatistics(suchashowmany\jobs"have2 Y `wan~tedtorun).2  `O rwhoO listsinformationonthelogged-inuser(s)ateac~hremotehost,in-2  7`cludingwhatterminaltheyareusing,Rthetimetheyloggedin,andhow2 7 m`longtheirterminalhasbeenidle.2 m sF|unction2 s2 sKO icmp:pingOhost&optional(operation:echo)(datanil)2 s )`O pingO requestsanICMPEcho,RInformationRequest,AddressMask,or2 ) _`TimestampfromaremoteInRternethost.V|alidOoperationO argumentsare,2 _ `respectiv~ely{,O :echoO ,O :infoO ,O :address-maskO ,andO :timestampO .2  `ThisfunctionpassesthespReci edOhostO anICMPrequestcorresponding2  <`toOopRerationO ,passingOdataO ifspeci ed.2 < .`O pingO returnstwov}alues."IfananswRerwasreceived,anintegerv}alueis2 . d`returnedrepresentingtherespRonsetimeinclock-ticks(60persecond).2 d `Iftheremotehostdidnotanswer,NILRisreturned.AO NILO resultcould2  P`meanoneoft~wothings:2 P ]1.2 ]XTheremotehostisnotaccessible(notconnectedtothenet~work),2 ] Xor2  V2.2 VXTheremotehostdoResnotrespondto\Ping"requests.2 V U`Thesecondv}alue(possiblyNIL)represenRtsanydatareceivedfromthe2 U `remotehost.2 }`F|orexample:2 }2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR832 O2 O2  w @PO (icmp:ping'myvax:echo"areyouthere")2 @ rP62 r $P("areyouthere")2 $ )-O F|unction2 )2 )aO net:prin~t-int-pkt-statusO&optionalprint-all2 ) _vO ThisfunctionprinRtsthestatusofpacketstobehandledatinterruptlevel2 _ vbRytheLambRdamicrocode.2  vA xedarraRyofpacketbu ersiscon guredbythesystem.Eachpacket2  =vbu eriseitheronthe\free-list"(av}ailableforuse),the\transmit-list"2 = sv(wRaitingtobetransmitted),orthe\receive-list"(receivedbutnotyet2 s )vdispatc~hed).2 ) vWithnoargumenRt,O net:print-int-pkt-statusO liststhenumberoffree,trans-2  Pvmit,andreceivRepackets.IfOprint-all O is non-NIL, thefunction displaysthe2 P vprotoRcolandstatusforeac~hallocatedpac~k~etbu er.2   -F|unction2  2  aO ethernet:exos-statsO&k~eyreset-p2  AvO ThisfunctionprinRtsExosstatisticscollectedbytheExcelanhardware2 A wvinterface.IfOreset-pO isnon-NIL,thecollectedstatisticsarereset.2 w ivExosstatisticsaresuppRortedb~ytheExcelanboardonly|.2 i n-F|unction2 n2 naO ethernet:netspyO&kReyformat-streampeek-leveltypesnot-2 n $1typessourcesdestinationss-or-d2 $ ZvO ThisfunctionloRoksatallethernetpacketsseenb~ytheExcelanboard.2 Z LvOutput is directed to Oformat-stream O unless it is O NILO , in which case a dot is2 L vPRINCedforeacRhpacket;useO 'si:null-streamO todisplaynooutputexcept2  8vEX~OS-ST|A|TS.2 8 *vOpeek-levelRO con~trolslev~elofpeekingatpack~ets:2 * 6@-2 6nIfNIL,justshoRwpackettypeandlength;2 6 y@-2 ynIfnon-NIL,alsoshowdestinationandsource;2 y =@-2 =nIf a n~um~ber O nO ,also shoRw O n O datacharactersboth as hex andas chars;2 = @-2 nIfalist,(e.g.!IPR|,UDP,TCP,dataN),interpretselectedheaders2  7nandNdatac~haracters.2 7 5vARpac~k~etwillbeselectedifitsatis estheANDofthefollo~wingspeci -2 5 kvcations:2 k w@-2 wnOtRypesO isalistofethernettypRestobeaccepted.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 84RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @*-2 @XOnot-tRypesO isalistofethernettypRestoberejected.2 @  *-2  XOsourcesO isalistofethernetsourceaddressestobeaccepted.2  V*-2 VXOdestinationsO isalistofethernetdestinationaddressestobeac-2 V  Xcepted.2  V*-2 VXOs-or-dO isalistofethernetaddressestobeacceptedeitherassource2 V  Xordestination.2   `O netspRyO runsuntilOh| jA  O ABORT%  %  A%  %  )  }OiO ispressed.PressanycharactertoseeEXOS-2  A`ST|A|TS,presscRharacter\R"toresetEXOS-ST{A|TS.2 A TF|unction2 T2 TKO ip:list-route-table2 T  `O ThisfunctiondisplaRysIProutinginformation,includingthegateways2  @`andinRterfaces,forallknownnetworks.2 @ SF|unction2 S2 SKO arp:addr-stat2 S  `O Thisfunctiondispla~ysEthernetaddresstranslations(fromChaosnetor2  ?`InRternet)foreachhost.2 ? 5O10.3)Net~w~orkRCon}trolVyariables2 2  "O V|ariable2 2 KO net:*net~w~ork-protocols*O '(:CHA~OS:INTERNET)2  Q`Thisisalistofk~eyw~ordscorrespondingtoaRv}ailablenetworkprotocols2 Q `andthepreferredorderofusage.#Bydefault,thesystemwill\prefer"2  =`ChaosnetRoverTCP/IP|.2 = /`Ingeneral,thisv}ariableshouldnotbemanipulated;!usethemacro2 / e`O net:with-tcp-favoredO (seepage80)instead.2 e W`InsomeconRtexts,manipulatingthisliste ectivelycandeterminewhat2 W `protoRcol is used, but this does not wRork with all networking functions.See2 C`O fs:reset- le-accessO (seepage80)forinformationonspecifyingTCP/FTP2 C y` leaccess.2 y "V|ariable2 2 KO si:don~t-use-3comO NIL2 B`Whenthisv~ariableisnon-NIL,callstoO si:set-processor-owning-ethernet2 B x`O (seepage79)willignore(orrelinquish)the3COMboard.2 x "V|ariable2 2 KO si:don~t-use-excelanO NIL2 A`Whenthisv~ariableisnon-NIL,callstoO si:set-processor-owning-ethernet2 A w`O willignore(orrelinquish)theExcelanboard.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR852 O2 O2  w @8V|ariable2 @2 @aO tcpa:*netw~ork-services*2 @ vvO Thisv}ariableisalistofnamesofgenericserverstoenablewhenthe2 v ,vnet~workiscon gured.2 , 8aEacRhofthesymbolsinthelistO tcpa:*network-services*O correspondstoav}ariable2 8 nawhicRhde nesaspeci cnetworkservice.Theseare:2 n {8V|ariable2 {2 {aO tcpa:*tcp- nger-service*2 { 18O V|ariable2 12 1aO tcpa:*udp-time-service*2 1 g8O V|ariable2 g2 gaO tcpa:*tcp-time-service*2 g 8O V|ariable2 2 aO tcpa:*tcp-disk-service*2  S8O V|ariable2 S2 SaO tcpa:*tcp-sm~tp-service*2 S  8O V|ariable2  2  aO ftp:*tcp-ftp-service*2  ?8O V|ariable2 ?2 ?aO telnet:*tcp-telnet-service*2 ? aO These v}ariable names maRy be used in calls to O tcpa:enable-one-network-service O (see2  Eapage81)andO tcpa:disable-one-net~work-serviceO (seepage81).2 E Q8V|ariable2 Q2 QaO tcpa:*udp-rwho-serv~er-enabled*O[TorNIL]2 Q vO DetermineswhetherthismacRhinebroadcastsR{WHOpackets.)Setting2  =vthisv}ariabletoNILdisablessendingUDPO rwhoO /O ruptimeO packets.2 = KO10.4)P~eekDispla~y2 2  xaO SevReralcommandmodeswithintheO PeekO programdisplaynetworkingstatus2 x .ainformation.2 . ;-F|unction2 ;2 ;aO peekO&optionalinitial-mode2 ;  aO ThisfunctioncreatesorvisitsaPeekframe.Optionally|,theOinitial-modeO indi-2  AacateswhicRhdisplaytoshow.2 A 3aPReekisav}ailablefromasystemkey|,Oh| A 3 6O SYSTEMJ 3J 3 @AJ 3J 3N 3OiO PO .WithinPeek,selectanoption2 3 iafromthemenRuorpressakeycorrespondingtothenameofthedesiredoption.2 i 'KO10.4.1"Net~w~orkDispla~y2 '2 ' aO TheRO NetworkO commanddispla~ysstatusandstatisticalinformationoneac~hnet-2  OawRorkprotocolandinterface.2 O AaTheRprotocols,interfaces,andconnectionsaremouse-sensitive.Optionsinclude2 A waclosing,resetting,inspecting,anddescribingtheselecteditem;theseareuseful2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 86RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @Kfor debugging and/or resetting hRung connections.The level of information detail2 @ vKmaRybesetforeachstatisticsdisplay;optionsareONormalO ,OV|erboseO ,andOBriefO .2 v hKThereisusuallymorethanonefullscreentothedisplay;positionthemouse2 h KcursortothefarleftofthedisplaRyandusethescrollingbartomoveupordown2  TKwithinthedisplay|.2 T &K  A> y A ~ O W{arning:O Do not close the netw~ork interfaces,R drivers,or transpRort protocols  JfromPReek.Thiscapabilityisav}ailableonlyfordebuggingextremesituations. J UseO net:con gureO torestarttheprotocolsafterclosingdoRwnthroughO PeekO .  ,A ~ }  &A> y2 &2 & a5O10.4.2"HostatDispla~y2 a2 a SKO The O Hostat O command displaRysstatusandstatistical information for each Chaos-2 S  KnethostthatrespRondswhenpolled.ThisisthesameinformationproRvidedby2  ?KO hostatO (seepage81).2 ? z5O10.4.3"ChaosnetDispla~y2 z2 z lKO TheO ChaosnetO commanddispla~ysthestatusofopenChaosnetconnections,as2 l "KwRellasChaosnet-internal\meters"(statistics);thesearenotincludedinthe2 " XKO Net~w~orkO displa~y|.2 X JKThe rstlineineacRhgroupdisplayingaconnectionismouse-sensitive..By2 J KclicRkingonthestringO "O Connectionto...O "O ,eachconnectioncanbRedescribed,2  6Kinspected,orclosed.+Thehostnamedisplayedwitheachconnectionisalso2 6 lKmouse-sensitive;clic~kingonahostbringsupamenuwithoptionsincluding2 l "KO hostatO andO qsendO .2 " h5O10.5)ProcessRun-States2 h2 h ZKO ThissectiondescribResprocessrun-statesthatmaybeseenontheWho-Lineor2 Z KreportedbRyPeek.Sometimesaconditionindicatedbyanabnormalrun-state2  FKcanberecoveredRbyexecutingO net:con gureO (seepage79).2 F UKO TCPRSoc~ketI/O2 U2 U2 U ;O Thisrun-stateindicatesthatasocket-levelTCP/IPconnectionhas2 A;bReenestablished.Itwillappearduringbothinput(listen,reply)and2 A w;output.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR872 O2 O2  w @aO TCPServiceLock2 @2 @2 @ vQO Thisrun-statemaRyappearwhenaTCPfunctionentersaprocess2 v ,Qwaitstate.IfthefunctiondoResnotreturn,itmeansthataloc~khas2 , bQbeenRusurped,andtheprocessloc~kingtheservicemaybehung.This2 b QmayoRccurifprotocolsordriv~ersareclosedabnormally|.2  _aO TCPServR~erLock2 _2 _2 _ QO Similarto \TCPService LocRk",this run-statemayappear while run-2  KQningafunctionthatcommRunicatesdirectlywithanetworkserver2 K QproRcess.Ifsuchafunctiondoesnotreturn,itmeansthatalockhas2  7QbeenRusurped,andtheprocessloc~kingtheserv~ermaybeh~ung,or2 7 lQtheservReritselfmaybehung.2 l 3aO NetConnect2 32 32 3 iQO Thisrun-stateappearswhenaChaosnetfunctionisattemptingto2 i QmakReaninitialconnectiontoacontact(server)onaparticularhost.2  UQAprocessthathangsinthisstateindicatesthataphysicalconnec-2 U  Qtioncannotbeestablished,suggestingthatthet~wohostsarenot2  AQconnectedviathephysicalEthernet.2 A aO ChaosnetFinish2 2 2  =QO Thisrun-stateappearswhenafunctionisw~aitingforallterminating2 = sQpac~k~etsonaChaosconnectiontobetransmittedandac~knowledged.2 s )QIfaprocesshangsinthisstate,itma~yindicatethattheremote2 ) _QhosthasdroppRedtheconnection,orthatthelocalconnectionw~as2 _ Qabortedatadelicatetime.PressO CTRL-Oh{ uA  O ABORTz z  "Az z  |OiO toforcetheconnec-2  KQtiontoterminate.Ifnootherconnectionsareoutstanding,youcan2 K QuseO fs:close-all- lesO toforceanyopenstreamstothisconnectionto2  7QbReclosed;alternativ~ely{,the speci cconnectioncanbeclosedinO PeekO .2 7 ~aO ChaosnetInput,BRDIn2 ~2 ~2 ~ 4QO IndicatesthatthecalleriswRaitingtoreceiveaChaosnetpacket.2 4 zaO ChaosnetW{ait2 z2 z2 z 0QO Thisprocessstateindicatesthatafunctionisw~aitingforaChaos2 0 fQconnection to change status; this will normally time out if no response2 f Qisforthcoming.2  caO PollHosts,HostatReply{,Hosttime,Uptimereply2 c2 c2 c QO These run-states are associated with Chaosnettransactionsthat wait2  OQforanRyofanumbRerofhoststorespondtoastatuspoll.2 O aO Net~w~orkBu er2 2 2  KQO IndicatesthattheinRterruptlevelpacketbu ersareallinuse.*If2 K Qfunctionshanghere,it is probablynecessarytoexecute O net:con gureO .2  7QReportRpersisten~tproblemstoGigaMos.2 72 w [[U2  O5O 88RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR892 O2 O2  w  s;O112 s IxGenericR!Net}w}orkingApplications2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterdocumentsthe\generic"networkingsoftware{thosefunctions2  5aandapplicationsthatarenotrestrictedtoaparticularnetw~orkinterface.These2 5 kaapplicationswRork withbothChaosnet orTCP/IP|,makingthemav}ailabletothe2 k !awidestpRossiblerangeofremotehosttypes.2 ! hKO11.1)FileAccess2 h2 h YaO ThetransparenRt leaccessprovidedbytheLambdasoftwareisanimportant2 Y afeatureofthenetworkingRsoft~ware.ThisdistinguishesLambdanet~workingfrom2  EasomesystemsthatrequirespecialcommandinRterfacesforeachspecializedpro-2 E {atoRcol.!OntheLam~bda,Rstandardutilitiesandinterfaces(O listfO ,O copy- leO ,O viewfO ,2 { 1aO ZMacsO ,O DiredO ,etc.)willuseChaosnetorTCP/FTPasrequired.2 1 #aTheO pathnameO scRhemeontheLambdaallowsthespReci cationofbothph~ysical2 # Yaandlogicalhosts.WithpropRerlycon gurednetw~orkinformation, lesmaybe2 Y aaccessedusingstandardpathnamemec~hanismsonremotesystemsviaeither2  EaChaosnetorTCP/IP|.2 E 7aThis section is inRtended as an overview of le access and pathnames with respect2 7 matoRnet~workingconsiderations.Theprimaryreferencesonthepathnamesystem2 m #aaretheO LISPMachineManualO andOCommonLISP-TheLanguageO .Common-2 # YaLISPandRZetaLISPde neapathnameschemethatissucien~tly exibleto2 Y aencompassawidev}arietRyofpathnameconventions.2  aBrie y|,apathnamema~ybRespeci edaseitherastringorasapathnameobject.2  7aMost userinRterface routines will accept eitherformwherea pathnameargument2 7 maisexpected.2 m _aPathname objects can bRe O made O { constructed from componenRts { by the function2 _2 w [[U2  O5O 90RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KO mak~e-pathnameO .2 @ 2KButwhenapathnameispresenRted\outofcontext",especiallywhenitisrep-2 2 hKresentedRbyastring,itmustbeOparsedO todetermineitsindividualcomponen~ts.2 h KApathnameisalwa~ysparsedandconstructedwithrespRecttothetypeofcom-2  TKputersystemindicatedbythehostportionofthepathname.Theparsingrules2 T  Kappro~ximate,asRw~ellaspossible,thenativ~epathnamesyn~taxthatapplieson2  @Ktheremotehost.2 @ 2KThev}alidnetw~orkhostsarespeci edinthesite les;seeSection9.2.5,Host2 2 hKMacRhine/SystemTypes.'V{alidhosttypesareimplementedas avorsbuilt2 h KupRontheprimaryO si:hostO t~ype.2  KAlmost all LamRbda software interfaces parse pathnames, and most do not impose2  FKanRyrestrictionsonthev}alidhostor lesystemtypes. 7O1, F3O T{oprovidecontinuity2 F |Kamongcommandsandtoa ordsomeeconomRyofexpression,utilitiesmayparse2 | 2KpathnameswithrespecttoacurrenRtsetofpathnamedefaults(suchasthemost2 2 hKrecenRtlyspeci edhost)thatareappropriatetothecurrentenvironment.2 h ZKPRathnames are generally speci ed with the host name rst, followed by the direc-2 Z Ktoryand lespeci cations.ComponentsRmaybeseparatedbyspacecharacters.2  FKTheonlystandarddelimiter,whicRhworksforallpathnametypes,isthecolon2 F |KO "O :O "O .'Ahostnameisalw~aysRfollo~wedbyacolontodistinguishitfromother2 | 2Kcomponentsofthepathname.2 2 5O11.1.1"P~athnameTypes2 2  vKO ThefolloRwingsectionsdiscussthemostcommonlyusedpathnametypes,with2 v ,KcommenRtsonparsingandrepresentationissues.2 , ~5O11.1.1.1#LISPMP~athnames2 ~2 ~ pKO LISPmacRhinepathnamessupportahierarchicaldirectorystructureandincre-2 p &KmentalRnumericv~ersionn~umbers.2 & KThis section describRe the Lam~bda and Explorer LISP macRhine pathname syntax.2  NKWherenoted,thesynRtaxofO :LMFSO (Symbolics)pathnamesdi ersslightly|.2 N5 WAX wS hO1g wg wO Animportan~texceptionisO ftp:ftpO (seepage97).g w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR912 O2 O2  w @1.2 @YWhenaLISPMpathnameisparsed,thestringcompRonen~tsarecoerced2 @ vYtouppercase.$However,whenaLISPMpathnameisconstructed(e.g.,2 v ,Yb~yRO make-pathnameO ),itispossibletocreatedistinctpathnameswithmixed2 , bYcase.Thisisnotrecommended,however.2 b )2.2 )YThe name and t~ypRe components of a LISPM pathname string are separated2 ) _YeitherbRyaperiod,or(whereambiguitywillnotresult)bywhitespace2 _ Y(blanks).F|orexample,thefollo~wing lenamespReci cationsbothindicate2  KYa lewiththenameO "O TEST2O "O oftypeO "O LISPO "O :2 K K3O "TEST2.LISP"2 K }3"TEST2LISP"2 } DO 3.2 DYThedirectorycomponen~tofaLISPMpathnamestringisdistinguished2 D zYbRyatrailingsemi-colon.*Subdirectoriesareseparatedbyperiods.*F{or2 z 0Yexample,thefollowingdirectoryspeci cationsarev}alid:2 0 03O "PROGRAMS;"2 0 b3"PROGRAMS.CODE;"2 b 3"PROGRAMS.TEST-FILES;"2  gYO SymRbolicspathnamedirectoriesareenclosedbyO ">"O characters;forexam-2 g Yple,O ">O PROGRAMSO >O CODEO >"O .2  c4.2 cYThevRersioncomponentofaLISPMpathnamestringisprecededbya2 c YpRoundsignO "O #O "O .$SymbolicsvRersionnumbersareprecededbyaperiod,2  OYandthereforemRustimmediatelyfollowthenameandtype.2 O YPRathnames can refer explicitly to version numbers;each succeeding version2  LYn~umbergenerallyindicatesanewRerversionofa le.2 L YThecRharacterO ">"O isparsedtoindicatethe\newest",Rorhighest,version2  HYofa le.T|oconstructapathnameindicatingthehighestversion,specify2 H ~YtheRk~eyw~ordsO :version:newestO toO make-pathnameO .Similarly|,thec~haracter2 ~ 4YO "<"O indicatesthe\oldest",Rorlo~west,versionofa le;thecorresponding2 4 jYkeywordO :oldestO canbeusedwhenconstructingapathname.2 j 15.2 1YTheonlysupportedwild-cardcRharacterisO "O *O "O ,whichmatchesasingle2 1 gYcomponenRt: a lename,type,version,directoryR|,orsubdirectory.$Note2 g Ythatmost leopRerationsdonotsupportLambdapathnameswithwild-2  SYcardeddirectorycomponents.2 S YInsomecontexts,particularlyincommandsthatexpectadirectoryas2  OYaminimalspReci cation,omittedcomponen~tsareconsideredtobewild-2 O Ycarded.2  L6.2 LYThecRharacterO "~"O isparsedtoindicatetheOrootO (top-level)directory|.F{or2 L YLam~bdas,thisRworksinsituationswherewild-cardingthetop-leveldirec-2  8Ytorynamewillnot.2 82 w [[U2  O5O 92RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KThefolloRwingexamplesillustratethesebasicconventionsofLISPMpathnames:2 @  p%O(pathname"MYHOST:PROGRAMS;TEST2.LISP")A;FileTEST2,aLISPsource,2 p "d;unspecifiedversion2 " T%(pathname"MYHOST:PROGRAMS;TEST2.LISP"),;Sameasabove2 T %(pathname"myhost:programs;test2.lisp"),;Sameasabove,getsconverted2  8d;toupper-case2 8 j%(pathname"myhost:programs;test2.lisp#3");Specifically,version32 j %(pathname"myhost:programs;test2.lisp#>");Highestversionthatexists2 2  J 5%(listf"myhost:programs;test.*")Z;Listallfileswith2 5 gd;nameTESTinPROGRAMS2 g %(listf"myhost:programs;*.LISP")Z;Listallfilesof2  Jd;typeLISPinPROGRAMS2 J2 J + d%(listf"myhost:programs;*.*#*")p;Listallfilesofany2 d d;type/versioninPROGRAMS2  H%(listf"myhost:programs;*.*");Sameasabove2 H y%(listf"myhost:programs;*")G;Sameasabove2 y +%(listf"myhost:programs;")s;Sameasabove2 +2 + w E%(listf"myhost:~;") ;Listalltop-leveldirectories2 E w%(listf"myhost:*;")!;Thisdoesn'twork2 w2 w  5O11.1.1.2#UnixP~athnames2  2  0~O 1.2 0CLISP has some knoRwledge of Unix le typRes, and does not require Unix les2 0 fCtoRha~v~eextensions.Becareful,how~ever:whencurrentpathnamedefaults2 f Cincludea leextension,itwillbeassumedbydefaultforaUnix lename.2  RCF{orexample,someeditorcommandswillappendaO "O .lO "O extensionwhen2 R Cdispla~yingadefaultpathnameforacommand.2  P~2.2 PCTheUnixwild-cardsO "O *O "O andO "O ?O "O aresupported..The\directoryup"2 P CtokRenO "O ..O "O alsoworks."Othercharacterswhichhavespecialmeaningsin2  <CUnixshells,sucRhasO "~"O ,arenotunderstoodassuchbyLISP|.2 < ~3.2 CInZetaLISPsynRtax,theOslashcharacterO "O /O "O isusedasthe\character2  ;Cquote". Asaresult,itisnecessarytospecifytheO "O /O "O twicewhereUnix2 ; qCrequiresitonce.InCommonLISPsyntaxthisdouble-quotingisnotnec-2 q 'Cessary|.F|orexample:2 '2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR932 O2 O2  w @3O InZetaLISP:"unix-a://etc//rc2"2 @ r3InCommonLISP:O"unix-a:/etc/rc2"2 r 6O 4.2 6YUnix pathname speci cations that are intended to apply to a directory|, but2 6 lYnot to the directory Oas a leO , mRust generally have a O "O /O " O character appended.2 l "YF{orexample,O (listfO "O unix-a:/usr/k~eithO "O )willlistthepresenceofthedirec-2 " XYtory leO "O kReithO "O ,butwillnotlistthe lescontainedinthatdirectory|.The2 X YcorrectspReci cationinthisinstancewouldbeO "O unix-a:/usr/keith/O "O ,whic~h2  DYLISPparsesinRtothewild-cardedspeci cationO "O unix-a:/usr/keith/*O "O .2 D  5.2  YUnixpathnamesarenotparsedontheLambRdawithrespecttoacurrent2  >Y\w~orkingdirectory",RasintheUnixshells.Instead,thecurrentpathname2 > tYdefaultsareappliedasneeded,andtheymaRychangefromonecontext2 t *Ytoanother.Y{oushouldspecifydirectoriescompletely(fromtheO "O /O "O le-2 * `YsystemlevRel)unlessyouarecertainofthecurrentpathnamedefaults.2 ` KO11.1.1.3#VMSP~athnames2 2  aO VMSpathnamesareparsedinaccordancewithVMSV|ersion4rules.2  taJustlikRethehostname component,the disk/device portion ofaVMS pathname2 t *amRustbefollowedbyacolon.-Thiscreatesapotentialforambiguity;when2 * `aspRecifyingaVMSdiskdevice,alwaysspecifythehost,andk~eeptheminproper2 ` aorder,thatis,O host:device:O .2  aItispRossibletospecify|,Rinthesite les,adefaultdeviceforeachVMSsystem;2  >athis will sa~v~e some tRyping and possibly prevent confusion.The default device for2 > taaforeignhostisspeci edbRythesiteoptionO :HOST-DEF{AUL|T-DEVICE-ALIST2 t *aO (seepage61).2 * aF{orexample:2  HoO :2 H y;(:HOST-DEFAULT-DEVICE-ALIST'(("LMI-VAX"."USER_DISK")))2 y +o:2 + *aO GivRenthissiteentry|,Rpathnameson\LMI-V{AX"will,bydefault,includethe2 * `a(logical)device \USERO _O DISK".Herearetw~oexamples ofVMS pathnames, rst2 ` awithdefaultedandsecondwithexplicitdevices:2  w ;O (pathname"lmi-vax:[keith]foo.com;")2  P;#2 P 3;(pathname"lmi-vax:dba0:[system]sysexe.exe;*")2 3 e;#2 e2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 94RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O11.1.2"SpecifyinganUnkno~wnHost2 @2 @ 2KO UnknoRwn hosts are handled very di erently when OparsingO , as opposed to OmakingO ,2 2 hKapathname.2 h ZKAsonemighRtexpect,O make-pathameO signalsanerrorwhenitispassedanun-2 Z KknoRwnhostcomponent.2  KOntheotherhand,parsing functions sucRhasO fs:parse-pathnameO interpretinv}alid2  8Khostnamesasdevicespeci cations.Inthiscase,aparsedpathnameisreturned2 8 nKwhicRhincludesahosttakenfromthecurrentdefaults,andadevicespeci cation2 n $KtakRenfromtheintendedhost.2 $ KF{orexample:2  B%O ;;Makingapathnamewithanunknownhost:2 B &%(make-pathname:host"bogus-host"2 & W-:directory"TEMP":name:wild:type:lisp)2 W  %>>ERROR:"bogus-host"isnotthenameofaknownfilehost...2  m%;;Parsinganunknownhost:2 m Q%(pathname"bogus-host:temp;*.lisp")2 Q %#2  KO Sinceprogramsshouldbewrittensoastoprev~entthiskindofconfusion,pro-2  7Kgrammersshouldkeephostnamesseparatefrom lenamespeci cations.Then,2 7 mKO makRe-pathnameO canbecalledtoconstructeachdesiredpathname,andanerror2 m #Kwillbesignalledintheeven~tofanunknownhost.2 # i5O11.2)DISKFzunctions2 i2 i [KO TheDISKRprotocolsofChaosnetandTCParepro~videdtosupportremotedisk2 [ KaccessthroughfunctionssucRhasO print-disk-labelO andO si:copy-disk-partitionO .This2  GKprotoRcolissupportedonlybet~weenLambdas.2 G 9KTheOunitO argumenRt(s)takenbythesefunctionsallowstheusertospecifya2 9 oKparticulardiskunitontheloRcalsystemoraremotehost.Adiskunitcanbe2 o %KspReci edaseitheranum~berorastring.Anumber(0or1)isinterpretedasa2 % [KdiskunitontheloRcalsystem;astringspeci esahostnameand,optionally{,a2 [ Kdiskunitontheremotesystem.2 2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR952 O2 O2  w @aLocaldiskunit0isthemaindisk;thisisthedefaultinmostcases.Onsystems2 @ vawithdual-diskcon gurationstheseconddiskisconsideredunit1.2 v haThefolloRwingfunctionsprovideremoteDISKaccess:2 h -F|unction2 2 aO si:copy-disk-partitionOfrom-unitfrom-partto-unitto-part2  G1&optional&kRey(pages-at-a-time(minpage-rqb-size85))(ver-2 G }1boset)(starting-hRundred0)whole-thing-pdelay2 } 3vO CopRypartitionFROM-P|AR|TonFROM-UNITtopartitionTO-P|AR|T2 3 ivonTO-UNIT.2 i [vHerearesomeexamples:2 [ PO ;Copyonmaindisk2  jP(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod10'lod3)2 j NP;Copyto2nddisk2 N 1P(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod11'sav1)2 1 P;CopytoOTHER-HOST2  yP(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod1"other-host"'lod3)2 y !-O F|unction2 !2 !aO print-disk-labelO&optional(unitnil)(streamstandard-2 ! W1output)2 W  vO DisplaythedisklabelforUNIT,withoutputtoSTREAM.2  vF|orexample:2  +PO (print-disk-label):;printlocalmaindisk2 + ]P(print-disk-label1);printlocalauxiliarydisk2 ] P(print-disk-label"lama");printLAMA'smaindisk2  AP(print-disk-label"lamc1")N;printLAMC'sauxiliarydisk2 A i-O F|unction2 i2 iaO si:edit-disk-labelO&optionalle-unitinit-p2 i vO EditthelabelofadiskpacRk.+Ole-unitO isthediskdrivenumber,ora2  Uvnameofamachine(Chaosnetisused).&IfO init-pO isnon-NIL,adefault2 U vlabelisdisplayedinsteadoftheactualonethatisstored. (Thisisnot2 Avrecommended,Runlessthegoalistostartfromscratch;indeed,savinga2 A wvdefaultlabelwRould\scratch"allsoftwareonthedisk).2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 96RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @`PressOh|  Am @ CO HELP" @" @ MAm" @" @& @gOiO fordocumenRtationontheinterface.2 @2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR972 O2 O2  w  o;O122 o ItTCP/IP!Applications2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterdocumentstheuserinterfacestoTCP/IPprotocolapplications.2  qaNotethatmanRyoftheTCP/IPfunctionsdocumentedbelowwhichtakeasan2 q 'aargumenRtthenameofaremotehostwillalsoacceptanInternetaddress.2 ' ]aThispRermitscomm~unicationwithahostthatisnotspeci edintheloadedsite2 ] ainformation.2  PKO12.1)FileTyransferProtocol(FTP)2 P2 P BaO TheFTPspReci cationrequiresthatacommandin~terfacebeproRvidedtomake2 B xacon~v~entionalFTPcommandsaRv}ailableattheuserlevel.2 x jaThe FTP-only command inRterface is provided by the LISP function O ftp:ftpO .Path-2 j  anamesarepassedwithouttranslationfromO ftp:ftpO totheremoteFTPserv~er.2  VaThisisusefulif,Rforexample,thenormalLam~bda leaccessfunctionsarenot2 V  aworkingbecauseofpathnameparsingproblems.2  #-F|unction2 #2 #aO ftp:ftpO&optionalhost2 # YvO TheFileT|ransferProtocolcommand.2 Y KvConnectstoOhostO ,ifspeci ed.2 K caFigure18,page99illustratesanexampleofanFTPsession.2 c UaPress\O?O "!toviewthehelpdocumenRtationforeachcommand.!Intheon-line2 U ahelplisting(andbeloRw),optionalargumentsareenclosedinbrackets,afterany2 AarequiredargumenRts."Ifacommandisenteredwithnoarguments,theuseris2 A wapromptedforeacRhone,inorder.PressOh| VA w zO RETURN| w| w A| w| w wOiO toskipanargument.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 98RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KThefollowinglistdescribesthemostcommonlyusedcommands:2 @ TKO?[command]O -2 T2 T2 T  ;O helpinformationonallcommands(oraspeci cOcommandO )2  UKOOPENtoO -2 U2 U2 U  ;O openaconnectiontoaremotehost.2  VKOCDremote-directoryO -2 V2 V2 V  ;O cRhangeremoteworkingdirectorytoOremote-directoryO .Theworking2  B;directoryisusedtoapplypathnamedefaultstorelativepathnames2 B x;orwhereOremote-directoryO isoptional.2 x CKOPWDO -2 C2 C;O displa~yRcurrentw~orkingdirectoryonremotehost.2 C KODIR[remote-directory][local- le]O -2 2 2  D;O listdirectorycon~ten~tsofcurren~tdirectoryorOremote-directoryO ;op-2 D z;tionally|,Rsa~velistinginOlocal- leO .2 z EKOST{A|TUSO -2 E2 E2 E {;O showRcurrentstatusofen~vironmentcommands.2 { FKOUSER[username][passwRord][account]O -2 F2 F2 F |;O loginandsendnewuserinformation.2 | GKOSENDlocal- le[remote- le]O -2 G2 G2 G };O transferOloRcal- leO fromlocalsystemtoOremote- leO onremotesystem.2 } HKORECVremote- le[local- le]O -2 H2 H2 H ~;O transferOremote- leO fromremotesystemtoloRcalsystemasOlocal- leO .2 ~ IKOCLOSEO -2 I2 I;O terminateFTPsession.2 I KOQUITO -2 2 ;O terminateFTPsessionandexit.2  k5O12.2)TyerminalRNet}w~orkAccessProtocol(Tzelnet)2 k2 k ]KO Therearefourdi erenRtwaystoaccesstheT{elnetprotocolontheLambda.2 ] KTheydi erinthemeansofaccessanddegreeofspRecialcharacterandrubout2  IKhandlingproRvided.)Theyallprovidethesamebasicservice,namely|,remote2 I Klogincapability|.2  qKOh| QA q tO SYSTEM q q ~A q q qOiO TO in~v~okesafull-screenT|elnetinRterface.Thisisacomprehensiveinter-2 q 'Kface,includingrubRout-handling,forLambda-to-Lam~bdaremotelogins.2 ' KTheKermitinRterfacesprovideH19terminalemulation,whichissupportedby2  OKmanRyotherT|elnetservers.2 O AKTheotherT|elnetand\glassttRy"interfacesprovideonlybasic\dumbterminal"2 A wKcapabilities.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR992 O2 O2  w <K  AS GpO;ReadingattoplevelinLispListener1.} G yp;Readinginbase10inpackageUSERwithstandardZetalispreadtable.} y ]pO(ftp:ftp'lmi-vax)} ] pOConnectedtoLMI-VAX}  @p220lmi-vaxFTPserver(Version4.91FriMar1512:12:27PST1985)ready.} @ rp(username)Okeith} r $pO331Passwordrequiredforkeith.} $ Vp(password)} V p230Userloggedin.}  9pftp>Opwd} 9 kpO251"_DBA4:[USERS.KEITH]"iscurrentdirectory.} k pftp>Odirl*.c~om;}  OpO200PORTcommandokay.} O p150Openingdataconnectionforl*.com;(101.0.0.222,283).}  3pRWED/[300,000]1/3,17-OCT-198619:34,labelq.com;12} 3 dpRWED/[300,000]1/3,17-OCT-198619:32,labelqs.com;6} d pRWED/[300,000]1/3,24-NOV-198616:07,labler.com;2}  HpRWED/[300,000]1/3,17-OCT-198620:38,labs.com;8} H zpRWED/[300,000]2/3,22-OCT-198621:17,login.com;82} z ,p226Transfercomplete.} , ]p275bytesreceivedin1.18seconds(0.23Kbytespersecond)} ] pftp>OgetRlo~gin.c~omtemp;lo~gin.c~om}  ApO200PORTcommandokay.} A sp150Openingdataconnectionforlogin.com(101.0.0.222,284).} s %p226Transfercomplete.} % Vp683bytesreceivedin0.15seconds(4.55Kbytespersecond)} V pftp>Odir[cR~opy]temp;copy-dirlist}  :pO200PORTcommandokay.} : lp150Openingdataconnectionfor[copy](101.0.0.222,285).} l p226Transfercomplete.}  Pp81bytesreceivedin0.03seconds(2.43Kbytespersecond)} P pftp>Oquit}  3pO221Goodbye.} 3 pNIL}  uO Figure18.RO ExampleO FTP:FTPO session.UserinputisOinitalicsO .} KwindoRw,pressOh{ A8 > @O NETWORKI >I > JA8I >I >N >0OiO EO totogglelocalecho.2 > /KAnotherimpRortantescapesequenceisOh{ A8 / 2O NETWORK] /] / vConRtrolstheformatofFingerdisplay|.2 > QaTypically|,pressingROh{ 0AU Q TO TERMINALG QG Q ^AUG QG QL QNOiO FO withnoargumen~ts ngersallLISPmac~hines;2 Q apressingOh{ fAU   O TERMINALe e  AUe e j NOiO 0-FO alloRwstheusertoenterthedesiredspeci cationto2  =aO ( nger)O .Seepage58fordetailsonconRtrollingtheFingerdisplay|.2 = KO13.3)SEND-BroadcastMessages2 2  xaO TheO SENDO protocolproRvidesacapabilityforsendinginteractivemessagesbe-2 x .atweenChaosnethosts.*ThistRypeofexchangeisdi erentfromMailinthat2 . damessagesaresen~timmediatelytotheremotehost(s);theyappearontheother2 d auser'sscreen,andcanbeviewRedwiththeConverseinterface(seebelow).2  rKO13.3.1"ConR~trollingMessageInterruptions2 r2 r daO EacRh user can allow or forbid the receipt of O qsend O messages at their work-station:2 d w8V|ariable2 w2 waO zwei:*con~verse-gagged*ONIL2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1089Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @`Ifthisv}ariableisNIL,thenyRouwillreceiveallincomingConversemes-2 @ v`sages.IfitisnotT,thenitisassumedtobReastringthatwillbesent2 v ,`toanRyuserwhoattemptstosendyouamessage.$Ifthev}alueofthis2 , b`v}ariableisT,thenallincomingmessagesaresimplyrejected.Usageof2 b `thefunctionsO qsends-onO andO qsends-o O isencouragedinstead.2  "F|unction2 "2 "KO qsends-on2 " X`O Acceptmessagesfromotherusers.2 X bF|unction2 b2 bKO qsends-o O&optional(gag-messageT)2 b `O Refusemessagesfromotherusers.Ogag-messageO canbeastringwhic~his2  N`senRtautomaticallyasareplytoanyonewhosendsamessagehere.2 N 5O13.3.2"FzunctionIn~terfaces2 2  O F|unction2 2 KO qsendO&optionaldestinationmessage2  F`O Sendaninteractivemessage,OmessageO ,totheuser(s)inOdestinationO .2 F 8`IfO messageO isemptRy{,youwillbepromptedforit.2 8 *`IfO destinationO isemptRy|,Conversewillbeselected.2 * `IfO mail-pO isNIL(thedefault),themessagewillbesenRtinteractively{,oth-2  Q`erwisethemessagewillbemailed.2 Q C`OdestinationO shouldbeastringoftheformO\usernameO @Ohostname"O .2 C 5`OhostnameO isthename of thehost where the remote user namedOusername2 5 k`O iscurrenRtlyloggedin.Multiplerecipientsseparatedbycommasarealso2 k !`allow~ed.2 ! `IfO w~ait-pO isNIL,thenqueueuptomessagetobResoon,butreturnNIL.2  `IfO wRait-pO isT,thenwaituntilwedeterminethestatusofthemessages2  ;`senRt,andreturnalistofthesuccessfulrecipients.Thedefaultv}alueof2 ; q`O wRait-pO iscontainedintheinitv~ariableO zwei:*converse-wait-p*O .2 q c`ThisfunctionisexpRectedtobecalledbRyauser.#Programswhichcall2 c `itareguaranteedtodosomethingusefulonlyifO messageO andO destination2  O`O arenon-NIL.2 O A`WhiletRypinginamessage,youcaninsertthetextofthelastmessage2 A w`receiv~edRbytypingO CTRL-META-YO .2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91092 O2 O2  w @vIfyRouhavestartedtypinginamessagetoO qsendO ,youcanswitchtoCon-2 @ vvv~erseRbytypingO CTRL-META-EO .Thetextyouha~v~etypedsofaristrans-2 v ,vferredinRtoConverse.2 , ;-F|unction2 ;2 ;aO replyO&optionaltext2 ; q-O F|unction2 q2 qaO qreplyO&optionaltext2 q 'vO SendsOtextO asamessagetothelastuserwhosenRtamessagetoyou;2 ' ]votherwise,thesefunctionsactslikeO qsendO .2 ] l-F|unction2 l2 laO chaos:shoutO&optionalmessage2 l !vO SendsOmessageO toevReryLISPmachineatyoursite.Ifyoudonotspecify2 ! WvOmessageO ,itisreadfromstandardinput.2 W f-F|unction2 f2 faO print-sends2 f vO ReprintsRanymessagesthathavebeenreceivedatyourmachine.2  dKO13.3.3"Con~v~erseIn~terface2 d2 d VaO Con~verseRprovidesafull-screenconversationalO qsendO interface.Converseisin-2 V  avokedRb~ytypingOh| lA  O SYSTEM    A      OiO CO .Thescreenisdividedintoareasforseparatemes-2  Basages,withearliermessagesscrollingdoRwnthescreenasnewonesarereceived2 B xaandsent.2 x jaThemessageareascontainseparatemessages.%ZWEIeditingcapabilitiesare2 j  aprovided;forRexample,y~oucancuttextfromaZMacseditorbu erandpasteit2  Vain~toamessagebu er.2 V HaThe rstlineineacRhmessagebeginswithO\T|o:"O ,followedbyaspeci cationfor2 H ~athe destination (typically in the form O "O user@hostO "O .This spReci cation can also be2 ~ 4aeditedtosendmessagestoanewuserorlistofusers.Usethesameconven~tion2 4 jaasO ngerO (seepage106)forspecifyingremoteusers.2 j \aT|osendthemessagethatisinthecurren~tbu ertothespeci eduser,press2 \ aOh| qAS  O END   AS  # MOiO .UseRO CTRL-Oh| qAS  O END   AS   MOiO tosendandexit,orOh| qA  O ABORTL L  AL L P }OiO tojustexit.2  ]KO13.4)EVwAL-CommandEv{aluationServ}er2 ]2 ] OaO TheEVzALservRerprovidesremotecommandev}aluation.2 O AaOnatRypicalUnixChaosnethost,theEV{ALservercanev}aluateeitherasingle2 A wacommandorstreamofcommands.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1109Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KOntheLambRda,EV{ALpro~videsa\read/ev}al/print"loopwhichreadsfromand2 @ vKprin~tstotheChaosnetconnection(astream).2 v hKEacRhtimetheLambdaEVzALserverreceivesacompleteOS-expressionO ,itreads2 h Ktheform,Rev}aluatesit,andprintsalistthereturnedv}alues,follow~edRbyaO CRLF2  TKO (carriage-return/line-feed).&ThedataconsistsoftextintheASCIIc~haracter2 T  Kset.Thereisnow~ayfortheuserprocesstodetecttheendoftheoutputfrom2  @Kaparticularcommand;theusualprocedureissimplytocopyalltheoutputto2 @ vKauser'sterminal,ortousethereceivedstringsforprocessing.Notethatthis2 v ,KmethodRdoesnotprovideforan~yin~teractiveI/Owiththeremoteprocess.2 , KThe folloRwing example causes the remote Lambda host \MYHOST" to recompile2  TKandreloaditssite les;theoutputiscopiedattheuser'sterminal.2 T %O (with-open-stream(server(chaos:open-stream2  2g"MYHOST""EVAL"2 2 dg:ascii-translationt))2 d Y(write-line"(make-system'site:recompile:noconfirm2  Gb:no-reload-system-declaration)"2 G y-server)2 y +Y(write-line"(update-site-configuration-info)"2 + ]server)2 ] Y;;Getservertocloseourconnection2  @Y(write-line"(closestandard-output)"2 @ rserver)2 r $Y(sendserver:force-output)2 $ VY(stream-copy-until-eofserverstandard-output))2 V 9%GeneratinghosttablefromSYS:CHAOS;HOSTSTEXT>2 9 k%CompilingSYS:SITE;SITELISP>2 k %CompilingSYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISP>2  O%CompilingSYS:SITE;HSTTBLLISP>2 O %LoadingsitefilesonaccountofSYS:SITE;SITEQFASL>2  2%LoadingsitefilesonaccountofSYS:SITE;LMLOCSQFASL>2 2 d%LoadingsitefilesonaccountofSYS:SITE;HSTTBLQFASL>(T)2 d %(NIL)2  z%NIL2 z xKO NOTE:O OneofthemostusefulapplicationsoftheEVzALRserverisforLISPto2 x .KexecuteUnixcommandstoberunonanattacRhedLambRda-Plusprocessor.The2 . dKdistributedexample leO "O SYS:EXAMPLES;STREAMSO "O pro~videsanillustration2 d Kofhowtodothis.2  KTheSTREAMSexampleincludesthefolloRwingfunction,whichexecutesUnix2 BKcommandsremotely:2 B2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91112 O2 O2  w r;O (defunsimple-unix-eval(hostcommand2 r $I&optional(streamstandard-output))2 $ Vo(with-open-stream(s(chaos:open-stream2 V Ihost2  9I(formatnil"EVAL~a"command)))2 9 k$(formatstream"~&%~A~%"command)2 k $(do((c(sends':tyi)(sends':tyi)))2  O ((nullc))2 O X(sendstream':tyo2  2u(selectqc2 2 d)((#o12#o15)#\return)2 d )(#o11#\tab)2  H)(tc))))))2 H FaO F{orexample:2 F r;O (simple-unix-eval"unix-a""cd/usr/local/shareapp;make")2 r $;%cd/usr/local/shareapp;make2 $ Vo:2 V o:2  aO Some applications of LamRbda Extended Streams wOtm" :O (a facility using global shared2  <amemoryforinRterprocessorcommunications)usethiscapability|./Aprogram2 < racalledfromLISPcanstartupthedesiredUnixprogramthroughEVzAL,and2 r (athencomm~unicatemoredirectlythroughsharedmemory|.2 ( aNotethattheEV{ALservReronLambda-PlusSystem5Unixisloggedinas2  PaOanonRymousO whileitexecutesthedesiredcommands.$Thisusernamemustbe2 P aprovidedRb~ytheUnixsystemadministrator,withwhatev~erprovisions,suc~has2  <aidenRti cationandsecurity|,thataredesired;inthiswaytheUnixadministra-2 < ratorcanexercisesomeconRtroloverwhatisexecutedfromremotesources.F{or2 r (athisreasonitisoftendesirabletoEV{ALonlycommandsthatexecuteaUnix2 ( ^acommandscriptsituatedinapublicaccoun~t.2 ^ $KO13.5)TIME-TimeofDaR~yServer2 $2 $ aO TheTIMEservRerallowsonehosttoaskanotherforthecurrenttimeofday|.2  LaTheformofanswRermaybeimplementation-dependent;thatis,youmustknow2 L athedetails ofdecoding the resultfrom a givRen type ofChaosnet implementation.2  taTheanswRerreceivedfromTIMEisaChaospacket,whichmustbRedecoded.2 t *aThetimeofdaRyisexpressedbyaLambdaTIMEserverinOuniversaltimeO (UT)2 * `aformat.*ThisRquan~tit~yisa32-bitnumbercontainedina4characterstring,2 `2 w [[U2  O5O 1129Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @Kwhic~hRmustbeformedintoaninteger.2 @ 2KThefolloRwingexampleprintsthetimeofdayreceivedfromtheLambdahost2 2 hK\MYHOST":2 h %O (time:print-universal-time2  FY(let((timen(lisp:map'list'char-int2 F x(chaos:pkt-string2 x *J(chaos:simple"MYHOST""TIME")))))2 * \(+(firsttimen)2 \  \(*(secondtimen)(^28.))2  ?\(*(thirdtimen)5(^216.))2 ? q\(*(fourthtimen)(^224.)))))2 q #%6-Jul-8814:542 # U%NIL2 U 5O13.6)UPTIME-HostUptimeServ~er2 2  KO SomehostsproRvidetheUPTIMEservice,whichallowsotherhoststoquery2  9Ktheamountoftimesincetheylastbootedup..Themethodofobtaininga2 9 oKremotehost'suptimeissimilartotheTIMEexampleabRove.Lam~bdasreturn2 o %KanUPTIMEexpressedininRternalclockunitsof60persecond,sotheanswer2 % [KfromUPTIMEmRustbedividedby60toprovideaninterv}alinseconds.2 [ MKThefolloRwingexampleprintstheuptimereceivedfromtheLambdahost\MY-2 M KHOST":2  /%O (time:print-interval-or-never2 / aY(quotient2 a (let((timen(lisp:map'list'char-int2  Ed(chaos:pkt-string2 E w(chaos:simple"MYHOST""UPTIME")))))2 w (B(+(firsttimen)2 ( Z(*(secondtimen)(^28.))2 Z (*(thirdtimen)4(^216.))2 >(*(fourthtimen)(^224.))))2 > p60.))2 p !%4weeks1day5hours14minutes22seconds2 ! S%NIL2 S2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91132 O2 O2  w @KO13.7)HOSTyAB-HostInformationServ~er2 @2 @ 2aO TheHOST|ABservRerprovidestablesofhostinformation.2 2 $aTR|ouseHOSTAB,theuserconnectstotheremoteserver,initiatesaqueryfor2 $ ZaeacRhhostofinterest,andthenclosestheconnection."Eachqueryisinitiated2 Z awhentheusertransmitsahostnamefollow~edRb~yacarriagereturn.Theserv~er2  FarespRondswithinformationaboutthathost,terminatedwithanEOF,andis2 F |athenreadyforanothertransaction.2 | naEacRhlineoftextreturnedbytheserverconsistsofanattributenamefollowed2 n $abRythev}alueoftheattribute,separatedbyaspace.V|aluesmaybestrings(free2 $ ZaofreturncRharactersandO notO surroundedbyquotes)ornumbRers(usuallyoctal).2 Z aAttribute names and mostv}aluesarein uppRer case.There can be more than one2  Fav~alueforeacRhattribute;aseparatelinespecifyingeachv}aluefortheattribute2 F |aisreturned.'F|orexample,ahostmaRyhavemorethanonenameornetwork2 | 2aaddress.2 2 $aThefollowinglistdescribesthemostusefulattributenames.(Notethathosts2 $ ZamayRimplementotherattributes.)2 Z ?&O2 ?YO ERROR-Thev}alueisanerrormessage.2 ? [&O2 [YO NAMER-Thev~alueisanameofthehost.The rstNAMElinereceiv~ed2 [ Yindicatestheocialname;allothersarenicknames.2  -&O2 -YO MARCHINE-TYPE-Thev}alueisthetypeofmachine,suchasLISPM,2 - cYPDP-10,NU,etc.2 c &O2 YO SYSTEM-TYPE-Thev}alueisthetRypeofsoftwarerunningonthema-2 6Ychine,RsuchasLISPM,UNIX,etc.2 6 R&O2 RYO ARP|A-Thev}alueisanaddressofthehostontheArpanet,intheform2 R YOhost/impO .TheRtw~on~umbersaredecimal.2  %&O2 %YO CHA~OS-Thev}alueisanaddressofthehostontheChaosnet(octal).2 % A&O2 AYO INTERNET-Thev}alueisanaddressofthehostonalocalInternet2 A wY(dotted-decimal).2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1149Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w * ,KThe folloRwing example printsthe HOST|ABinformationforthe host \MY-VzAX"2 , bKasitisknoRwntothehost\MYHOST".Notethatwiththestreamsinterface,2 b KitisnotpRossibletorequestinformationaboutmorethanonehost,sincethe2  MKstreamiscloseduponreceiptofthe rstEOF.2 M z%O (with-open-stream(server(chaos:open-stream"MYHOST""HOSTAB"))2 z +Y(write-line"MY-VAX"server)2 + ]Y(sendserver:force-output)2 ] Y(stream-copy-until-eofserverstandard-output))2  A%NAMEMY-VAX2 A s%NAMEMYVAX2 s $%NAMEVAX2 $ V%MACHINE-TYPEVAX2 V %SYSTEM-TYPEVMS2  :%INTERNET101.0.0.102 : %NIL2 2 *2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91152 O2 O2  w  s;O142 s INet~w}ork!Programming!Txopics2 I2  JKO14.1)HostObjects-BriefOv}erview2 J2 J <aO InkReepingwiththeFlavorsobject-orientedprogrammingmethodology|,thecon-2 < raceptofa\hostobjectt~ypRe"isbestdescribedbRy1)thecontextinwhichthe2 r (atypReisused,and2)theinstancev}ariablesandmethodsthetypeo ers.2 ( aHostobjectshaveRt~womajorpurposes: rst,theyidentifya\ lecomputer"(a2  Paremotehost,Raccessibleonthenetw~ork,thathas les)touseinsidepathnames;2 P asecond,theyservRetoimplementnameandaddressmappingonnetworks.2  xaNotethathost avorsneednot corresponddirectlytopathname a~vors;indeed,2 x .atheRhierarc~hyofpathname avorsiscompletelyseparatefromhost a~v~ors.The2 . darelationshipistw~o-way:eac~hhosttypReo ersoperationsrelatedtopathname2 d aparsingviainstancesofadesignatedpathnametype;and,Rofcourse,ahost2  Paobjectispartofmostnetworkpathnameinstances. AO1q P2 P BaO TheR av~orO si:basic-hostO isincludedinhostobjectsofalltypes.2 B 3a\P~athnamehosts"arehostobjectsthatcanbRespeci edwithinpathnames.A2 3 iasubsetofthesearethe\net~workRhosts",whic~hcorrespondtoph~ysicalentities2 i aonthenetwork.TheR avorO si:hostO isincludedinthede nitionofnet~workhost2  Uatypes.2 U GaThereareothertRypesofpathnamehostswhichpointtodevicesorapplication-2 GK !AX AS 2O1} A} AO ThecommenRtsinthesystemsource leO "O SYS:IO;FILE;P|A|THNMO "O describehowpath-} A wnameparsinginteractswithhostobjectsinmoredetail.} w2 w [[U2  O5O 1169Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @Kspeci c objects.The av~or O si:shared-device-pathname O is included in the de nition2 @ vKofdevicesthatmaRybesharedbymultipleprocessors.2 v hKThefolloRwingareexamplesofextendedpathnamehosttypes:2 h %O (pathname"ed:foo.lisp")7;AZMacseditorbuffer2  F%(pathname"unix-stream-1:")i;LISP/Unixextendedstream#12 F x%(pathname"sdu-serial-b:");SerialportB2 x vKO AdditionalinformationonhosttRypesisprovidedintheO LISPMachineManualO .2 v )5O14.1.1"ObtainingaHostObject2 )2 ) KO KnownRnet~workhostsarekeptonalist,O si:host-alistO .T{oobtainthehostobject2  QKcorrespondingtoaparticularnetworkhostbyname,useO si:parse-hostO .2 Q {F|unction2 {2 {KO si:parse-hostOhost&optional(no-error-pnil)(unknown-ok2 { 1t)2 1 g`O ReturnahostobjectfornameOhostO ,takenfromtheO si:host-alistO .2 g Y`OhostO canalsobeahostobjectalready;thenit'ssimplyreturned.%Ono-2 Y `error-pO saRysjustreturnO NILO ifthereisnosuchhostknown.2  8"V|ariable2 82 8KO si:host-alist2 8 n`O Anassociationlist,Rindexedbyprimaryhostname,containingtheasso-2 n $`ciatedhostobjectandotherrelev~anRtinformation(mostofwhichcanbe2 $ Z`obtainedfromthehostobjectitself).2 Z KT|o obtain the hostobject corresponding by nameto a pathname host,use O fs:get-2  :Kpathname-hostO :2 : cF|unction2 c2 cKO fs:get-pathname-hostOhost-name&optional(no-error-p2 c nil)(unknown-oknil)2  O`O Parseahostforuseinapathname.Ohost-nameO canbeahostobjectora2 O `hostname.2  w`IfOno-error-pO isnon-NIL,wRereturnNILifgivenanunde nedhostname.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91172 O2 O2  w E ,aWhenapathnamehostis rstreferredtowithinapathname,itgetsstoredon2 , bathelistO fs:*pathname-host-list*O :2 b l8V|ariable2 l2 laO fs:*pathname-host-list*2 l "vO Thelistofestablishedpathnamehostobjects.2 "2 E2 w [[U2  O5O 1189Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O14.1.2"HostObjectMethods2 @2 @ 2KO The folloRwingisa brief summary ofthemostuseful avormethodsimplemented2 2 hKb~yRnetworkhostt~ypes.2 h 45O14.1.2.1#ObtainingHostA~ttributes2 42 4 &KO ThefolloRwingmethodsreturninformationthatisusefultodevelopers:2 & 7KO :NAME2 72 7;O Returnstheocialhostname.2 7 KO :SHORT-NAME2 2 2  6;O Returnstheshortesthostname.Used,Rforexample,onthewho-line2 6 l; lesummary|.2 l 5KO :STRING-FOR-PRINTING2 52 52 5 k;O Generally the same as the ocial name, but this methoRd may be mod-2 k !;i edtopRerformspecialtransformations.$Used,Rforexample,when2 ! W;prin~tingpathnames.2 W  KO :HOST-NAMES2  2  2  V;O ReturnsthelistofallnamesbRywhichthishostisknown.2 V KO :MACHINE-TYPE2 2 2  UK:SYSTEM-TYPE2 U2 U2 U  K:FILE-SYSTEM-TYPE2  2  2  T;O ThesemethoRdsreturntherespectivRehosttypeattribute.2 T KO :PRIMARY-DEVICE2 2 2  R;O Returnsthedefaultdeviceforthehost,asspeci edbythe:HOST-2 R ;DEF{AUL|T-DEVICE-ALISTsiteoption.2  T5O14.1.2.2#ObtainingHostAddresses2 T2 T FKO ThefolloRwingmethodsreturnassignednetworkaddresses:2 F WKO :NETW~ORK-ADDRESSES2 W2 W2 W ;O Returnsthelistofallde nednet~workaddresses;thisisaproperty-2 C;listwithalternatingpairsofnet~workprotocolkeywordsandaddress2 C y;lists.2 y BKO :NETW~ORK-ADDRESSO 2 B2 B2 B x;O Returnstheprimaryaddressforthespeci edNETWORKkeyword.2 x AKO :CHAOS-ADDRESS2 A2 A2 A w;O ReturnstheprimaryChaosaddressforthishost.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91192 O2 O2  w @aO :CHAOS-ADDRESSES2 @2 @2 @ vQO ReturnsthelistofallChaosaddressesforthishost.2 v 9aO :INTERNET-ADDRESS2 92 92 9 oQO ReturntheprimaryInternetaddressforthishost.2 o 2aO :INTERNET-ADDRESSES2 22 22 2 hQO ReturnsthelistofallassignedInternetaddressesforthishost.2 h +aO :NETW~ORK-TYPE2 +2 +2 + aQO Returnsthe rstnetworkRkeywordofthehost'snetwork-addresses.2 a #aO :NETW~ORK-TYPEPO 2 #2 #2 # YQO Apredicatefordeterminingwhetherthehosthasanaddressforthe2 Y Qspeci ednetw~ork.2  RaO :UNP|ARSED-NETWORK-ADDRESSO 2 R2 R2 R QO Returnstheunparsedprimaryaddressforthespeci ednetwork.2  KaO :UNP|ARSED-NETWORK-ADDRESSESO 2 K2 K2 K QO Returnsthelistofallunparsedaddressesforthespeci ednetw~ork.2  *KO14.1.2.3#HostFileOperations2 *2 * aO Thefollowingare le-relatedmethoRdssupportedbRynetworkhosttypes:2  (aO :CLOSE-ALL-FILES2 (2 (2 ( ^QO Closeallopen lestreamsconnectedtothehost.2 ^ !aO :OPEN-STREAMS2 !2 !2 ! VQO Returnsthelistofallopenstreamsconnectedtothehost.2 V aO :SAMPLE-P|A|THNAME2 2 2  OQO Returnsasamplepathnameobject.-Thispathnameisusedasa2 O Qtemplateforpathnamestothishost;thecomponen~tsarenot lled2  ;Qin,exceptforthehostitself.2 ; KO14.2)ObtainingHostAddresses2 2  taO ThefolloRwingfunctionsareprovidedforprogrammingwithnetworkaddresses.2 t w-F|unction2 w2 waO ip:parse-in~ternet-addressOaddress2 w -vO PRarses OaddressO into a numericInternet address.Oaddress O can be a number,2 - cvastring,Rasymbol,orahostobject.Symbolsandstringsareparsedfor2 c vdotteddecimalornRumericformat.Givenahostobject,its rstInternet2  Ovaddressisreturned(an~um~ber),orNIL.2 O AvThesecondv}aluereturned,ifnon-NIL,isahostobjectcorrespondingto2 A wvthespeci edOaddressO .2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1209Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @F|unction2 @2 @KO chaos:address-parseOaddress2 @ v`O CoercestheargumenRtintoachaosnetaddress.Theargumentcanbea2 v ,`hostname,ahostobject,oranaddress.2 , `Thesecondv}aluereturned,ifnon-NIL,isahostobjectcorrespondingto2  T`thegivenOaddressO .2 T fF|unction2 f2 fKO net:parse-addressOaddressRnet~work-t~ype&optional(start2 f 0)end2  R`O GivRenastring,parsesitasanaddressforOnetwork-typeO ,akeyword2 R `(:CHAOSor:INTERNET).2  F|unction2 2 KO net:unparse-addressOaddressnetw~ork-type2  O`O Returns the unparsed form of a givRen network O address O for the appropriate2 O `net~workindicatedbRyO network-typeO (:CHAOSor:INTERNET).Thisis2  ;`useful, forR example, whenprintinganaddressobtainedfromahostobject.2 ; -`ChaosaddressesaretranslatedinRtoastringrepresentationofthecorre-2 - c`spondingRoctaladdressnumber.2 c U`InRternetaddressesaretranslatedintodotted-decimalstrings.2 U 5O14.3)LocalHostVyariables2 2  KO Severalv}ariablesholdinformationrelatedtothelocalhost.2  "V|ariable2 2 KO si:local-host2  U`O Thisisthehostobjectforthismachine(theonethatisrunning).2 U g"V|ariable2 g2 gKO si:local-host-name2 g `O Thisisthefullnameofthismachineasahost.2  ."V|ariable2 .2 .KO si:local-pretty-host-name2 . d`O ThisisaprettRyformofthenameofthismachine.2 d v"V|ariable2 v2 vKO si:local- nger-location2 v ,`O ThisisastringconRtainingthemachineloRcationinformationforthelocal2 , b`hostasenRteredinthe leO "O SYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISPO "O .*Thisshould2 b `includethenameoftheprimaryuserorotherdescriptiv~einformationto2  N`beprinRtedbyO ngerO .2 N2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91212 O2 O2  w @8V|ariable2 @2 @aO si:local- oor-location2 @ vvO ThisisalsoastringconRtainingpartofthemachinelocationinformation2 v ,vforthelocalhostasenRteredinthe leO "O SYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISPO "O .2 , bvT|raditionally|,thisisalistdescribingthebuildingnameand oorwhere2 b vthemac~hineislocated.2   8V|ariable2  2  aO si:associated-mac~hine2  VvO Defaultmac~hineforlocatinglogindirectories(ahostobject).Theasso-2 V  vciatedmacRhineisassignedforeachhostinO "O SYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISPO "O .2  RKO14.4)Comm~unicationsStreams2 R2 R DaO CommRunicationsstreamsprovidetechniquesforwritingprogramsthatmake2 D za\directconRtact"withaspeci cnetworkprotocolorserver.Remote lestreams2 z 0aareopRenedinthenormalw~ay(asdescribedintheO LISPMachineManualO ),2 0 fasimplybyusingaremotehost'spathnameaspartoftheO OPENO form.2 f XaThematerialinthissectiondescribestheuseofstreamsatalo~werlev~el.Before2 X aattemptingtowriteprogramsusingcommunicationsstreams,besuretoread2  DathematerialonstreamsintheO LISPMachineManualO .2 D 6aTRypicalapplicationsofthesetechniquesincludethedevelopmentofacustom2 6 laservRerprogram,orthedevelopmentofauserinterfacetoaworkingserver.2 l KO14.4.1"ChaosnetStreams2 2  aO TherearetwodistinctmecRhanismsforcommunicatingwithChaosnetservers:2  Fastreams,and\simple"connections.#F|oreacRhservertypRe,thepropermethod2 F |am~ustbReused.Examplesofbothmethodsarepro~videdinChapter13.2 | 3KO14.4.1.1#ChaosnetI/OStreams2 32 3 %aO chaos:open-streamRO opensanI/Ostreamconnectiontoa(normallyremote)2 % [aserv~er.2 [ c-F|unction2 c2 caO chaos:open-streamOhostconRtact-name&key(window-size2 c 1default-window-size)(timeout(*1060))(direction:bidirec-2  O1tional)(errort)(characterst)ascii-translation)2 O vO OpenachaosnetconnectionandreturnanI/Ostream.2  wvOhostO isthehosttoconnectto.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1229Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @`The argumenRt Ocontact-name O should be a string which contains the server's2 @ v`protocolnameaswRellasanyargumentshandledbytheserveruponthe2 v ,`initialconnection.2 , `TheRkeywordargumentsare:2  0*-2 0XO:windoRw-sizeO -numberofpacketstoallowintransittothishost2 0 fXovertheconnection.2 f 0*-2 0XO:timeoutO -hoRwlongtowaitbeforeassumingthehostisdown.2 0 z*-2 zXO:ascii-translationO -ifnon-NIL,assumethedataontheconnection2 z /XisinASCIIandtranslatetoandfromtheLispmacRhinecharacter2 / eXsetasappropriate.2 e /*-2 /XO:directionO , O:c~haractersO , O:error O - as in O OPENO ; defaults to O:bidirectionalO .2 / @KF{olloRwingisanexampleillustratingthespeci cationofacontactname."The2 @ vK rst example speci es O "O EVzALO "O ,R the server name,as the con~tact name;the second2 v ,KexamplealsoincludesargumenRtstotheserver.2 , X%O (chaos:open-stream"lambda-host""EVAL"..)2 X  %(chaos:open-stream"unix-host""EVALls-l"..)2  KO NoticeRabovethattheLam~bdaEVzALserv~erdoesnottak~eanyarguments,but2  >Ksome Unix EVzAL servRer implementations do take argumentsspecifyingthe com-2 > tKmand(s)tobeexecuted.2 t fKTheOtimeoutO argumentappliesonlytotheinitialattemptstoconnect;input2 f KopRerationswillhangforev~erifthereisnoinputpendingfromtheremoteserv~er.2  RKF{orthisreason,itcanbRediculttoimplementcomplexI/Otransactionsbe-2 R KtweenauserandservRer.F|ortunately|,mostoftheserverspresentlittlediculty2  >Kinthisregard.2 > 0KDepRendingonthev~alueoftheopenmodeO:directionO ,thetypicalstreaminput2 0 fKopRerations(O :t~yi,:line-inO )and/oroutputoperations(O :tyo,:line-outO )Rma~ybeused2 f KonthereturnedChaosnetconnection.OtherstandardI/Ooperationssuchas2  RKO :closeO arealsode ned.ThRus,standardhigher-levelfunctionsmaybeused,such2 R Kas:2  O2 CO READ2  dO2 dCO WRITE,PRINT2 d -O2 -CO READLINE,READ-LINE2 - wO2 wCO WRITE-LINE2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91232 O2 O2  w @&O2 @YO CLOSE2 @ &O2 YO WITH-OPEN-STREAM2  aSomeservRers(suchasEV{AL)receiveandtransmitusingASCIIcharacters;in2  :athesecases,theO:ascii-translationO argumenRtmustbRespeci ednon-NIL.Itmay2 : pabRe still necessary to perform some character translation, for example to translate2 p &aline-terminatingc~haracters.2 & YKO14.4.1.2#SimpleChaosnetTzransactions2 Y2 Y KaO chaos:simpleO isusedwithservRers(suchasTIME)thatdonotattempttoopen2 K aconnections,butwhicRhmerelyreturnananswertotherequestforconnection.2   -F|unction2  2  aO chaos:simpleOaddresscon~tact-name&optional(timeout2  @1600.)2 @ vvO SendamessagetoOconRtact-nameO atOaddressO ,expectingoneANSpacket2 v ,vinreturn.Noconnectionisestablished;iftheotherhosttriestocreate2 , bvaconnection,Ritisconsideredanerror.(Ifsuccessful,theANSpack~et2 b vobjectisreturned.Otherwise,astringdescribingthereasonsforfailure2  Mvisreturned.OtimeoutO ishoRwlongtowaitbReforegivingup,inunits60per2 M vsecond.2   aNormally|,RaChaosANSpacketisreturnedb~yO chaos:simpleO ,andthepacket's2  Bacon~ten~tsRmustbedecomposed.ThefunctionO chaos:pkt-stringO returnsthedata2 B xacon~ten~tsofapac~k~etasastring.2 x jaF{orexample:2 j ;O (chaos:pkt-string(chaos:simple"IT""UPTIME"))2  IKO14.4.2"TCPandUDPStreams2 I2 I ;aO ExtendedpathnametRypesexisttoprovideadirectstreaminterfacetoTCPand2 ; qaUDPRservicesThissectiondocumentsthepathnameandOPENsyntaxforboth2 q 'atypesofstreams.2 ' aThesetechniquesshouldnotbeusedinconjunctionwithstandardapplications;2  Oathis documenRtation isfor developers providingloRcal extensions(local protocols).2 O AaMostloRcalextensionsareimplementedwithUDP(UserDatagramProtocol).2 A waSomesimplestandardprotocolsandapplicationsareimplemen~tedwithUDP|,2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1249Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KduetoeitherthelowerRo~verheadofsendingasinglepac~k~et,ortothelo~wercode2 @ vKcomplexitRyofhandlingonlythisservicelevelinsmallersystems.UnlikeTCP2 v ,KstreamoperationsthatreceivRecharactersinthesameorderthattheyweresent,2 , bKUDPRpac~k~etsare\notguaran~teedtoarrive";UDPapplicationsmustdealwith2 b Kpotentialdatacon ictsandlostinformation.2  ]5O14.4.2.1#TCPandUDPP~athnames2 ]2 ] OKO ThereareextensionstothepathnamesynRtaxthatmakeiteasytoconnectto2 O KremoteTCPRandUDPservices.ThespecialpathnamehostsO "O TCP-HOSTO "O and2  ;KO "O UDP-HOSTO "O areprovidedforcallstoOPEN.2 ; -KThegeneralformatofaO TCP-HOSTO orO UDP-HOSTO pathnameis:2 - Y%O .#2 Y  %.t;defaultlocalport2  =%toremote#2 = o%#t;Release3compatibility2 o mKO AO O spReci cationinthissyntaxcanbeanRyofthefollowing:2 m ~O2 ~CO Asimplehostname:O MYHOST2 ~ FO2 FCO Ahostwithdomainnames:O GS.GS.ENG.REL2 F O2 CO DotteddecimalInternetaddress:O 100.0.0.152  VO2 VCO DecimalIn~ternetaddress:16777216152 V UKAO O orO <O local-portO >O speci cationinthissyntaxcanbe:2 U eO2 eCO DecimalpRortnumber:O 232 e .O2 .CO SymbolicRportname:O TIMESERVER2 . ,KO SymRbols forstandardreserved pRortsandlocalextensionsarelistedinthesource2 , bK leO "O SYS:NETWRORK;IP-TCP;KERNEL;PORTS.LISPO "O .ThesymbRolO tcpa:ipport-2 b KtelnetO ,forexample,correspRondstotheportnameO telnetO .2  KInthefolloRwingexample,thepathnamecorrespondstoaT|elnetserveronhost2 @KO MYHOSTO :2 @ l%O (pathname"TCP-HOST:MYHOST.TELNET")2 l2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91252 O2 O2  w @KO14.4.2.2#TCPandUDPStreamFla~v~ors2 @2 @ 2aO ATCPstreamisabidirectionalstreamof8-bitbRytes.Datamaybetransferred2 2 hainoneorbothdirectionssim~ultaneously|.2 h ZaSomeprotoRcolssuchasFTPrequireaspecialextradataconnection;theeasy2 Z astreammethoRdsdocumen~tedheredonotapplyinthesecases.2  aTheR av~orsofstreamspro~videdare:2  aFlavor2 2 aO tcp:tcp-bu ered-stream2  JaO Flavor2 J2 JaO tcp:tcp-un~bu ered-stream2 J vO Bidirectionalstream avorsthatpro~videthebasictranslationofthe2  6vsoc~ket-levelRfunctionalitytothestreamlevel.2 6 GaFlavor2 G2 GaO tcp:tcp-auto-bu ered-stream2 G }vO Fla~v~orthatproRvidesastreamlikeO tcp:tcp-bu ered-streamO exceptthatit2 } 3vproRvidesasettableO :force-output-pO agtocontroltheautomaticsending2 3 ivof a O :force-output O message after evRery output operation.(Itmay also send2 i vaO :force-outputO messagebReforeev~eryinputoperation.)Thisstreamtype2  UvisvReryusefulintheinitialdebuggingofinteractiveapplications.2 U faUDPstreamsdonotsuppRortmoststandardstreamoperations.TheI/Ometh-2 f aodsO :write-packRetO andO :read-packetO areusedT|owriteorreadapacketofinfor-2  RamationfromaUDPserver.2 R daFlavor2 d2 daO udp:udp-stream2 d aO Flavor2 2 aO udp:udp-bu ered-stream2  PvO UDPaccesstodatapac~k~etsR(raworbu ered,respectively).2 P #KO14.4.2.3#OpeningTCPandUDPStreams2 #2 # aO User(clienRt)programsnormallyopenaTCPstreamusingO OPENO .Serverpro-2  KagramsshouldopenastreamusingO tcpa:de ne-network-serviceO (seepage127).2 K aCallO OPENO withtheappropriatehostt~ypRe,anduseapathnameasdescribed2  7aabo~v~e.2 7 )aTherearealsoutilitRyfunctionswhichbypassthepathnameparsingmechanism.2 ) _aThese\easy"inRterfacestakeargumentscorrespondingtoeachpathnamecom-2 _ aponent.Theyalsodi erfromO OPENO inthattheydonotrequirethecallerto2  Ka\loginRto"theremotehost(usingtheLambdaconventions).2 K2 w [[U2  O5O 1269Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @F|unction2 @2 @KO tcpa:open-easy-tcp-streamOremote-addressremote-port2 @ vlocal-port&restargs2 v ,O F|unction2 ,2 ,KO tcpa:open-easy-udp-streamOremote-addressremote-port2 , blocal-port&restargs2 b -KO NotethatthenormalTCPcon~v~entionsforlogginginRtotheremotehostmust2 - cKstillbefollo~wed.2 c UKBothO OPENO and\easy"routinesacceptthefolloRwingkeywordarguments:2 U bKO :keyword-2 b2 b2 b ;O AsymRbolicnamefordisplaywithinO PeekO .2  \KO :connect-2 \2 \2 \ ;O TRO toconnectonOPEN(thedefault),NILtolistenbutnotconnect.2  VKO :buffered-2 V2 V2 V  ;O TO toreturnabu eredstream(thedefault),O NILO forunbu ered.2  QKO :auto-force-output-2 Q2 Q2 Q ;O TO topRerformO :force-outputO aftereac~hoperation;O NILO isdefault.2  KKO :direction-2 K2 K2 K ;O :bothO forbidirectionalI/O(thedefault),oreitherO :inputO orO :outputO .2  FKO :input-buffers-2 F2 F2 F {;O Num~berofbu ersforinputside(defaultis4).2 { @KO :output-buffers-2 @2 @2 @ v;O Num~berofbu ersforoutputside(defaultis4).2 v :KO :for-udp2 :2 :;O IfO TO ,returnsaUDPstream.2 : KO :initial-gauges-2 2 2  5K:gauge-name-2 52 52 5 k;O Alistofgaugek~eyw~ordstocreate,andthenameforwindowgauges.2 k !;O gauge-name O defaults to \TCPR #" or \UDP#", where \#" is the local2 ! W;pRortnum~ber.SeetheOLam~bda4.0ReleaseNotesO forinformationon2 W  ;thenewO tv:fancy-landscapeO gaugescon guration.2  QKO :connect-2 Q2 Q2 Q ;O F{orRTCPonly|,openthestreambutdonotconnect.Usethestream's2  =;O :acceptO methoRdtoconnectlater(seebelo~w).2 = ;KUDPopencallsalsoacceptthefolloRwingkeywordarguments:2 ; HKO :raw-2 H2 H;O TO foraraRwUDPpacketstream(thedefault).2 H KO :receives-out-2 2 2 C;O Num~bRerofpendingpack~etsUDPwillk~eepforthisstream(defaultis2 C y;4).2 y wKThefolloRwingkeywordargumentspRertaintosoc~k~et-lev~elRcontrol.*Exceptas2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91272 O2 O2  w @aindicated,theyapplytoTCPstreamsonly|.2 @ SaO :optimistic-2 S2 S2 S  QO TRO tosetan\optimisticwindow":TCPadv~ertisesawindowthatis2  ?Q\bigger"than(exceedsthen~umberof)aRv}ailablebu ers.Thisworks2 ? uQwellifthestreamusesupinputdatafasterthanthesenderanddoes2 u +Qnotgetbloc~ked.2 + uaO :open-timeout-2 u2 u2 u +QO Timeout,inunits60persecond,forconnectionorlisten.2 + uaO :send-timeout-2 u2 u2 u +QO Datatimeout,inunits60persecond.2 + KO14.4.2.4#TCPServ~erStreams2 2  saO ThefolloRwingfunctionde nesaTCPserverutility|,Rthatis,aservicethatruns2 s )ainabacRkgroundprocessandcommunicateswithitsclientsviaabidirectional2 ) _aTCPstream.ThisfunctiondoResallthew~orkofsoc~k~etcreation,listeningand2 _ aaccepting,processcreation,andclean~up.2  '-F|unction2 '2 'aO tcpa:de ne-netw~ork-serviceOnameprotocol-name2 ' ]1transport-protocolRdocumentation&keytoplevel-function2 ] 1listen-portauto-enable?stream- avor2  IvO CausesthenetworkingRsoft~waretocreateasoc~kettolistenonOlisten-portO .2 I vOtransport-protocolO ma~ybeeitherO :TCPRO orO :UDPO forstreamanddatagram2  5vorienRtedservicesrespectively|.2 5 'vWhenRsomebodyconnectstothisport,aprocessiscreatedinwhic~hthe2 ' ]vOtoplevRel-functionO iscalledonastreamconnectedtotheactivesocket.2 ] vThestreamandsocketareautomaticallyclosedwhenthefunctionex-2  Ivits.IfOARUTO-ENABLE?O isnon-NIL,thisserverwillenabledbycallsto2 I vO enable-all-net~w~ork-servicesO (seeOO ),whicRhisrunwheneverthe2  5vnet~workingRsoft~wareisinitialized.2 5 KO14.4.2.5#OperationsonTCPStreams2 2 }aO TCPRstreamssupportthestandardI/Ostreamoperations,sucRhasO :tyiO ,O :tyoO ,2 } 3aO :string-outO ,O :listenO ,andsoforth.2 3 %aInaddition,TCPstreamssuppRortthefollo~wingoperations:2 %2 w [[U2  O5O 1289Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KO :accept-2 @2 @2 @ v;O IfthestreamwRascreatedwiththe\easy"interface,andtheO :connect2 v ,;O argumentRwasNIL,thismethodblockswaitingfortheconnectionto2 , b;open.2 b )KO :close-2 )2 )2 ) _;O ThestandardO :closeO semanRticsapply{.AOmodeO ofO :normalO isequiv}alent2 _ ;toONILO ;anormalclosingisnon-blocking,allowingfurtherdatato2  K;arrive.AOmoRdeO ofO :discardO doesnotpermitfurtherI/O.AOmodeO of2 K ;O :abortRO abortstheconnection.2  :5O14.4.2.6#OperationsonUDPStreams2 :2 : ,KO I/ORonaUDPstreamisperformedwiththeO :read-packRetO and/orO :write-packet2 , bKO method.2 b qKO :read-packet&optionalpkt(start0)end-2 q2 q2 q ';O Getthenextpacketstring.IfOpktO issupplied,itmustbeanormal2 ' ];vRectororstring,andthepacketdataiscopiedintoit.Otherwise,a2 ] ;O UDP-BUFFERO isreturned.2  YKO :write-packetpkt&optional(start0)(end(lengthpkt))remote-portremote-address2 Y2 Y2 Y ;O WR|ritethepac~k~etdatafromOpktO ,anarray,outo~vertheUDPstream.2  E;Oremote-portO andOremote-addressO areonlyrequirediftheywerenot2 E {;spReci edonO :openO .2 { BKO :bindremote-portremote-address2 B2 B2 B x;O IftheOremote-pRortO orOremote-addressO werenotspeci edonO :openO ,2 x .;associatethesev}alueswiththisstreamsothattheyarenolonger2 . d;neededforO :write-pack~etO operations.2 d 5O14.4.2.7#TCPandUDPStreamsExamples2 2  KO ThefolloRwingexamplesimplementverysimplestreamoperations.$Thetech-2  EKniquesillustratedherearenotideal;theyareprovidedforillustrationonly|.2 E 7KO UDPStreamsExample:2 7 )KO ThisexampleusesaUDPstreamtogetthestatusinformationfromanImagen2 ) _KstandaloneRnetw~orkprinter.ThesourcefortheactualLambdainterfacetothe2 _ KImagen,R whic~h does not use streams,is conRtained in the le O "O SYS:NETWORK;IP-2  KKTCP;USER;IMA~GENO "O .2 K2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91292 O2 O2  w @;O (defunbig-endian-bytes(array&restbytes)2 @ ro"Combinebytesintoaninteger,mostsignificantcomefirst"2 r $o(do((number0(+(*number256)(arefarray(carl))))2 $ Vr(lbytes(cdrl)))2 V X((nulll)number)))2  k;(defvar*last-bogus-buffer*nil)2 k O;(defunget-imagen-status(&optional(printersi:*default-printer*)2 O ;&auxaddress)2  2o(assert(setqaddress(ip:parse-internet-addressprinter))2 2 dA(printer)2 d A"~AisnotavalidInternethostnameoraddress"printer)2  Ho(with-open-file(stream(formatnil"UDP-HOST:~A.IMAGEN"address))2 H +$(let((buff(udp:get-udp-buffer)))2 + ]X(fillarraybuff'(0.))2 ] X(funcallstream:write-packetbuff)2  AX(sendstream:force-output)2 A sX(dotimes(j12.)2 s % (if(and(funcallstream:listen)2 % Vx(funcallstream:read-packetbuff)2 V x(not(zerop(array-active-lengthbuff))))2  :u(return)2 : lA(process-sleep60."WaitingforImagen")))2 l X(cond2  O ((nullbuff)2 O &(formatt"Imagenstatusnotavailable"))2  3 ((zerop(array-active-lengthbuff))2 3 e&(warn"NullUDPpacketreceived")2 e &;;Helpfordebugging:2  H&(setq*last-bogus-buffer*buff)2 H z&nil)2 z , (:else2 , ^[(formatt"~&~A"2 ^ ,(substringbuff2  BL(big-endian-bytesbuff161)2 B sL(+(big-endian-bytesbuff161)2 s %(big-endian-bytesbuff1819)))))))))2 %2 w [[U2  O5O 1309Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OSO 1312 O2 O2  w d)OP}art'III2 d n|OAppendices2 n2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1329Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91332 O2 O2  w  h OAppendix!A2 h TBHost/System!T}ypes2 T2  JKOA.1*LISPMacR~hineSystemTypes2 J2 J BKOA.1.1"LISPM-LISPMac~hineHosts2 B2 B 4aO AllMIT-tRypeLISPmachines{Lambdas,CADRs,Explorers,andSymbolics{2 4 jaarede nedasO "O LISPM,LISPMO "O inLambdasite les.2 j UKMac~hinet~ypes:2 U2 UO keithO >O release-4O >O le.text.4O "2 w2 w2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1349Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5OA.2*UNIXHosts2 @2 @ 2KO Thishostand le-systemtRypeprovidespathnameparsingfunctionalitycom-2 2 hKpatiblewithmostUniximplemen~tations.,Somecommonextensionsarenot2 h Kimplemented.2  KF{orexample,ApRollopathnamescannotbeconstructedwithreferencestoother2  FKnodesonthenetw~ork.2 F 8KAlso, the standard Unix directory line parser may not function with some remote2 8 nKhosts.WhilemostUnixFTPservRersprovidealistingfromthecommandO "O ls-lO "2 n $KO inaformatthatisgenerallyaccepted,somedonot.2 $ KSee11.1.1.2,UnixP~athnames,forfurtherinformation.2  5Mac~hinet~ypes:2 2 &NU(LamRbda-Plus),V{AX,SUN,APOLLO,2 2 2  8&SGI,MASSCOMP2 82 82 8 n5Hosttype:2 n2 n&FS::UNIX-HOST2 n2 n2 n $5Hostmixin:2 $2 $&SI:HOST-UNIX-MIXIN2 $2 $2 $ Z5Parsingdirectories:2 Z2 Z&FS::UNIX-DIRECTOR{Y-LINE-P|ARSER2 Z2 Z2 Z 5Pathname av~or:2 2 &FS::UNIX-P|A{THNAME2 2 2  F5Examplepathname:2 F2 F&O "O LURCH://keith//release-4// le.txO "2 F2 F2 F |5OA.2.1"UNIX-SGIFile-SystemType2 |2 | mKO TheO :UNIX-SGIO le-systemt~ypReshouldbespeci edforSiliconGraphicsUnix2 m #Ksystems.$ThisisproRvidedtoaccomodateaknownexceptiontothestandard2 # YKUnixdirectorylineparsing.2 Y E5Parsingdirectories:2 E2 E&FS::UNIX-SGI-DIRECTOR|Y-LINE-P{ARSER2 E2 E2 E 5OA.3*DECHosts2 2 A5OA.3.1"DECVxAX/VMSHosts2 A2 A 3KO VMSpathnamesfolloRwV|ersion4namingconventions,butnamelengthlimita-2 3 iKtionsarenotimposed.DevRelopersmayneedtotransform lenames,sincemany2 i KcRharacterspermittedbytheLambRdawillnotbeacceptabletoVMS.2  5StandardmacRhinetype:2 2 &V{AX2 2 2 A5Hosttype:2 A2 A&FS::VMS-HOST2 A2 A2 A w5Hostmixin:2 w2 w&SI:HOST-VMS-MIXIN2 w2 w2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91352 O2 O2  w @KParsingdirectories:2 @2 @O FILE.TEXT.4O "2 M2 M2 M KOA.4*MiscellaneousHosts2 2  qKOA.4.1"ITS-IncompatibleTimeSharingSystemHosts2 q2 q ]KO StandardmacRhinetype:2 ]2 ]O k~eithO >O release4O >O le.textO "2 V2 V2 V 3KOA.4.3"TENEXHosts2 32 3 KO StandardmacRhinetype:2 2 O FILE.TEXT;4O "2 w2 w2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1369Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5OA.4.4"LMFILEFile-SystemT~ype2 @2 @ 2KO This lesystemtRypereferstoanobsoletetypeofLISPmachinelocal leaccess.2 2 5Hosttype/ leaccess:2 2 &FS::LMFILE-HOST2 2 2  W5OA.4.5"DEFyAR~ULzTHostType2 W2 W IKO TheO DEF{ARUL|TO hosttypeisprovidedforO ad-ho}cO hostde nition(whennothing2 I Kelsewilldo).!Notethatyoucannotcreatepathnamesforahostwithsystem2  5KtypeDEFzAUL|T.2 5  5StandardmacRhinetype:2  2  &DEF{AUL|T2  2  2  V5Hostmixin:2 V2 V&SI::DEFzA~UL|T-SYSTEM-TYPE-MIXIN2 V2 V2 V  5F{orde ninghost:2  2  &SI::DEFzA~UL|T-HOST2  2  2  2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91372 O2 O2  w  vOAppendix!B2 v \VUnix!Comm}unications2 \2  JKOB.1)LamR~bda-PlusUnixNetworkingArchitecture2 J2 J <aO The LamRbda-Plus System 5 Unix software includes an implementation of Chaos-2 < ranet.Normally|,Lam~bRda-PlusUnixusesaconnectedLISPprocessorasafront-2 r (aendChaosnetserver.)How~ever,itispossibleforUnixtocon~trolthe3COM2 ( ^ahardwareRinterface,andthusaccesstheph~ysicalnet~workdirectly;butthisisnot2 ^ arecommended,sinceitpreven~tstheLISPprocessor(s)fromusingthe3COM.2  aTheUnixutilitiesO hostatO [Unix]andO cftpO (ChaosnetFileT|ransferProgram)pro-2  <avidefunctionalitRysimilartotheirLISPprogramcounterparts.2 < .aNotethatLambRda-PlusUnixdoesnotsupporttheExcelaninterface,anddoes2 . danotproRvideanyTCP/IPaccess.However,thereisawayforLambda-PlusUnix2 d ahosts to accessTCP/IP indirectly|,using the fronRt-end service of a Lambda LISP2  Pahost.AusercanrunO cftpO toissue letransferrequeststoaremoteChaosnet2 P ahost,RspecifyingaremoteTCPpathname,andtheremoteChaosnethostwill2  ;aforwRardthe leviaChaosnet.Seebelowforanexample.2 ; KOB.2)UnixChaosnetCon guration2 2  taO TheproRcessofrecon guringChaosnetonaLam~bda-PlusUnixhostisdocu-2 t *amenRtedintheORelease3.0LambRdaOperationsManRualO .Thissectionisintended2 * `atoproRvideadditionalbackgroundmaterial.2 `2 w [[U2  O5O 1389Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5OB.2.1"UnixChaosnetStartup2 @2 @ 2KO The leO "O /etc/inittabO "O distributedwithSystem5de nesmulti-userinitializa-2 2 hKtionsforChaosnet,asfollows:2 h %chi1::sysinit:/etc/c~hinitO >O /dev/syscon2O >O &12  F%chi2::sysinit:/etc/c~hserv~erRO >O /dev/null2O >O &12 F DKThesemaRybecommentedout,orthedesiredrun-levelforChaosnetmaybe2 D zKestablished(forexample,O "O chi1:2a:...O "O w~ouldinitializeChaosnetwhengoingto2 z 0Krun-levRel2,whichistherecommendedrun-level).2 0 "KThestartupscriptO /etc/rc2O distributedwithSystem5alsomakResaprovisionfor2 " XKinitializingChaosnet.Itincludesthefollowingcommands:2 X %O #starttheCHAOSnetserver,ifit'snotalreadyrunning...2  6%ifgrep"chserver$"<$ps>/dev/null2>&1;then:;else2 6 hv/etc/chserver>/dev/null2>&1;echo"chserver\c"2 h %fi2  KO ThRuswhenUnixisbootedmulti-user,theO chserverO serverprogramwillenable2  NK letransfer,inRter-processorcommunications,andotherChaosnetservices.2 N @KIt maRy be necessary to reset Chaosnet and re-initialize the server programs if, for2 @ vKexample,thehosttablehasbReenmodi ed.ThefolloRwingscriptisnotprovided2 v ,KwithSystem5,butitcanbecreatedandruntoresetChaosnet:2 , X%O #!/bin/sh2 X  %##/etc/chreset2  <%###ResetChaosnet2 < %#Readinprocessstatusinfo2  %ps=/tmp/chreset-ps2  5%ps-e|grep"chserver$">$ps2 5 %#killtheChaosnetserver,ifit'srunning...2  |%ifgrep"chserver$"<$ps>/dev/null2>&1;then2 | .v(awk'{print"kill",$1}'<$ps)|tee|sh2 . `%else2 ` vecho"Chaosserversnotrunning."2  C%fi2 C2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91392 O2 O2  w @;O sleep52 @ $;ps-e|grep"chserver$">$ps2 $ V;ifgrep"chserver$"<$ps>/dev/null2>&1;then2 V  echo"Chaosserversrefusedtodie."2  9;else2 9 k /etc/chinit;echo"chinit\c"2 k  /etc/chserver>/dev/null2>&1;echo"chserver\c"2  O echo"\nChaosnetreset`date`\n"2 O ;fi2  d;rm$ps2 d KOB.2.2"AllocatingtheEthernetIn~terface2 2  aO Asnotedpreviously|,normalChaosnetoperationsin~volveaconnectedLISPpro-2  FacessoractingasaninRtermediaryorfront-endserver.Butifa3COMEthernet2 F |abRoardisa~v~ailablewhenUnixboots,theLambda-Plusprocessorwillallocateit2 | 2adirectly|.2 2 $aUnix can also alloRcate the 3COM on request;this may be necessary|, for example,2 $ ZaiftheLISPprocessorisshRutdownforanextendedtime.Deviceallocationis2 Z aconRtrolled with the utility program O /etc/ckO , which displays or modi es the status2  FaofdevicessharedbRetw~eenLISPandUnixprocessors.2 F 8aF{orexample,thecommandO /etc/ck-aO displaRysthestatusofeachshareddevice.2 8 naThedevice\Ethernet"referstothe3COMboard,whichisnormallylistedas2 n $a\o~wnedRbylambdainslot0".2 $ aThecommandO /etc/ck-fethernetOfreesO the3COMboardforusebyanother2  Laprocessor.2 L >aThecommandO /etc/ck-tethernetOstealsO the3COMboardawa~yfromitsowner2 > tasothatUnixmaRyallocateit.Atthispoint,resettingtheChaosnetsoftware(see2 t *aabo~v~e)willcauseChaosnettousethehardwRaredirectly|,thusaccessingremote2 * `aChaosnethostsonthephRysicalnetwork.2 ` RaThecorrectproRceduretopassthe3COMboardfromLISPtoUnixisasfollows:2 R ~;O InLISP-2 ~ bU(setqsi:dont-use-3comt)2 b U(si:set-processor-owning-ethernet:give-up:3com)2  EU(net:configure)2 E2 w [[U2  O5O 1409Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @%O InUnix-2 @ r?/etc/ck-tethernet2 r pKO W{arning:O thisshouldneverbRedonewhenaLISPprocessorisoperatingwith2 p &Kthe3COMinterface.2 & c5OB.3)UnixRNet}w~orkingOperations2 c2 c UKO TheinformationinthissectionistakRenfrommanualpagesintheUnixdocu-2 U  Kmentationset.2  65OB.3.1"Hostat2 62 6 'KO Synopsis:2 ' T%O hostat[hosts]2 T RKO Description:2 R DKHostat repRorts on the status of Chaosnet hosts.Zero or more host names may be2 D zKsuppliedonthecommandline.Ifnohostnamesaresupplied,allhostspresent2 z 0Kinthebinaryhost-tableO /etc/hostbinO arepolledforstatus.2 0 "KThefolloRwingitemsarereported(numbersaredecimalunlessindicatedother-2 " XKwise):hostname,Roctalhostaddress,oRctalsubnetn~umber,numberofpackets2 X KreceivRedandtransmitted,numberofpacketsabortedandlost,numberofpack-2  DKetshaRvinginv}alidchecksums,numberofpacketshavinganinv}alidlength,and2 D zKn~umberofpacketsrejectedforlac~kofsystembu erspace.2 z lKIfahostdoResnotrespondwithinatimeoutperiod(about15seconds),hostat2 l "KskipsitandgoResontothenexthost.Theusermaycauseahosttobeskipped2 " XKbReforethetimeoutperiodexpiresbRytypingtheinterruptcharacterontheter-2 X Kminal.)Tw~oRin~terruptcharacterstypedinrapidsuccessionwillaborthostat2  DKen~tirely{.2 D 5KExample:2 5 b%O%hostatit2 b %LMI-COUSIN-IT(03741):CousinIt2  E%subnetrcvdxmtdabrtWlostWcrc1Wcrc2WlengWrej2 E w%7R224615m228555m33000002 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91412 O2 O2  w @;O%2 @ yKOB.3.2"CFTP-ChaosnetFileTzransferProgram2 y2 y kaO TheUnixO cftpO programproRvidesfunctionalityanalogoustotheTCP/FTPcom-2 k !amandO ftp:ftpO (seepage97).ThisistheonlystandardmethodinUnixforcopy-2 ! Waing,forRexample, lesfromaLambdaLISPsystemintoaUnix lesystem.(In2 W  aLISP|,manRymethodsforcopyingLISP lesovertoaUnixsystemareav}ailable:2  CaO fs:copy- leO ,ZMacs,etc.)2 C 5aThe proRcedure for using O cftp O in~v~olves opening a connection to a remote Chaosnet2 5 kahostandsendingit letransferand/orstatusrequests.Theremotehostnor-2 k  amallyparsesthepathnamesitreceivReswithrespecttoitsownparsingschemes.2  VaThis pro~vides one useful feature:a Unix usercantransfer lesfrom remote TCP2 V  ahostsviaaChaosnethost.2  ~aF{orexample,iftheconnectedLISPmachinehostisO MYHOSTO ,andthereisa2 ~ 4aremoteRTCP/IPV{AXhostO MY-VzAXO ,thefollowingprocedurecouldbeusedto2 4 jatransfera lefromtheVzAXtothelocalUnixhost:2 j ;O %Ocftpm~yhost2  H;O cftp>Ogetmy-v}ax:[keith]login.com2 H z;O LoginID:Ok~eith2 z ,;O Password:2 , ^;Tolocalfile:O/tmp/login.com2 ^ ;O OPEN2505/07/8811:52:001536NIL2  A;VAX:USER_DISK:[USERS.KEITH]LOGIN.COM;252 A %;1213bytesin1seconds=1.18457Kbitspersecond2 % W;cftp>Oquit2 W  ;O %2  aO T|oreviewthedocumenRtationoneachcommand,executeO mancftpO .2 2 w [[U2  O5O 1429Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91432 O2 O2  w  X .$OConcept!Index2 .2  w ?KOA2 ? yKOaborting hung connections2 y.J y&.p y' . y&.= y&.c y'. y&.0 y' .W y&.} y&.# y2292 y +KAmnesia2 +e . +&.= +&.c +'. +&.0 +' .W +&.} +&.# +'.J +&.p +' . +&.= +&.c +'. +&.0 +' .W +&.} +&.# +2502 + ]Karchitecture2 ]1.c ]'. ]&.0 ]' .W ]&.} ]&.# ]'.J ]&.p ]' . ]&.= ]&.c ]'. ]&.0 ]' .W ]&.} ]-7, 352 ] Kassociated machine2 % .W &.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2532  kKOB2 k %KOBerkeley 4.2 Unix2 % WIP broadcasting2 W% .W W&.} W&.# W'.J W&.p W' . W&.= W&.c W'. W&.0 W' .W W&.} W&.# W2592 W  Kboot order2   .=  &.c  '.  &.0  ' .W  &.}  &.#  '.J  &.p  ' .  &.=  &.c  '.  &.0  ' .W  &.}  &.#  E92  ;Kbooting from selected band2 ;.J ;&.p ;' . ;&.= ;&.c ;'. ;&.0 ;' .W ;&.} ;&.# ;2762 ; "KOC2 " \KOChaosnet2 \ host status2 X. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2862  @mail servers2 @X. @&.0 @' .W @&.} @&.# @'.J @&.p @' . @&.= @&.c @'. @&.0 @' .W @&.} @&.# @2622 @ KOD2  WKOdirectory line parsing2 WK.} W&.# W'.J W&.p W' . W&.= W&.c W'. W&.0 W' .W W&.} W&.# W2512 W  Kdisk devices2  1.c  '.  &.0  ' .W  &.}  &.#  '.J  &.p  ' .  &.=  &.c  '.  &.0  ' .W  &.}  &.#  2612  ;Kdisk unit2 ;e . ;&.= ;&.c ;'. ;&.0 ;' .W ;&.} ;&.# ;'.J ;&.p ;' . ;&.= ;&.c ;'. ;&.0 ;' .W ;&.} ;&.# ;2942 ; lKdisk-sa~ve2 le . l&.= l&.c l'. l&.0 l' .W l&.} l&.# l'.J l&.p l' . l&.= l&.c l'. l&.0 l' .W l&.} l&.# l2752 l Kdotted decimal notation2 q.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2462  {KOF2 { 5KO le access methods2 5% .W 5&.} 5&.# 5'.J 5&.p 5' . 5&.= 5&.c 5'. 5&.0 5' .W 5&.} 5&.# 52802 5 gK le access paths2 gX. g&.0 g' .W g&.} g&.# g'.J g&.p g' . g&.= g&.c g'. g&.0 g' .W g@31, 802 g K le system type2 X. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2502  KK le system types2 K~.0 K' .W K&.} K&.# K'.J K&.p K' . K&.= K&.c K'. K&.0 K' .W K&.} K&.# K2612 K |KFinger program2 |X. |&.0 |' .W |&.} |&.# |'.J |&.p |' . |&.= |&.c |'. |&.0 |' .W |&.} |&.# |2582 | .KfronRt-end TCP Chaos server2 .>.p .' . .&.= .&.c .'. .&.0 .<7, 17, 322 . `KFTP command2 `X. `&.0 `' .W `&.} `&.# `'.J `&.p `' . `&.= `&.c `'. `&.0 `' .W `&.} `&.# `2272 ` =KOH2 = wKOhardware initialization2 wK.} w&.# w'.J w&.p w' . w&.= w&.c w'. w&.0 w' .W w&.} w&.# w2242 w2 w ? host arguments2 ?-._ ?&. ?' ., ?&.R ?&.x ?'. ?&.E ?' .l ?&. ?&.8 ?'._ ?&. ?' ., ?&.R ?&.x ?2972 ? q host name2 q`. q&.8 q'._ q&. q' ., q&.R q&.x q'. q&.E q' .l q&. q&.8 q'._ q&. q' ., q@13, 392 q " host object2 "`. "&.8 "'._ "&. "' ., "&.R "&.x "'. "&.E "' .l "&. "&.8 "'._ "&. "' ., "-50, 1162 "  OI2  P OImagen printer2 P-._ P&. P' ., P&.R P&.x P'. P&.E P' .l P&. P&.8 P'._ P&. P' ., P-28, 1022 P [Impress format2 z ., &.R &.x '. &.E ' .l &. &.8 '._ &. ' ., &.R D1032  4 initializations2 4 f[Chaosnet services2 f .R f&.x f'. f&.E f' .l f&. f&.8 f'._ f&. f' ., f&.R f&.x f2582 f [network con guration2 m. &.E ' .l &. &.8 '._ &. ' ., &.R &.x 2372  I[system default2 IS. I' ., I&.R I&.x I'. I&.E I' .l I&. I&.8 I'._ I&. I' ., I&.R I&.x I2562 I {[system time2 {-._ {&. {' ., {&.R {&.x {'. {&.E {' .l {&. {&.8 {'._ {&. {' ., {&.R {&.x {2572 { - Internet addresses2 -S. -' ., -&.R -&.x -'. -&.E -' .l -&. -&.8 -'._ -&. -' ., -&.R -&.x -2482 - _ Internet classes2 _-._ _&. _' ., _&.R _&.x _'. _&.E _' .l _&. _&.8 _'._ _&. _' ., _&.R _&.x _2472 _ H OL2 H  OLambda-Plus2 .8 '._ &. ' ., &.R &.x '. &.E ' .l &. &.8 '._ &. )9, 20, 1372  v OM2 v 0 Omachine locations2 0S. 0' ., 0&.R 0&.x 0'. 0&.E 0' .l 0&. 0&.8 0'._ 0&. 0' ., 0&.R 0&.x 02532 0 b mail2 b [bug reports2 -._ &. ' ., &.R &.x '. &.E ' .l &. &.8 '._ &. ' ., &.R &.x 2632  E[default protocol2 Ez ., E&.R E&.x E'. E&.E E' .l E&. E&.8 E'._ E&. E' ., E&.R E&.x E2632 E w[restricting F}rom eld2 wF.x w'. w&.E w' .l w&. w&.8 w'._ w&. w' ., w&.R w&.x w2632 w ) microcode2 )`. )&.8 )'._ )&. )' ., )&.R )&.x )'. )&.E )' .l )&. )&.8 )'._ )&. )' ., )&.R )&.x )2832 )  ON2  L Onetwork2 L: .l L&. L&.8 L'._ L&. L' ., L&.R L&.x L'. L&.E L' .l L&. L&.8 L'._ L&. L' ., L&.R LD1012 L ~ Network command (see Peek)2 ~: .l ~&. ~&.8 ~'._ ~&. ~' ., ~&.R ~&.x ~2862 ~ 0 network names2 0-._ 0&. 0' ., 0&.R 0&.x 0'. 0&.E 0' .l 0&. 0&.8 0'._ 0&. 0' ., 0&.R 0&.x 02542 0 b[restart2 b`. b&.8 b'._ b&. b' ., b&.R b&.x b'. b&.E b' .l b&. b&.8 b'._ b&. b' ., b&.R b&.x b2862 b [services2 `. &.8 '._ &. ' ., &.R &.x '. &.E ' .l &. &.8 '._ &. ' ., &.R &.x 2812  E network services2 E w[enabling/disabling2 w .R w&.x w'. w&.E w' .l w&. w&.8 w'._ w&. w' ., w@81, 852 w2 w2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1449Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w  @pOsh~ut-down2 @B.t @&. @' .A @&.g @&. @'.4 @&.Z @' . @&.' @&.M @'.t @&. @' .A @&.g @&. @2792 @ rpstart-up2 r.M r'.t r&. r' .A r&.g r&. r'.4 r&.Z r' . r&.' r&.M r'.t r&. r' .A r&.g r&. r2792 r $pstatistics2 $.M $'.t $&. $' .A $&.g $&. $'.4 $&.Z $' . $&.' $&.M $'.t $&. $)24, 83, 852 $ 5OP2  K5Opack name2 Ku.' K&.M K'.t K&. K' .A K&.g K&. K'.4 K&.Z K' . K&.' K&.M K813, 20, 39, 492 K }5packet bu ers2 }B.t }&. }' .A }&.g }&. }'.4 }&.Z }' . }&.' }&.M }'.t }&. }' .A }@83, 872 } /5pathname problems2 / .A /&.g /&. /'.4 /&.Z /' . /&.' /&.M /'.t /&. /' .A /&.g /&. /2972 / `5Peek2 ` pChaosnet2 .M '.t &. ' .A &.g &. '.4 &.Z ' . &.' &.M '.t &. ' .A &.g &. 2862  Dphostat2 Du.' D&.M D'.t D&. D' .A D&.g D&. D'.4 D&.Z D' . D&.' D&.M D'.t D&. D' .A D&.g D&. 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S&.' S&.M S'.t S&. S' .A S&.g S&. S2702 S pfrom previous releases2 .4 &.Z ' . &.' &.M '.t &. ' .A @15, 682  6ploading2 6u.' 6&.M 6'.t 6&. 6' .A 6&.g 6&. 6'.4 6&.Z 6' . 6&.' 6&.M 6'.t 6&. 6' .A 6&.g 6&. 62722 6 hpremote2 hu.' h&.M h'.t h&. h' .A h&.g h&. h'.4 h&.Z h' . h&.' h&.M h'.t h&. h' .A h&.g h&. h2692 h psample les2 B.t &. ' .A &.g &. '.4 &.Z ' . &.' &.M '.t &. ' .A @64, 682 2  @ site name2 @J.| @&." @'.I @&.o @' . @&.< @&.b @'. @&./ @' .V @&.| @&." @'.I @&.o @' . @@51, 562 @ r source directories2 r=.o r' . r&.< r&.b r'. r&./ r' .V r&.| r&." r'.I r&.o r' . r&.< r&.b r2152 r $ startup initializations2 $ .< $&.b $'. $&./ $' .V $&.| $&." $'.I $&.o $' . $@37, 562 $ V subnet mask2 Vp." V'.I V&.o V' . V&.< V&.b V'. V&./ V' .V V&.| V&." V'.I V&.o V' . V@48, 542 V  system host2 p." '.I &.o ' . &.< &.b '. &./ ' .V &.| &." 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N1.6 NR592 N 9.3.9De ningF|oreignSystems. 2.6 2.h 1. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 R612  99.3.10MailOptions. 92.= 92.o 91. 92.R 92. 92.6 92.h 91. 92.K 92.} 92./ 92.a 92. 91.D 92.v 92.( 92.Z 92. 91.= 92.o 92.! 92.S 92. 91.6 9R622 9 og9.4UpdatingSiteFiles-.= o2.o o1. o2.R o2. o2.6 o2.h o1. o2.K o2.} o2./ o2.a o2. o1.D o2.v o2.( o2.Z o2. o1.= o2.o o2.! o2.S o2. o1.6 oR632 o %9.4.1GettingStarted$.= %2.o %1. %2.R %2. %2.6 %2.h %1. %2.K %2.} %2./ %2.a %2. %1.D %2.v %2.( %2.Z %2. %1.= %2.o %2.! %2.S %2. %1.6 %R632 % [J9.4.1.1SettingtheSYSTEMHOSTinLISP.a [2. [1.D [2.v [2.( [2.Z [2. [1.= [2.o [2.! [2.S [2. [1.6 [R652 [ J9.4.1.2SettingtheSYSTEMHOSTinSYS.TRANSLA|TIONS$.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 R662  G9.4.2UsingtheSampleSiteFiles.6 G2.h G1. G2.K G2.} G2./ G2.a G2. G1.D G2.v G2.( G2.Z G2. G1.= G2.o G2.! G2.S G2. 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