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atothenetworkingRsoft~wareintermsofO functionalityO ,O installationO ,O c~on gur}ationO ,2  7aandRO op}er~atingpr}o}c~e}dur}esO .%Themajorareasofc~hangearecoveredinseparate2 7 machapters:2 m ~&O2 ~YO SummaryofMajorChanges[ChapterO2O ]2 ~ G&O2 GYO InstallationProcedure[ChapterO3O ]2 G &O2 YO UpgradingtoRelease4[ChapterO4O ]2  X&O2 XYO ChangestoOpReratingProcedures[ChapterO5O ]2 X !&O2 !YO ChangestoTCP/IPApplications[ChapterO6O ]2 ! j&O2 jYO KnownBugsandLimitations[ChapterO7O ]2 j haF{olloRwingtheinstallationofRelease4,theLambdasystemmanagershould2 h aexecutethenetworkcon gurationproRceduresdocumen~tedhere.2 K WAX wS hO1} w} wO HereafterreferredtosimplyasO R}ele}ase4} w2 w [[U2  O5O 2kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w K A> y A  O Note:'O T|oproRvideproperlyfunctioningnetworkingsoftware,you(orthe  =LamRbdasystemmanageratyoursite)OmustO readthismanualcarefullyand = sperformtherequiredsite lecon gurationandinstallation. s ,A  }  A> y2 2  W5O1.2*Net~w}orkingGuide2 W2 W IKO PRartIIofthismanual,entitledO Net~w~orkingGuideO ,providescomprehensive2 I KdocumenRtationonLISPnetworkingsoftware. ThechaptersinPartIIinclude2  5KnewinformationaswRellasinformationgatheredfromearliermanuals:2 5 DO2 DCO SystemArchitecture[ChapterO8O ]2 D  O2  CO Con gurationProcedures[ChapterO9O ]2  QO2 QCO OperatingRProcedures[ChapterO10O ]2 Q O2 CO GenericRNetw~orkingApplications[ChapterO11O ]2  ^O2 ^CO TCP/IPApplications[ChapterO12O ]2 ^ %O2 %CO ChaosnetServices[ChapterO13O ]2 % kO2 kCO Net~workProgrammingT{opics[ChapterO14O ]2 k jKExperiencedRLambdasystemmanagersma~ybeabletomakethenecessarycon-2 j  K gurationchangesafterreadingChapter4,O UpgradingtoRelease4O .Others2  VK(including system managers with new Lam~bRda systems) should proceed to Chap-2 V  KterR9,O Con gurationProceduresO ,whichfullydocumentsthecon guration2  BKprocess.2 B 4KUsersofpreviousreleasesshouldreadChapter5,O ChangestoOperating2 4 jKProceduresO forinformationonfunctionalitRythathaschanged.Completeop-2 j  Keratinginformationispro~videdinChapter10,RO OperatingProceduresO ,and2  VKsubsequen~tchapters.2 V 5O1.3*Appendices2 2  KO PRartIIIofthismanualcontainssupplementarymaterialonv~arioustopics.2  KAppRendixA,O Host/SystemT~ypesO ,documenRtsthecurrentlysupportednet-2 6KwRorkhosttypes.'Eachhost avorislisted,alongwithitsrelatedattributes2 6 lK(sucRhasthekeywordsthatdetermineahost'smachineandsystemtype).2 l ^KAppRendixB,O UnixComm~unicationsO ,documentsselectedfeaturesoftheLMI2 ^ KSystem5UnixChaosnetsoftw~are,whic~hisproRvidedwithLambda-Plus(68010)2  JKsystems.2 J2 w [[U2  OO 32 O2 O2  w dVOP}art'I2 d n;ONet}w~orking!Release!Notes2 n2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 4kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuidek52 O2 O2  w  slO22 s ISSummary!of!Major!Changes2 I2  aO Lam~bRda computer systems support LAN (Local Area Netw~ork)comm~unications2  5abRy means of two di erent Ethernet &Otmw 5:O software protocols:TCP/IP and Chaosnet.2 5 'aWithRelease4,theLamRbdanetworkingsoftwarehasundergoneasubstantial2 ' ]aov~erhaul.TheRo~v~erallarchitecturehasbeenradicallyaltered,baseduponanew2 ] afunctionalrelationshipbet~weenthehardwRareinterfacesandLISPprocessors.2  IaTheRlo~w-leveldrivers(boardin~terfaces)ha~v~ebeenrev}amped,andthein~ter-2 I amediateprotoRcolla~y~ersarenowalmostcompletelydevice-independen~t.These2  5acRhangesresultinsigni cantimprovementsinperformanceandreliability{.2 5 'aFigure 1,Rpage6,depictsthe functional relationshipsbRetw~eencomponen~ts ofthe2 ' ]acommunicationsRarc~hitectureinthe\old"and\new"sc~hemes.2 ] OaNomajornewrestrictionshavebReenimposedbRythenewarchitecture,andno2 O ahardwaremoRdi cationsarerequired.Asbefore,theLam~bdasystemasawhole2  ;acansuppRortuptotw~oboards,oneofeacRhtype:!3COMandExcelan.(Two2 ; pabRoardsofthesamekindcannotbecomRbinedwithinoneLambdachassis.2 p baInpreviousreleases,eacRhnetworkprotocolwasimplementedwithadi erent2 b ahardwareRin~terface:a3COMboardw~asrequiredforChaosnet,andanExcelan2  NaboardwRasrequiredforTCP/IP|.OnLambdasystemswithmultipleLISPpro-2 N acessors,the rstproRcessortobootallocatedtheEthernetboard(s)andserv~ed2  :aasthefronRt-endforotherprocessorsonthebus.Givenaheavyloadofnetwork2 : patrac,thisresultedinnoticeableperformancedegradation.2 p baIn Release 4,bRotht~ypesofhardwRareinterfacesuppRortboth TCPOandO Chaosnet.2 b aThissigni canRtchangeresultsinimprovementsoverRelease3evenforsystems2  NawithasinglehardwRareinterface,sincetheLISPsoftwaremaynowuseeither2 N aprotocol.2  vaAs bRefore,if only one interface board is aRv~ailable, all Lambdas in the system may2 v2 w [[U2  O5O 6kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS VSln 1k@`@A`pCp0p`F8` `` p`|a|>s@@{_xC|8qC0`G`A`A`A A AcGxwoM`xx0p?@8pa@00@``@````a`AqAC?ap{@~gC>Lxx`xxL ~A>xxx` ?`<p 8  qp80?p00?@0`00`00@``A``Cppxx{`}`aab@p@<BG|dxDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@D@@@D@@`@DXADDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDx~ DDDDDDDDDDDDa0DD8DDyXDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDp0DDpDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDL1xCN0`fO0`fDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@DDADO@A`AD@`ACpD@D@DDDDDDDDDDDD@DDD@@DDD@@DDD@@DDD@@DDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDD    xDDDDDDDDDDDDcx 3       cx333 3cDDDDDDDDDD0DDaDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD0DDp0DDp0DDp0DD_DD@DD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDM0`{Brhz/>p$ Hdp>sg" 6sO*" h"{{xpp"q" >z" " 1 aAG2{`(*'&p "O"x 0`@a0`@ ```````````yo"""!h @`0 @`{@" #@"zUUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUU@*** UUUA*** UUU@***!UUU@ 0`0@!#fLX0pg@|UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****@h88#D$ $)H)H*UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUz***%UUU****EUUUJ***EUUU@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*0 ****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU*U`* U*1UR* DU*AA`0@@ @`c ?0p****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUCkb$H !"""** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** *** UUU@***,UUUG*** UUU@*** UUU@*** UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUH*HL!L@`iUUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUJ***UUU ***EUUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUU@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@UJ$*? 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?C0001C`3`scawDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD< ^|@~`Gq81 03 03 `3 `c pc<A?~oDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@@@@=|~C~|  |w^DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDpx  ?>x 0p`@@@@0 ``0xpxxx|DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDpx  xp?A@?A0 `xxDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD``a@``@`@@G@@CA@A~ ~@C_DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDhDDxDD 3DDDD`DDs0DD80DD?`DD'CDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDxDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""""""""DDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""""""00 0 DDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""B""`2""pDDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""""""""aDDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""""""""""""""cqDDDDDDDDDDDD""" """ """ """ """ """ DDDDDDDDDDDD"""""""""""""""DDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""""""""""DDDDDDDDDDDD""" """ """ """ """ xDD@DD@DD@x"A0"0"AA"?a""""""""""""# ""# ""# ""# ""# ""#~""""""p| 0 000 6p""""""""?Gp f    Gp f f f f?Fr""02""02""`B""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""aa""aa""aa""aa""a?"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""`@L`@L`@x`@x`@0`@x`@x`@L`@Lcq""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """""?"``"?"""""""""""""""0""00""00""00""00""""```ax0`0`0`0`0lC`8""""""""""""""""ax~ CCCCx~ @ @ @""" "  " b" " " " " """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""&""=`lpL<    """ """ """ """ """ """ ""0?""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" @Gax@""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""p"""_?"""0""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0`@`Q}v^ IdI IQt^ }`}@x@}`gNDpmgT`$DQE`"""""""""b"""0z"""pb"""@""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ DcE}tEE>{z@`30cC ew@PUNMaAEEq@>p!Bp>""""""';cCOz'("o"("z(""" @px^D!xA@AP{/>(ro (r/ ****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU***UUUA***UUU@*** 0` @aCFL0``Ox*+**UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUPppF11H1HR****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU ***uUUUJ***UUUU ***UUU***UUU***UUU***UUU***UT*(UT!*( UTD*(xUTH*(UT@`0  Bb3}UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****@@@*$ "D I qUUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UU***UU***[UU ***UU***UUUUUC***UUU@***UUUY***UUU@***UUU@***UUU@****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****RTT$B0AS****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU*****(UU|*(UT*(UT*(UUU***UUU***UUU***UUU***UUU***U"ERf9 UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****000000000000000Qj**UU***UU***UU***UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****` `;8nl;9AAnn>>;8nl;8nocc;8nl;9AAnn>>;8nl;8nl;8nl;8`AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>nl;8nlC;9A>nn> ;8nl;8fnoc;8nlC;9A>nn> ;8nl;8nl;8nl;8nlAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>nn;;nnAA;;>>nn;;nn;;ccnn;;nnAA;;>>nn;;nn;;nn;;nn;;nnAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>on;;nn;;nnA;;A>nn>;;nn;;cnnc;;nnA;;A>nn>;;nn;;nn;;nn;;nnAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>000000000]@w@]@w@]@WwAA=]~>wH]HwT}]ccw@]@WwAA=]~>wH]HwT]@w@]@w@]@ AAAG>>>= cccm AAAG>>>=  t\v\v\u]w@]@w@]@w@]w@]@w@]@w@]@w@]@w@]v\t ` @;8nldQJgDDD;;nn;;=sN@@D@8D@D@ysQx_EwE}gEDEt}pU@@x@@@Q|@}tNy@DQExEQy@FQI|DNE;; @@ w@]@\tP `p8?saaaa8sp?`03xXmXmXmXmXmXm8XmxXmX@@n@?s@qa@`a@`a@`a@`a@qa@?a@~`~pXx88xX@@`@?p@s8@a@a@a@a@s@?@?sa?aaaa`>aaaaa?a`p?q````q?  ```p 8       p `~`~?paa`a?p`nq````8`x`X``pxxxp~caac~lffcca ` `p p  x xx x  x xp pp?x?aaa=`pc`cax?=p 3ccT [#O Figure1.O Comparison,Release3vs.Release4g [ wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuidek72 O2 O2  w @astillaccessthenet~work.WhentheLISPproRcessorsbootup,asystemwitha2 @ vasingle bRoard will con gure itself such that the rst processor to boot con~trols the2 v ,abRoard.TheotherLISPprocessor(s)willusetheExtendedStreamsInterface Otm# ,2 , baO toaccessthenetw~orkthroughtheprocessorconRtrollingthehardware.2 b TaAsaresultofthenewdevice-independenRtscheme,twoLISPprocessorsonthe2 T  asamecRhassiscaneachcontroltheirownhardwareinterface.Thisleadstoim-2  @aprovedperformanceandreliabilitRy|,sinceinter-processorcommunicationsisre-2 @ vaducedtoaminim~um.2 v haTheorderinwhichLISPproRcessorsbootupisnotimportant,butforconsis-2 h atency{,the rstproRcessortobootupwillallocatethe3COMboard(ifpresen~t),2  TathesecondwillalloRcatetheExcelanboard(ifpresen~t).!Anyotherprocessors2 T  a(sucRhasUnixorathirdLambda)willusetheExtendedStreamsInterfaceto2  @aaccessthenetw~orkthroughtheproRcessorcontrollingthe3COMboard.2 @ 2aNote,Rho~wev~er,thatRanytimeaLambda-PlusUnixprocessorboots rst(i.e.,2 2 habReforetheLISPprocessors),itwillallocatethe3COM(ifa~v}ailable)toitself2 h afordirectChaosnetaccess.Thisbootordercausesaproblemina3COM-only2  Tacon guration:ChaosnetworksbRecause theLISPprocessor(s)canandwillroute2 T  aChaosnetRpacketstotheUnixprocessor,butO TCP/IPwillfailO becausetheUnix2  @aChaosnetRsoftw~arecannothandleTCP/IPpackets.2 @ 2aF{orthisreasonitisgenerallyrecommendedthatallproRcessorsbebootedin2 2 hasequence(atleastoninitialpower-up)withtheSDUcommandO newboot-aO .2 h aThisisO notO anewrestriction.2  }a `A> y tA }m SO IMPOR{T{ANTNOTE:O Itisnotadvisabletobootm~ultiplehostswithin S  thesamecRhassisondi erentreleases."Problemsarise,Rforexample,dueto  ?incompatiblehandlingofinRter-processorcommunicationsandIProuting. ? 1SomeproblemsmaRyevenoccurusingTCP/IPtocommunicatebetweenRe- 1 glease 3 and Release 4 hosts on the same net~work.See Section 7.2 for a detailed g explanation of the restrictions on compatibilitRy between Release 3 and Release  S4TCP/IP|. S t,A }m t }A> y2 }2 }2 w [[U2  O5O 8kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuidek92 O2 O2  w  |lO32 | RRInstallation!Procedure2 R2  JKO3.1*Soft~w~areInstallation2 J2 J <aO TheRelease4net~workingRsoft~wareisloadedinthedistributionbandanddoes2 < ranotrequireaseparateinstallationorenablingprocedure.2 r %KO3.1.1#InstallingSourcesandOptions2 %2 % aO TheRnet~workingsoft~waresourcedirectoryO "O SYS:NETWORK;O "O isprovidedwith2  MatheO\Release4LISPSources"O distributiontape.2 M ?aTheSiteEditorutilitRy isprovidedontheO\Release4LISPOptions"O distribution2 ? uatape.2 u gaSeetheOLambda4.0LISPReleaseNotesO forinformationoninstallingRelease42 g asourcesandoptions.2  OKO3.1.2#UpgradingTCP-onlyLam~bdas2 O2 O AaO ThemostdirectwaytoupgradeeacRhLambdaatyoursiteistorestorethe2 A waO "ORelease4Band/MicrocodeRT|apeO "O oneachsystem.ButtoupgradeaLam~bda2 w -athatdoResnothaveatapedrivRe,youmustusethenetwork.2 - aSystemmanagersupgradingtoRelease4onLamRbdaswhichcontainonlythe2  UaExcelanhardwRareinterfaceshouldseeSection7.2.4,DISKServer,forinfor-2 U amationoncommRunicatingbetweenRelease3andRelease4DISKservers.The2 AaspecialR proceduredocumentedinthatsectionisrequiredinordertouseTCP/IP2 A watocopRypartitionsbetweenaRelease3LambdaandaRelease4Lambda.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 10RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KTheproRcedurebeloRwisathirdalternative;itwillworkonlyifthesystemhost2 @ vKcon~tainsanExcelanbRoardandatapedriv~e.2 v ~1.2 CCreateanupdatedRelease4bandonthesystemhost,completewithsite2  ;C les.2 ; ~2.2 CRebootthesystemhostonRelease3.2  H~3.2 HCRunO si:copRy-disk-partitionO andcopytheupdatedRelease4bandfromthe2 H ~CsystemhosttoeacRhLambdarunningRelease3TCP/IP|.2 ~2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR112 O2 O2  w  slO42 s I&Upgrading!to!Release!42 I2  aO ThiscRhapterisintendedforsystemmanagersupgradingfromLambdaRelease2  5a3R softwaretoRelease4.Itexplainsc~hangestositecon gurationparametersand2 5 kaprocedures.2 k ]aAfterreviewingthematerialinthischapter,RseeChapter9,O Con guration2 ] aProceduresO ,fordocumenRtationonthenetworkcon gurationprocedures.2  aThephrase\site les,"usedfrequenRtlyinthismanual,referstothestaticnet-2  ;awRork con guration information that is entered in les located in your O "O SYS:SITE;O "2 ; qaO directory|.2 q 7KO4.1*NamingHosts:$TheP~ac}kName2 72 7 )aO LamRbda hosts nd their own name at system startup in the disk pack label.With2 ) _aRelease 4,R for Lambda-Plus con gurations,it is also necessary to specify the host2 _ anameoftheattacRhedUnixprocessor.TheUnixhostnamemustbeprovidedso2  KathattheLISPprocessorscandeterminetheaddressroutinginformationforthe2 K aattac~hedUnixhost.2  saAsdocumenRtedintheOLambda4.0LISPReleaseNotesO ,youshouldsetthe2 s )apacRknameforeachLambdasystemduringtheRelease4installation.Runthe2 ) _afunctionO si:set-pack-nameO (seepage37)oneacRhchassistospecifythenamesof2 _ aeacRhhost.TheUnixhostnamemustbesuppliedasthelasthostnameinthe2  Kapac~kname.2 K2 w [[U2  O5O 12RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w P ,KHerearet~woexamples,illustratinghoRwtosetthepacknameofaLambda-Plus2 , bKandaLambda-2x2-Plus:2 b %O ;;Lambda-Plus2  q%(si:set-pack-name"LAM-AUNIX-A")2 q U%;;Lambda-2x2-Plus2 U 9%(si:set-pack-name"LAM-ALAM-BUNIX-A")2 92 P  5O4.2*SiteCon gurationChanges2  2  KO SomecRhangestoyourcurrentLambdasite lesmayberequiredforthenew2  5Krelease.ThesecRhangesmaynotbedownward-compatible;inotherwords,site2 5 kK lesmoRdi edforRelease4shouldnotbeusedorloadedinaRelease3LISP2 k !Kworld.2 ! KIfyRoursiteusedTCP/IPunderapreviousrelease,youwillde nitelyhaveto2  IKassign new InRternet addresses to Lambda hosts on multi-processor systems (such2 I Kas2x2s).SeebRelowforinformationonmodifyingInternetaddressesforRelease2  5K4.2 5 'KMostChaosnet-onlyinstallationswillnotrequireupdatedsite les.Nev~erthe-2 ' ]Kless,wRerecommendrecompilingRelease3site lesbeforeloadingtheminto2 ] KRelease4. SitesthatwRerepreviouslyChaosnet-onlymaywishtotakeadv}an-2  IKtageoftheTCP/IPcapabilitRythatcomeswithRelease4,thusrequiringsite le2 I Kchanges.2  pKThe site le directory is assigned the logical pathname O "O SYS:SITE;O "O .The source2 p &Ksite lesare:2 & 5O2 5CO SYS:SITE;SYS.TRANSLA|TIONS2 5 |O2 |CO SYS:SITE;HOSTS.TEXT2 | CO2 CCO SYS:SITE;SITE.LISP2 C O2 CO SYS:SITE;LMLOCS.LISP2 KThe cRhangesdocumentedbelow are all changestoentries in one ormore ofthese2  >K les.2 >2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR132 O2 O2  w @KO4.2.1#LogicalT{ranslations2 @2 @ 2aO IfyRouplantorestoreRelease4softwareoptionsand/orsources,youwillneed2 2 hatomakReachangeinthe leO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O .2 h ZaWithevRery major Lambdasoftware release,a newO sour}c}edir~e}ctory O is established2 Z a(see Figure 2, page 13).The source directory is a top-levRel directory below which2  FatheLamRbdasystemsourcehierarchyresides.2 F NK  AS @wORelease} @} @eDirectory} @} @} @ AS ZwO 2.0} Z} ZeO "O QL;O "} Z} Z} Z wO 3.0} } eO "O RELEASE-3;O "} } }  FwO 4.0} F} FeO "O RELEASE-4;O "} F} F} F 2}O Figure2.O MajorLambRdareleases-Sourcedirectorylocations} 2 NAS2 N waRelease4sourcesareloRcatedintheO "O RELEASE-4;O "O directory|.Y{oumustmodify2 w -ayRourO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O letore ectthischangebysubstitutingalloc-2 - cacurrencesof\RELEASE-3"with\RELEASE-4".SeeFigure3,Rpage14,foran2 c aexampleofaRelease3andmodi edRelease4O "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O le.2   aIfyRouwerepreviouslyusingthedefaultsite ledirectoryO "O CUSTOMER-SITE;O "O ,2  AayRoushouldtakethis opportunitytocreatea newdirectorythatisnot associated2 A wawiththeLamRbdasourcehierarchy|.2 w iaF{orexample:2 i ;O (fs:copy-directory"master:release-3.customer-site;*.*#>"2  G,"master:our-site;")2 G EaO EditO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O tomodifythede nitionsofO "O SYS:SITE;O "O and2 E {aO "O SYS:CHAROS;O "O tore ectthenewlocationofyoursite les.2 { ?KO4.2.2#HostAddresses2 ?2 ? 1aO In previous releases,allhosts within one LamRbdachassis were assigned thesame2 1 gaIn~ternetaddress.InRelease4,2 g w&O2 wYO EachRLambdaLISPhostmustha~v~eauniqueInternetaddress2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 14RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS zOExampleofSYS.TRANSLA|TIONS:O Release3g z &pO ;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Base:10;Readtable:ZL-*-g &  p(FS:SET-LOGICAL-PATHNAME-HOSTg  ;$"SYS"g ; m$:PHYSICAL-HOST"MYHOST"g m $:TRANSLATIONSg  Q$'(("CHAOS;""RELEASE-3.CUSTOMER-SITE;")g Q Y("SITE;"4"RELEASE-3.CUSTOMER-SITE;")g  4Y("*;*;*;*;*;""")g 4 fY("*;*;*;*;""")g f Y("*;*;*;""")g  JY("*;*;""")g J |Y("*;""")))g | _pO Commen~ts:O ThisfilepointstotheexampleRelease3sitefilesg _ OExampleofSYS.TRANSLA|TIONS:O Release4,withloRcalmodi cationsg  <pO ;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Base:10;Readtable:ZL-*-g < p(FS:SET-LOGICAL-PATHNAME-HOSTg  Q$"SYS"g Q $:PHYSICAL-HOST"MYHOST"g  5$:TRANSLATIONSg 5 g$'(("CHAOS;""OUR-SITE;")g g Y("SITE;"4"OUR-SITE;")g  JY("*;*;*;*;*;""")g J |Y("*;*;*;*;""")g | .Y("*;*;*;""")g . `Y("*;*;""")g ` Y("*;""")))g  upO Commen~ts:O Thisfilepointstositefilesthatwereg u 'pcopiedtoanewdirectory,O MYHOST:OUR-SITE;g ' XO Figure3.O Examples:originalandmodi ed(Release4)SYS.TRANSLA{TIONS leg X wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR152 O2 O2  w @&O2 @YO EachRLam~bdahostmustha~v~eauniqueChaosaddress;itisusedbothfor2 @ vYChaosnetandinRterprocessorcommunicationwithinthesamechassis2 v =&O2 =YO LamRbda-PlusUnixhostsmusthaveOnoO Internetaddress2 = ;aY|oumRustmodifyO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O tofollowtheseconventions.2 ; -aSeeFigure4,page16,foranexampleofamodi edO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O le.2 - fKO4.2.3#SiteOptionsAddedandRemo~v~ed2 f2 f XaO SiteoptionsarespReci edglobally|,forallLambdas,RinO "O SITE.LISPO "O ,orlocally|,2 X aforspReci cLambdas,inO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O .2  aThenewsiteoptionsforRelease4areasfollows:2  aO :NETWORK-NAMESO[list-of-net~work-specs]2 2 2  UQO De nesthe aRv}ailablenetwork protocols (:CHAOS and :INTERNET),2 U  Qandthenet~workRnumber(s)pertainingtothesite.!Seepage52for2  AQfurtherinformation.2 A aO :BR~OKEN-BERKELEY-UNIX-BRO~ADCAST-ADDRESS-PO[TorNIL]2 2 2  NQO Thissiteoptionm~ustbRespeci edifthereareBerkeley4.2Unix2 N QsystemsonyRournetwork.Seepage57forfurtherinformation.2  aThefolloRwingoptionsareobsolete,andarenotsupportedbyRelease4:2  aO :FRONT-END-TCP-CHA~OS-SERzVER2 2 2  HQO Chaos-onlyLambdahoststhatformerlyhadtogothroughare-2 H ~QmotefronRt-endTCP/ChaosservermustbReupdatedtouseRelease42 ~ 4QTCP/IPRsoftwaredirectly|.2 4 zaO :TCP-ONL{Y-LAMBD~AS2 z2 z2 z 0QO LamRbdahoststhatwereformerlydesignatedas\TCP-only",when2 0 fQupgradedtoRelease4,shouldbeassignedChaosaddresses.2 f daY|ou should delete anRy entries in O "O SYS:SITE;SITE.LISPO " O or O "O LMLOCS.LISPO " O that2 d aspecifyanobsoleteoption.Notethatthiswillmakethenewsiteinformation2  PaincompatiblewithRelease3.&Loadingthenewsite lesinaRelease3band2 P acouldcausesevRerenetworkingproblemstooccur.2  xaAllothersiteoptionsforTCP/IPandChaosnetshouldw~orkaspreviouslydoc-2 x .aumented.2 .2 w [[U2  O5O 16RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS zOExampleofHOSTS.TEXT:O Release3g z &pO;;;-*-Mode:Fundamental-*-MASTER:RELEASE-3.CUSTOMER-SITE;HOSTS.TEXT#18g &  pHOSTLMI-AMNESIA,,CHAOS3412,USER,LISPM,LISPM,[AMNESIA]g  mp;;Lambda2x2-Plusg m QpHOSTMYHOST,[CHAOS3430,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[MASTER]g Q pHOSTAHOST,[CHAOS3431,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[ANOTHER]g  4pHOSTUNIX-HOST,[CHAOS3432,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,UNIX,NU,[MYUNIX]g 4 p;;;Lambdag  |pHOSTXTRA-HOST,ACHAOS3433,USER,LISPM,LISPM,[XTRA]g | _p;;VMSVAXg _ CpHOSTMEGAVAX,INTERNET101.0.0.110,USER,VMS,VAX,[MYVAX]g C AOExampleofHOSTS.TEXT:O Release4,withloRcalmodi cationsg A mpO;;;-*-Mode:Fundamental-*-MASTER:OUR-SITE;HOSTS.TEXT#20g m QpHOSTLMI-AMNESIA,CHAOS3412,USER,LISPM,LISPM,[AMNESIA]g Q 5p;;Lambda2x2-Plusg 5 pHOSTMYHOST,[CHAOS3430,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[MASTER]g  JpHOSTAHOST,[CHAOS3431,INTERNET101.0.0.102],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[ANOTHER]g J |pHOSTUNIX-HOST,CHAOS3432,USER,UNIX,NU,[MYUNIX]g | `p;;;Lambdag ` CpHOSTXTRA-HOST,A[CHAOS3433,INTERNET101.0.0.103],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[XTRA]g C 'p;;VMSVAXg ' pHOSTMEGAVAX,INTERNET101.0.0.110,USER,VMS,VAX,[MYVAX]g XwO Figure4.O Examples:originalandmodi ed(Release4)HOSTS.TEXT leg X wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR172 O2 O2  w @KO4.3*SiteFileUpdateChec~k-List2 @2 @ 2aO Figure5,Rpage18,proRvidesacheck-listofthebasicchangesthatmustbemade2 2 hatoupdatesite lesfromRelease3toRelease4.2 h2 w [[U2  O5O 18RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS ;EO Figure5.O SiteFileModi cationCheck-Listg ; cMakResureyouspecifyallhostnamesinthepackname,andnamethehostsing c the\proper"(i.e.,slot)order:g  %F -A *W A uo A uK -A *W g %First,nametheslot0LISPprocessorg % hF pA *W A uo SA uK pA *W g hNext,nametheslot4LISPprocessor(ifinstalled)g h ,F 4A *W A uo A uK 4A *W g ,Finally|,nametheslot8LISPproRcessorO orO theattachedUnixprocessor(ifg , binstalled)g b `F{orexample:O (si:set-pack-nameO "O slot0slot4slot8-or-unixO "O )g ` RO MakResureyoumakethefollowingchangesinO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O :g R ^F fA *W A uo IA uK fA *W g ^AssigneacRhLISPprocessoruniqueChaosandInternetaddressesg ^ !F *A *W A uo  A uK *A *W g !RemoveRInternetaddressesforLambda-PlusUnixhostsg !  MakRe sure you make the following changes in O "O SITE.LISPO " O and/or O "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O :g  ,F 4A *W A uo A uK 4A *W g ,AddthefolloRwinglinetoO "O SITE.LISPO "O ifyouhaveBerkeley4.2Unixsys-g , btemsontheInternet:g b _hO (:broken-berkeley-unix-broadcast-address-pt)g _ XF `A *W A uo CA uK `A *W g XO AddanenRtryinO "O SITE.LISPO "O tode neO :NETWORK-NAMESO .Ifyouuseg X theSiteEditor,itwillpromptyRoutocreatethisentry|.#Anentryforag  Dnetw~orkwhereIPsubnetsarenotinusewRouldbesimilartothefollowing:g D AhO (:network-namesg A s6'((("OUR-NETWORK")g s %((:INTERNET"101.0.0.0")(:CHAOS7)))))g % hF qA *W A uo SA uK qA *W g hO RemovethefolloRwingoptionswherevertheyappear:g h fhO :FRONT-END-TCP-CHAOS-SERVERg f h:TCP-ONLY-LAMBDASg  O MakResureyoumakethefollowingchangesinO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O totheg  Lde nitionofthe\SYS"logicalhost:g L XF aA *W A uo CA uK aA *W g XSpecifyyRourownsitedirectoryasthetranslationforO "O SYS:SITE;O "O andg X O "O SYS:CHAOS;O "g  RF ZA *W A uo KO6.2*Tyelnet2 >2 > 0aO TR|elnetprovidesremoteterminalaccessviaTCP/IP.Thev}ariousTelnetin~ter-2 0 fafacesRhavebeenenhancedsigni cantly|.2 f XaMost importan~tlyR|,the Telnet in~terface accessible via Oh 7A X [O SYSTEM X X eA X X XOi O T O noRw works prop-2 X aerlyRoverTCP/IP|.2  aThenewT{elnetproRvidesarobustinterfaceforremoteloginsbetweenLambdas.2 6aWhentheLamRbdaT|elnetinterfacecontactsaT|elnetServerrunningonanother2 6 laLam~bda,theRt~woprogramsagreetousetheChaosnetSupdupoutputoptions.2 l !aThisresultsindramaticallyimpro~v~edRbehavior:standardrubouthandlingfea-2 ! Waturesarepro~vided,LISPmachineRcharactersaredisplayedproperly|,andspecial2 W akeysRsuchasOh| mA O ABORT: : A: : > }OiO arehandledcorrectly|.2 2 w [[U2  O5O 26RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KSeeSection12.2,TR|erminalNet~workAccessProtocol(Telnet),fordetails.2 @  5O6.3*SMTP2  2  {KO TheSMTP(SimpleMailT|ransferProtocol)soft~warehasnotc~hangedsince2 { 1KRelease3.LamRbdahostscannotprovidefullmail-servercapabilities,butZMail2 1 gKdoResworkproperlywithotherSMTPmailhosts.2 g YKThefunctionO ftp:makRe-unix-zmail-init- leO hasbeenmovedtotheO ZWEI:O pack}age.2 Y  5O6.4*ImagenPrinR~terDriver2  2  KO TheR netw~orkingandprin~tersoft~warenowsupportImagenlaserprinters(Imagen2  GKmodelIP/IIRandcompatibles).+AstandaloneImagenprinterisaccessedvia2 G }KTCP/IP{.2 } oKWithRelease4,theO :IMAGENO driverisfullysupportedandmuc~hRimpro~vedo~v~er2 o %Kpreviouslydistributedversions.2 % KSeeSection12.3,ImagenPrinRterDriver,fordetails.2  ]5O6.5*DISK2 ]2 ] OKO TheRTCPDISKServer(LMIDISKprotocol)ismoredependable,andpro~vides2 O Kafullrangeoffunctionalit~ysimilartoChaosnet.2  wKSeeSection12.4,Lam~bRdaDISKProtocol,forinformationonusingtheDISK2 w -Kfunctions.2 - KAlsoseeSection7.2.4,DISKServRer,forinformationoncommunicatingbetween2  UKRelease3andRelease3DISKserv~ers.2 U2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR272 O2 O2  w  slO72 s I"Kno}wn!Bugs!and!Limitations2 I2  JKO7.1*GeneralLimitations2 J2 J <aO The follo~wing list describRes the major recognized limitations pertaining to Lambda2 < raTCP/IPandChaosnet.2 r &O2 YO Chaos/TCPprioritRy-Thecontrolv}ariableO net:*network-protocols*O (see2  :Ypage84)isnot\honored"bRyallcommunicationsfunctions.F|orexample,2 : pYthenormalLISPremote- lefunctions{includingO listfO ,O diredO ,andO viewfO {2 p &YwillRalwa~ysc~hoosetouseChaosnettoaccessanyhostthathasaChaos2 & \Yaddress.!ButnotethecommenRtsinSection7.2.2,CommunicatingWith2 \ YTCP-OnlyLambRdas,below.2  \&O2 \YO Accesspathrecovery-Intheory|,ifanaccesspathtoaremotehostis2 \ Yde nedbutnotoperativ~e(forexample,whenaconnectionrequesthas2  HYtimedout),thesoftw~arecould\failover"toanotherav}ailableprotocol.2 H ~YThishasnotbeenimplemented.2 ~ H&O2 HYO Hanging/wRaiting-Somelow-levelnetworkfunctions(particularlywithin2 H ~YChaosnet)canhangincertainrun-statesw~aitingforareply{.Whereex-2 ~ 4Ypected,theRsoft~warema~yfailtotimeout..Recommendedaction:&use2 4 jYO CTRL-Oh| IA j lO ABORT j j vA j j j|OiO toin~terruptthehangingfunctionandretrytheoperation.2 j 3YRarely{,aprocesswillhangdisplaRyingtherun-stateO Networkbu erO .This2 3 iYmeansthatallinRternalpacketbu ershavebReenusedup;iftheprocess2 i YistrulyhRung,therewillbenomorefreepacketbu erstopermitongoing2  UYoperations."AtemporarybreakinthephRysicalnetworkconnectionmay2 U Ycausethistooccur.Recommendedaction:useO CTRL-Oh| kA O ABORT, , A, , 0 }OiO toin~terrupt2 AYthehangingprocess;vRerifythatthephysicalconnectionisworking,e.g.2 A wYwithO icmp:pingO (seepage82);and nally|,executeO net:con gureO torecon g-2 w -Yurethenetw~orkingsoftware.2 - w&O2 wYO Enablingservices-ThereareseparatemecRhanismsforcontrollingTCP2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 28RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @CandChaosnetservices(seeSection10.2.1.3,page80andSection10.2.1.4,2 @ vCpage81).2 v uKThislistdoesnotincludecertainunresolvRedproblemsrelatedtocompatibility2 u +KwithothernetworkingRimplementations.(Notethat,giventheoccasionalprob-2 + aKlemofstandardsinRterpretation,itisnotalwayspossibletoprovidecomplete2 a Kin~tegrationwithothersystems.)2  `5O7.2*Compatibilit~ywithPreviousReleases2 `2 ` RKO The discussion of obsoleted site le options in Chapter 4 describes certain limita-2 R KtionstocommRunicationsbetweenRelease3andRelease4systems.Thissection2  >KisinRtendedtoclarifythesecompatibilityproblemsandtoo ersomeadviceon2 > tKcommunicatingRbetw~eenincompatiblesystems.Alltherestrictionsdocumented2 t *KbeloRwapplyonlytoTCP/IPsoftware.2 * W5O7.2.1#CompatibilitR~y-Overview2 W2 W IKO Withthenewrelease,RRelease2becomesobsolete,andisnolongersupported2 I KasRsuch;ho~wever,forthepurposesofthisdiscussion,Release2TCP/IPma~ybe2  5KconsideredcompatiblewithRelease3.2 5 'KManyRchangestoTCP/IParenotdo~wnw~ard-compatible.Themostimportant2 ' ]Krestrictionsareasfollo~ws:2 ] i~1.2 iCIngeneral,yRoushouldnotboothostsonthesamesystemwithdi erent2 i CLISPsoftw~arereleases.SpReci cally|,whenLambdaTCP/IPisinuse,itis2  UCOabsolutelycriticalO thatallthehostsbootwiththesamesoft~warerelease.2 U  CF{orexample,iftheloadedsiteinformationconRtainsInternetaddressesfor2  ACthe slot 0 and slot 4 proRcessors on a Lambda-2x2, then they must be booted2 A wCwiththesamerelease.2 w ;CBootinghostsinthesamecRhassiswithincompatiblesoftwarecancause2 ; qCan~yR numberofstrangesymptoms.Problemsmayoccurwithinterprocessor2 q 'CcommRunication and packet routing;for example,remote hosts may contact2 ' ]Cthewronghost,oraRelease3hostmaRyrejectpacketsforwardedbythe2 ] CRelease4host.2  W~2.2 WCSomeRnetworkingproblemsmayoccurwhenRelease3andRelease4hosts2 W CareRbootedonthesamenetwork.*SincetheRelease3siteinformation2 CCconRtainsoneInternetaddressforeachhostonachassis,theRelease3host2 C yCwillnotbeabletocontactaRelease4hostwithitsnewaddress.2 y wKW|erecommendthatevReryLambdaonyournetworkbeupgradedtoRelease42 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR292 O2 O2  w @aandRbootedwiththenewreleaseatalltimes.Ifitbecomesnecessarytobooton2 @ vaapriorrelease,usethefunctionO si:set-current-bandO todesignatethepriorrelease2 v ,aband,theninitializethesystemattheSDUanduseO newboot-aO torebootO all2 , baO LISPprocessorswiththeoldsoft~ware.2 b TaNotRwithstandingtheserestrictions,thefollowingsectionso ersomeadviceon2 T  ahandlingtheoccasionalrequiremenRtforcommunicatingwithTCPbetweenRe-2  @alease3andRelease4Lam~bdas.2 @ yKO7.2.2#CommR~unicatingWithTCP-OnlyLambdas2 y2 y kaO InRelease3itwRasnecessarytodesignateLambdasas\TCP-only"iftheyonly2 k  ahadaccesstotheExcelanin~terface.Release4doResnotsupportthisoption.2  aARelease4LamRbdawillregardanyremotehostasafullycapablehost{one2  HarunningbRothprotocols{ifithasbothaChaosandanIn~ternetaddress.Andof2 H ~acourseitismandatorytospRecifyChaosaddressesforallLam~bdahosts,because2 ~ 4atheChaosaddressisusedforinRterprocessorcommunications.)Therefore,all2 4 jaremoteLam~bRdasappeartobeChaos-capablefromtheperspectiv~eofaRelease2 j  a4LamRbda.SincemostfunctionsgothroughChaosnetbydefault,aRelease42  Vasystem Ocannot O connect witha Release 3 TCP-onlyLambda inthe usualmanner.2 V HaIf all systems are upRdated with Release 4,and if the proper site le modi cations2 H ~aaremade,thenthiscompatibilitRyproblemwillneverarise.2 ~ paButifitbRecomesnecessary|,onatemporarybasis,tobootasystemwitha2 p &aRelease3bandthatde neshostsasTCP-only|,thenallotherRelease4hosts2 & \am~ustbetoldtoaccesstheRelease3hostviaTCP/FTPonly|.2 \ NaOnatempRorarybasis,ausercanforceRelease4toaccessaLambdaby2 N aTCP/FTPonly byresettingthe le accesspathstotheRelease3 host,andthen2  :aforcingaTCP/FTPaccesspathtobecreated.ThefunctionO fs:reset- le-access2 : paO causesexisting leaccesspathstobe\forgotten"and,optionally{,reestablished2 p &awiththedesiredaccess avor.2 & aF{orexample,assumethatauseronaRelease4hostistryingtolist lesona2  NaRelease3TCP-onlyhostnamed\OTHER-HOST".ThefolloRwingwoulddoso2 N aviaTCP:2  0;O (fs:reset-file-access"other-host"'fs:ftp-access)2 0 .aO Anestablishedaccesspathnormallyremainsine ectuntilthenexttimesite2 . dainformationisloaded(orun~tilthesystemisre-booted).2 d2 w [[U2  O5O 30RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O7.2.3#FzronR~tEndTCP-ChaosServers2 @2 @ 2KO Release4hostsdonotproRvidethe\front-endTCP-CHAOSserver"thatwas2 2 hKproRvidedinRelease3forChaos-onlyLambdas.Ifasystemthatwasactingas2 h KafronRt-endserverisupgraded,thentheRelease3Chaos-onlyLambdaswillnot2  TKbeabletoaccesstheInRternetuntiltheyareupgradedtoRelease4.Naturally|,2 T  KRelease4systemswillbeabletoaccessRelease3Chaos-onlyhosts.2  C5O7.2.4#DISKServ~er2 C2 C 5KO The previous LMIR releases of TCP/IPsoftware used a reserv~ed TCPport for the2 5 kKDISKserver;thepRorthasbeencRhangedforRelease4toensurecompatibility2 k  KwiththeIn~ternetspeci cation.Bydefault,TCP-onlyhostsrunningRelease22  VKor3willnotbeabletocommRunicatewiththeDISKserverofaRelease4host,2 V  Kandviceversa.2  ~KThereisawRork-aroundwhichenablesaRelease4hosttocreateaDISKserver2 ~ 4Kthatiscompatiblewithpreviousreleases.OntheRelease4host,executethe2 4 jKfollo~wing:2 j %O ;;;DefinetheRelease3-compatibleserver:2  z%(tcpa:define-network-service2 z ,Ytcpa:*old-tcp-disk-service*2 , ^Y:old-disk:tcp2 ^ Y"OldDiskServer"2  AY:toplevel-function'tcpa:serial-stream-disk-server2 A sY:listen-port101.)2 s W%;;;Enabletheserver:2 W :%(tcpa:enable-one-network-servicetcpa:*old-tcp-disk-service*)2 : %;;;Whenyouaredone,ifdesired,todisabletheserver:2  %(tcpa:disable-one-network-servicetcpa:*old-tcp-disk-service*)2  KO ThisshouldonlybReexecutedasneeded;theservicewillnotbeactiv~atedauto-2 6Kmatically{,e.g.afteracold-boot.2 62 w [[U2  OlO 312 O2 O2  w d?OP|art(II2 d nfONet}w}orking!Guide2 n2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 32RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR332 O2 O2  w  slO82 s I"System!Arc}hitecture2 I2  aO Lam~bdaRLISPmac~hinesystemspro~videEthernetLocalAreaNet~work(LAN)2  5acommRunication using the T|ransmission Control Protocol (TCP) and/or the MIT2 5 kaChaosnetprotoRcol.BothprotocolsproRvideaccesstoav}arietyofremotehosts2 k !aforpurposessuchas lesharing,remotelogins,andelectronicmail.2 ! aOntheLambda,bothRprotocolsarepro~videdusingasinglehardw~areinterface.2  IaUptotwoRinterfaceboardsma~ybepresentonasinglechassis.2 I ;aFigure8,Rpage34,isadiagramofthefunctionalrelationshipsbRetw~eencompo-2 ; qanenRtsoftheLambdacommunicationsarchitecture.2 q caChapter2,RO SummaryofMajorChangesO ,explainstherelationshipbet~ween2 c atheLISPprocessorsandthehardwRareinterfacesusedbythenetworkingsoft-2  Oaware.2 O AaThiscRhapterprovidessomeadditionaldetailconcerningthesoftwarearchitec-2 A watureandageneralo~v~erviewofbothChaosnetandTCP/IP{.2 w @KO8.1*Bac~kground2 @2 @ 2aO TheLamRbdacommunicationssoftwareattemptstoimplementbRothprotocols2 2 hafullywhileinRtegratingthemwithintheLISPworld.&F|orexample,thereisa2 h astandardsetof\generic" leaccessroutineslayeredontopofthecomm~unica-2  TationsprotoRcols.Therefore,remote leaccessistransparentwithrespecttothe2 T aparticularprotocolinvolv~ed.2 |aTheChaosnetprotoRcoloriginatedintheMITArti cialIn~telligenceLaboratory|,2 | 2awhere it wRas implementedona numberofhost systemtypes,includingtheearly2 2 haLISPmachinesRdevelopedthere.#ChaosnethasbeenanintegralpartofLISP2 h2 w [[U2  O5O 34RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w 5  AS tgO Figure8.O Example:Lam~bda-2x2-Pluscon gurationg t ~VSln kDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD? ?C0001C`3`scawDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD< ^|@~`Gq81 03 03 `3 `c pc<A?~oDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@@@@=|~C~|  |w^DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDpx  ?>x 0p`@@@@0 ``0xpxxx|DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDpx  xp?A@?A0 `xxDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD``a@``@`@@G@@CA@A~ ~@C_DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDhDDxDD 3DDDD`DDs0DD80DD?`DD'CDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDxDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""""""""DDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""""""00 0 DDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""B""`2""pDDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""""""""aDDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""""""""""""""cqDDDDDDDDDDDD""" """ """ """ """ """ DDDDDDDDDDDD"""""""""""""""DDDDDDDDDDDD""""""""""""""""""""DDDDDDDDDDDD""" """ """ """ """ xDD@DD@DD@x"A0"0"AA"?a""""""""""""# ""# ""# ""# ""# ""#~""""""p| 0 000 6p""""""""?Gp f    Gp f f f f?Fr""02""02""`B""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""aa""aa""aa""aa""a?"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""`@L`@L`@x`@x`@0`@x`@x`@L`@Lcq""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """ """""?"``"?"""""""""""""""0""00""00""00""00""""```ax0`0`0`0`0lC`8""""""""""""""""ax~ CCCCx~ @ @ @""" "  " b" " " " " """ """ """ """ """ 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@aCFL0``Ox*+**UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUPppF11H1HR****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU ***uUUUJ***UUUU ***UUU***UUU***UUU***UUU***UT*(UT!*( UTD*(xUTH*(UT@`0  Bb3}UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****@@@*$ "D I qUUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UU***UU***[UU ***UU***UUUUUC***UUU@***UUUY***UUU@***UUU@***UUU@****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****RTT$B0AS****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU*****(UU|*(UT*(UT*(UUU***UUU***UUU***UUU***UUU***U"ERf9 UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****000000000000000Qj**UU***UU***UU***UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****` `;8nl;9AAnn>>;8nl;8nocc;8nl;9AAnn>>;8nl;8nl;8nl;8`AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>nl;8nlC;9A>nn> ;8nl;8fnoc;8nlC;9A>nn> ;8nl;8nl;8nl;8nlAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>nn;;nnAA;;>>nn;;nn;;ccnn;;nnAA;;>>nn;;nn;;nn;;nn;;nnAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>on;;nn;;nnA;;A>nn>;;nn;;cnnc;;nnA;;A>nn>;;nn;;nn;;nn;;nnAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>000000000]@w@]@w@]@WwAA=]~>wH]HwT}]ccw@]@WwAA=]~>wH]HwT]@w@]@w@]@ AAAG>>>= cccm AAAG>>>=  t\v\v\u]w@]@w@]@w@]w@]@w@]@w@]@w@]@w@]v\t ` @;8nldQJgDDD;;nn;;=sN@@D@8D@D@ysQx_EwE}gEDEt}pU@@x@@@Q|@}tNy@DQExEQy@FQI|DNE;; @@ w@]@\tP `p8?saaaa8sp?`03xXmXmXmXmXmXm8XmxXmX@@n@?s@qa@`a@`a@`a@`a@qa@?a@~`~pXx88xX@@`@?p@s8@a@a@a@a@s@?@?sa?aaaa`>aaaaa?a`p?q````q?  ```p 8       p `~`~?paa`a?p`nq````8`x`X``pxxxp~caac~lffcca ` `p p  x xx x  x xp pp?x?aaa=`pc`cax?=p 3ccT AS2  Kmac~hineRsoftw~areformanyyears,andissupportedb~yseveralvendors.2  wKThefocusofChaosnetdevelopmentRw~astoprovidedeeplyembeddedanduser-2 w -KfriendlycommRunicationfunctionsthatsupportedtheneedsofdevelopers(such2 - cKasLISPprogrammers)wRorkingonalocalareanetwork(suchasinaresearch2 c Ken~vironment).AgreatdealoffunctionalelabRorationisdependenRtonortightly2  OKattac~hedtotheprotocol.2 O AKF{orexample,cenRtraltotheChaosnetprotocolistheconceptof\transparent2 A wKaccess".OntheLISPmachinesrunningChaosnet,userscanspecify lenames2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR352 O2 O2  w @ausingasynRtaxapproximatingthatoftheserver(remote)host;theuser(local)2 @ vahostproRvidesallrequiredpathnameparsing./Mostutilityfunctionsonthe2 v ,aLam~bRdaareexpectedtodealwithanRy\legal"pathnametype.2 , aTCP/IP protocolsR evolvedinafairlysecuremainframeenvironment, wherehosts2  Taofv}arioustRypesmaybeseparatedbylargedistances.Theseprotocolswerenot2 T  aoptimizedforeither the degree of le sharingpRermissible onlocal area networks,2  @anorforthestRylesofprogrammingand lemanipulationthatweredeveloped2 @ vaaroundLISPRmac~hines.Nev~ertheless,TCP/IPisaverypRopularprotocol,giv~en2 v ,athewiderangeofhosttRypeimplementationsandtherigorousspeci cationas2 , baendorsedforDODuse.2 b TaThegoalofnet~workingontheLamRbdaistoprovide\thebRestofbothworlds":2 T  athetransparenRtfeaturesof leaccesstoallrecognizedhosttypes,thetightly2  @acoupledprogrammingfeaturesproRvidedbyChaosnet,andthewideav}ailability2 @ vatoTCP-compatiblehosts.!T|othegreatestpossibleextent,theRelease4net-2 v ,aworkingRsoft~wareusesthebestprotocolaccessmethodav}ailableforeac~htask.2 , JK mAS VOF{eature} V} VqDescription} V} V} V AS pO QFILE,LISPM-QFILE} p} pqT|ransparen~t leaccesstoremotehosts} p} p} p &Mail} &} &qMailaccesstoremotemailserv~ers} &} &} & \Supdup} \} \qRemotelogin} \} \} \ Tiger} } qPrinRtingtolocal/remoteLambdahosts*} } }  HFinger} H} HqUserloginstatus} H} H} H ~Hostat} ~} ~qRemotehoststatus} ~} ~} ~ 4ExtendedStreams %Otm 4} 4} 4qO In~ter-processorcomm~unications} 4} 4} 4 j(streamsandsharedmemory)*} j} j} j  Disk}  }  qRemotediskaccess}  }  }  VTime} V} VqRemotetime-of-dayaccess} V} V} V B*Non-MIT,Lam~bdaextension} B} B} B .O Figure9.O ChaosnetFR|eaturesandFunctionalit~y} . JAS2 J 8KO8.2*ServicesandFyunctionalit~y2 82 8 *aO ThetableinFigure9,Rpage35,liststheChaosnetfeaturesproRvidedbythe2 * `aLam~bda.Figure10,Rpage36,liststhesuppRortedTCP/IPfeaturesandLam~bda2 ` aextensions.2 2 w [[U2  O5O 36RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS tOProtocolg tg twDescriptiong tg teUseg tg tg t 5AS O Net~w~orkLevel:g g g  zO IPg zg zwIn~ternetProtocolg zg ze(Systeminternaluseonly)g zg zg z fO Con~trol/T{ransportLev~els:g fg fg f QO TCPg Qg QwT|ransmissionControlProtocolg Qg QeImplementingcomplexprotocolsg Qg Qg Q UDPg g wUserDatagramProtocolg g eImplementingsimpleprotocolsg g g  =ARPg =g =wAddressResolutionProtocolg =g =e(Systeminternaluseonly)g =g =g = sICMPg sg swIn~ternetRCon~trolMessageg sg se(Systeminternaluseonly)g sg sg s )Protocolg )g )g ) O ApplicationLev~els:g g g  O FTPg g wFiletransferprotocolg g eNet~work-wide leaccessg g g  7SMTPg 7g 7wSimpleMailT|ransferProtocolg 7g 7eMailaccess(usedb~yZMail)g 7g 7g 7 mTELNETg mg mwT|elnetProtocolg mg meRemoteloging mg mg m #IMAGENg #g #wLaserPrinterProtocolg #g #ePrintingtoImagen*g #g #g # O TCPandUDPServ~ers:g g g  {O DISKg {g {wRemoteDiskProtocolg {g {eNet~workdiskfunctionsg {g {g { 1v(suchasbandtransfers)g 1g 1g 1 gvbRetw~eenLambdas*g gg gg g TIMEg g wHostTimeProtocolg g eHosttime-of-da~yaccess*g g g  SFINGERg Sg SwTCPFingerServ~erg Sg SeUserloginstatus*g Sg Sg S  RzWHOg  g  wRemoteWhog  g  eUserloginstatus**g  g  g  ?R~UPTIMEg ?g ?wRemoteUptimeg ?g ?eSystemup-timestatus**g ?g ?g ? +*Non-DOD,Lambdaextensiong +g +g + a**P~opularindustryextensiong ag ag a XO Figure10.O TCP/IPFR|eaturesandFunctionalityg X wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR372 O2 O2  w @KO8.3*Net~w}orkRSoft~w~areInitializations2 @2 @ 2aO WhenaLambRdaiscold-booted,itsetsup(\con gures")itsnetworkingen~vi-2 2 haronmenRtbasedonthefollowingkindsofinformation:2 h 1.2 YItsoRwnhostidentity2  s2.2 sYTheaRv}ailablehardwareinterfaces2 s T3.2 TYTheRnet~worksitecon guration2 T SaEarly in this proRcess,the Lambda determines its oRwnhost identity by inspecting2 S  athediskpacRkname.Apacknameisalistofhostnames,separatedbyspaces.2  ?aHostnamesarelistedinthepacknameintheordertheyappearonthesystem2 ? uaNubus;i.e,theslot0nameisfollowedRb~ytheslot4name(ifany),thenthe2 u +anameofaUnixorthirdLISPprocessor(ifany).2 + aLISPfunctionsha~v~ebReenpro~videdforsettingandinspectingthepac~kname:2  J "-F|unction2 "2 "aO si:set-pac~k-nameOpac~k-name&optionalunit2 " XvO SetthepacRknametothestringOpack-nameO .2 X JvF|orexample:2 J vPO(si:set-pack-name"lama") ;Lambda2 v (P(si:set-pack-name"lamalambunix-a");Lambda2x2-Plus2 (2 J w F-O F|unction2 F2 FaO si:get-pac~k-name2 F |vO ObtainthepacRknamefromthedisk.!Returnsmultiplev}alues,onefor2 | 2veac~hhostname.2 2 $vF|orexample:2 $ PPO (multiple-value-setq(slot0slot4unix)2 P 9(si:get-pack-name)2  3(printslot0)2 3 e(printslot4)2 e (printunix))2  zP"MASTER"2 z ,P"OTHER-HOST"2 , ^P"UNIX-A"2 ^2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 38RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KTheRbootedsystemdeterminesitso~wnhostinformationfromtheloadedsite2 @ vKinformationcorrespondingtoitshostname."Then,thehostsetsthev}ariable2 v ,KO si:loRcal-hostO (seepage119)tothehostobjectcorrespondingtoitself.(Other2 , bKsystemv}ariablesdepRendonthelocalhostobject;seeSection14.3,LocalHost2 b KV|ariables.2   KIfthesystem'soRwnhostinformationisnotde ned,thesystemcontinuesto2  @Kinitializeitself,butittakResonthespecialhostidentity|,O AMNESIAO .Whenahost2 @ vKbootsasO AMNESIAO ,awRarningisprintedtonotifytheuserthatthepropersite2 v ,KinformationmustbReloaded.Remote leaccessandsomelocal leoperations2 , bKwillnotfunctionproperlyunRtilsite lesareloadedwhichcontainthesystem's2 b KoRwnhostidentity|.(F|orfurtherinformationseeSection9.2.3,HostAMNESIA).2   KWhenthenet~workRsoftw~areiscon gured,v}ariousinterfacestoprotocolsand2  @Kdriversareestablished:2 @ OO2 OCO \ONE"-3COMorEXRCELANinterfacetotheETHERNETnetwork2 O O2 CO \SHARE"-inRterfacetoBACKPLANEnetwork(inter-processorstreams)2  \O2 \CO \LOOPBA~CK"RinterfacetoL~OOPBA~CKnet~work(usedinternally)2 \ #O2 #CO \INTERNET"-TCPandUDP2 # iO2 iCO \CHA~OS"-Chaosnet2 i 0O2 0CO \ARP"-AddressResolutionProtocol2 0 vO2 vCO \TCP"-TELNET,FTPR|,SMTP,DISK,TIME,FINGER2 v =O2 =CO \UDP"-RzWHO,NAMESP|A~CE,TIME2 = O2 CO \ICMP"(controlmessages)2  KUsetheO PReekO programtoexaminetheinterfaces,protocols,andconnections.2  8K(SeeSection10.4).2 82 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR392 O2 O2  w  slO92 s IECon guration!Procedures2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterexplainshowtosetupnetworkinformationforLambdas.2  qaTheterm\site les"isusedtorefertothesource lesthatde nethenetw~ork2 q 'a(or\site")con gurationinformation.2 ' pKO9.1*SiteFileOv~erview2 p2 p baO T|ocon gureanet~workwithLamRbdas,thesystemornetworkadministrator2 b amodi esandmain~tainscertain les.Theinformationinthese lesiscompiled2  Naandthenloaded inRtothe running LISPenvironment,or\world".Thisprocessis2 N aidenRticaltomaintainingaLISPprogram,Rorsystem,madeupofmultiple les.2  :aMostofthesitecon gurationinformationis,infact,enteredasLISPcode.2 : ,aUpRdatingthesite lesourcesisacyclicalprocessm~uchRlik~emaintainingany2 , baLISPsystemorprogram:editing,compiling,loading,testing/debugging,and2 b asoon,unRtilthesite le\program"isworkingasdesired.2  aSeeFigure11,Rpage41,foragraphicillustrationoftheedit/compile/load/test2 @acycleforsite les.&This gurediagramstherelationshipsamongthev}arious2 @ vasourceandcompiled les.2 v haWhenthecRhangeshavebeentestedanddebugged,andastableversionofthe2 h asite leshasbeenac~hieved,itisgenerallydesirabletoO disk-sa~v~eO thenewsite2  TainformationaspartofacompleteLISPw~orldondisk.Otherwise,thesite les2 T amRustbeloadedeverytimethesystemisbooted.2 |aThe site les doRcumen~ted beloRw are all contained in the directory with the logical2 | 2apathnameO "O SYS:SITE;O "O .2 22 w [[U2  O5O 40RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KThese lesare: 1O1B @2 @ OKO SYS:SITE;SYS.TRANSLA{TIONS-2 O2 O2 O ;O de nesthelogicalpathnameO "O SYS:SITE;O "2  LKO SYS:SITE;HOSTS.TEXT-2 L2 L2 L ;O conRtainstabularentriesde ningeachnetworkhost2  HKO SYS:SITE;SITE.LISP-2 H2 H2 H ~;O de nessite-widesystemoptions2 ~ EKO SYS:SITE;LML~OCS.LISP-2 E2 E2 E {;O providesRmachinelocationinformationforeac~hLISPmac~hine;op-2 { 1;tionally|,providesfor\loRcal"(per-host)siteoptionv}aluesthatover-2 1 g;ridetheglobalv}alues2 g :5O9.2*De ningRNet~w}orkHosts-HOSTS.TEXT2 :2 : ,KO The leO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O isatablewhicRhcontainsoneentryforeachnetwork2 , bKhost./TheO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O leisactuallyadatatablemaintainedinNIC2 b K(HOSTS2)format.2   KT|oprocessthesite les,thesystemmanagerexecutesO (make-system'site...)O ,2  @Kprovidingparametersasrequiredtoindicatethekindofcompilationand/or2 @ vKloadingrequired.$O "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O isthe rst leprocessedbRyO (make-system2 v ,K'site)O .2 , KO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O istheonlysite lethatdoResnotcontainLISPcode.Instead,2  TKO makRe-system O translateseach hostentryintoaLISPformtoexecutethefunction2 T  KO si:de ne-hostO .RThese forms are then written out to the le O "O HSTTBL.LISPO "O .(By2  ?Kdefault, the translation is only performed when the le O "O HOSTS.TEXTO " O is O newer2 ? uKO thanO "O HSTTBL.LISPO "O .)2 u K DA> y A ?C 8NevRermodifyO "O HSTTBL.LISPO "O directly;makechangesonlytothesource le, 8 nO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O . n ,A ?C }  A> y2 2 5 5AX US FO1g Ug UO Other lescon~tainedwithintheO "O SYS:SITE;O "O directorygenerallypRertaintospeci cg U softw~aresystemssucRhasO VistaO andO IrisO .Customer-de nedsystemsarealsode nedbyg A leslocatedinthisdirectory|.SeetheexplanationofO make-systemO intheO LISPMachineg A wManualO formoredetails.g w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR412 O2 O2  w gK  AS VSl 1k|@|`0`0000@0`0`0`0`0@||a~a~xx~~~A~AxxAA`x`|N@x|N~`|~`xL  LLgGFcLLFc LFc Fc Fc LwLNGI@@c9g1C1C1C1C18S`\c`@`@@c9`C1A1A1C1C18V`\fCGn;&c;fc3c3c3&c3CG{< `` ````cC` ff` ff` gf` f` f&`sC03 1 q 1 1 1 1 1{O pp}~c]6c @0F ``F 0`F`>q|n 0L`p0`` ~l[x0000x0@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@FC@@@``8@0 p``8@0 @p``@0@p``8 @@p```80 """"""""""qw{cv[c@A""""||<l6`6@|0""""`qqp@cpX@cXA"""""""""x?ay   c9X@Aaq`Op xDD8t@lfxoqhRN3   xr8X`|pqC$b#`ag@@CF@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@p@0 `8`@p@0 `8`@p@0`@p @8`0 `8`"""""""" @A @ac?GG""""""""@l0@l3Lf3Ax~7""""""""@Ap@a1csGG"""""""""""""""""""" !qG B$B$ Cd B81d0@@xpDDD D D`BX"d$DDDx@`@@aXp $ q$$x$i$xpxxrxDbDDDbD@@@@@@@@@@@@h@@@@@x@@@p@@@@@@@@@@@@DD"DC"DF "D@"DD""DDDDDDx{}~1;m61`0`@@```@``0@`C1@ccA`DDDD""""DDDDDDDD>x L >66 f3|pLxDDDD""""DDDDDDDD?G C << 0` p?_DDDD""""DDDDDDD""DD""dDDHQ""DD""DDD"""DDD""""""""""""""""""""""m     ;0>` n `0003 Ff0l~xx"""""""""""""""">"""3>0`"""p"""""""""""@@@@@@@@@@@@CA@@@@@AC@@@@@@@@@@@0G9L@?L@p6L`6L86O 0L80L`0L@p0L@0Lc 3@30@3`@3@@s|3@@?3`@30@3@3 c ~ 1C @ p@ p@``~@0`0`0` 0`C``~?Os   | l lCl        s @0p@p@0""DD""DD""DD""DD""DD""DD""""DDDD""""DDDD>=~"n6D`000`0`" 0`Dl`@xq`"D""""DDDD""""DDDD""""DDDD?x?L<<<<0 0c`~ppLx""""DDDD""""DDDD""""DDDDG C  b D?_H""""DDDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD<@B@GHHHFH:G     " "  8@@ O8LHDHHDHH|HH@H<q<   8 DLDH|H@H<3D""> xadq p ! @@GH HHHG8Z# 8b$L@ADH0AGH@ @Hpa@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\d n%HLt H%HRN(%4($%T($%W(D%(C.aTsDAbADas     3=   G< f<0ll0lX0LX3L<A xhdqqpsp   @ ` gc3GC<I  7 0  v0|x@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@CA@@@@@AC@@@0 @p`8 @8`@p@0 @0@p``80 `8`@p@0 @@p``8@0 `8`@p @0 @``8@0 `8`@0 @0p@p@0""DD"D  "D3"D"DD""""DDDD <  <0 l0 X0X3=<DDDD""""DDDDqpGsp9f0l`l@`L`aLgc3GC?DDDD""""DDDDppx0q8C@qGp@G0`p0 31{cDDDD"""DDDr""`DD`AB""LDDy""DD""DDD#$$# $$#8DDDD8G@`@$ `@ QGD Q@'@JG$JH$DHDDGbV QQr! r  '$H$H$O$HG$G 'q$I $H $H $H $GqpaX$q$ $ $i$cHcC $ #    `Hb'@@@@@@@p`@ @@@x @&@yB@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@DDDDDDDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@@DD@DD@|| xxx^c`MLF` A@ F@DDDD4@8tp`DD DD |D p@D aXLfaq|DDDDq? q   0q m9 0C `G `F a03 x<DDDD&f#"y:"a"&a"!>%;>B>e"&e9&e!&e!%;!z<f% %z=81b% b% %ce<8dxph$['%fi6Bg1.g1&@f)&BZg%;Cz="; "B;};O,OO,O<Ouser/serverO>O,O<Osystem-typReO>O,OO,[OO]2 2 $ aO Itispossibletocreateahost\onthe y",RbyexecutingO si:de ne-hostO ,then2  LacallingO si:parse-hostO (seepage116).2 L >aF{orexample:2 > j;O (si:define-host"TEMP-UNIX"2 j ]:host-names4'("TEMPU""TEMP-UNIX")2  N]:machine-type:nu2 N ]:system-type:unix2  2]:chaos'(#o3440))2 2 ;(si:parse-host"TEMP-UNIX")2  aO IfthehostdoResnotbelongonanRyphysicalnetwork,specifythekeywordO :NO-2  JaNETWRORKO insteadofeitherO :CHAOSRO orO :INTERNETO ,andspecifyO NILO asthelist2 J aofaddresses.2  ~a BA> y vA 4~M 5O Note:O UsingO si:de ne-hostO directlyasdescribRedaboveisO notO recommended. 5 kThisfunctiondoesnotchec~kthehostobjectdata.Supplyingerroneoushost k !information cancreatesevRere networkingproblems;itis bettertoaddallnew ! Whostsusingthenormalsite leprocess. W v,A 4~M v ~A> y2 ~2 ~ zKO9.2.2#HostAddresses2 z2 z laO EvReryhostspeci edinthesite lesmusthaveatleastonenetworkaddress.2 l "aOne or more addresses of either t~ypRe,CHAOS or INTERNET, may be provided.2 " Xa(F|orexample,yRoumightprovidetwoInternetaddressesforahostactingasa2 X aTCP/IP gatew~ay|.)If more than one host address is listed,the series of addresses2  Daisenclosedinapairofbrackets.2 D 5aF{orexample:2 5 b;OHOSTLAMBDA-A,WCHAOS3430,...2 b ;HOSTLAMBDA-B,WINTERNET110.0.0.1,...2  E;HOSTLAMBDA-C,W[CHAOS3440,INTERNET110.0.0.2],...2 E w;HOSTGATE-1,[INTERNET110.0.0.100,INTERNET101.0.0.100],...2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 44RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KMostRnetw~orkingfunctionsthattakeaOhostO asanargumentwillparsethear-2 @ vKgumentforeitherahostnameoranaddress.$F|unctionsthatarespeci cally2 v ,KrelatedtoTCP/IPwillinRterpretanynumberasanInternetaddress."Strings2 , bKareparsed rsttoseeiftheyspecifyaknownhostname,and nallyasdotted2 b KdecimalRn~um~bers(seebelow).Chaosnetfunctionsbehaveinasimilarfashion,2  NKandtypicallyexpecteitherahostname,Rhostobject,oranumericChaosnet2 N Kaddress.2  vKSomegenericfunctionsexpectanetw~orkRk~eyw~ordandanaddress,forexample,2 v ,KO :chaos#o3741O .2 , KThefunctionO net:parse-addressO (seepage119)isusedinRternally|,andmaybe2  TKusefulfordevelopers.2 T U5O9.2.2.1"In~ternetAddresses2 U2 U GKO The DODRMilitaryStandardfor the IPprotocol(Ref:MIL-STD-1777,8/12/83)2 G }Kde nes,amongotheraspRectsoftheIPprotocol,hoRwnetworksandnetwork2 } 3KenRtities(hosts)aretobeidenti ed.2 3 %KTheR tw~oIP netw~orkdesignationswhichareusedinLambdasite lesaretheOnet-2 % [KwRorkaddresses O for each host and,Rwhen subnets are in use,the applicableOsubnet2 [ Kmask(s)O . TheseareinturnconstrainedbRythedesignatedOnetworknumber(s)2  GKO whicRhcorrespondtothephysicaland/orlogicalnetworklayoutinuse.2 G 8KTheRnet~workaddresses,netw~orkn~umber,andapplicablesubnetmasksarede-2 8 nKterminedbRythenetworkadministrator; _O2` n$O allarerepresentedas32-bitnumbers.2 n $KTheseRn~umbersmaybeexpressedinv~ariousw~ays:aslargedecimal,octal,or2 $ ZKhexadecimalRnumbers,or(morelegibly)in\dotteddecimal"format.2 Z LKIn dotted decimal format,R each group of 8 bits,or \octet",is expressed decimally|,2 L KandoRctetsareseparatedbyperiods.!Anoctetcanhav~eaprin~tedv}aluefrom2  8K0(eacRhbit0)to255(eachbit1).Ifa32-bitnumberhasallbitssetto1,the2 8 nKdotteddecimalrepresenRtationwouldbeO "O 255.255.255.255O "O .2 n `KLISPcanrepresentdecimal,octal,andhexadecimalnotationsdirectlyandcan2 ` KcompareRn~umbersusingtheseformatsinternally{.'Butdotteddecimalformat2  LKisnotaLISPtRype,sothenetworkingfunctionsusestringswhichcontainthe2 L Kprin~tedformoftheaddress.2 5 WAX wS hO2g wg wO In~ternetRnetworkn~um~bersareociallyassignedbyDDN.g w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR452 O2 O2  w  ,aNet~workingfunctionsexpectinganInRternetaddresswillgenerallytakeanyof2 , batheseformats.F{orexample,thefolloRwingareequiv}alentInternetaddressdesig-2 b anationsformostpurposes:2  '&O2 'YO Dotteddecimalstring:O "O 101.0.0.152O "2 ' m&O2 mYO Decimal:O 16944989682 m 4&O2 4YO Octal:O #o145000002302 4 z&O2 zYO Hexadecimal:O #x650000982 z2  aO T|oproRvidesome exibilityinassigninghostaddresses,theIPspeci cationde-2  8a nessev~eralrangesofaddress,or\classes".%Therearethreeaddressclasses,2 8 nakno~wnasclassesA,B,andC.2 n `aAnIPhostaddressconsistsofthree elds:2 ` p1.2 pYabitsequencethatindicatesthenetw~orkclass,2 p 72.2 7Yabitsequenceforthenet~workRnumber,and2 7 ~3.2 ~Yabitsequenceforthelocal(host)address.2 ~ QK QAS bVSl^ xk;Q$0Q Q$9$$$$      08            $ <      <$    CAAAhf``|@p0o`hf``|@`SaRyRaRa}A!!!%:B&f@&{&s@>j%&@?R]!03C|=09122&f2&>2&&2&f3Y'001111@`P`;;Yff&f{3fr fj&B{'Y@@@111 M1311]]l33s=Y39@ `0o``hf``|@0o``!@A05A>S %:Ca&fBy&{Ba&sBa>j}%&P@@@@B131lS001135a=Sl @22&f2&>2&&2&f3Y'00;;Yff&f{3fr fj&B{'Y@@@1111^ L   O LH]^ L   O LH]^ L   O LH] 28CCC`I&co<s@ 2`8fFC`I&fo<F` 2 8  C I&&o<F1IIHHH0D1$$   8@C0DDDDD8cpNV`I$TIdTI(lf(C;$'$3 >N0g   g6O@@YXVc8q33 HRRHR^HRPl{Y g8 "  " "s8A0@@f@`@8@gA#p !P A@ @!!`!c@ F | )  (  ) F@ s"@! 3 NHHHN 9N9 RH9RHIRH?m50 c%Lcx@@1@JB@J@JR@1`f8` ) @  !G8`!a cc$ $q$S\ssy*Ht#D"{MqNA#%NIHH!HaN8` @ p9H$H$H$00`H 8H9 0$H$H$80  `@ L``@ L`T 5TO Figure12.O In~ternetAddresses} 5 QAS2 Q waBy inspRecting the high-order bits in an address, it is alwa~ys possible to determine2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 46RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KtheRnetw~orkclassdesignation.Theo setandlengthoftheother eldsdepends2 @ vKonthenet~workclass.!Figure12,Rpage45,shoRwsthecompositionofatypical2 v ,KIn~ternetaddress.2 , KA Osubnet mask O is a bit mask whicRh, when applied to an Internet network address,2  TKmasksallofthenetworkRnumber eldand,optionally|,partofthelocaladdress2 T  K eld.*Whensubnetsareinuse,theapplicablesubnetmaskisusedtokeep2  @Kdi erentsubnetstogetherorseparateforroutingpurposes.%Asillustratedin2 @ vKFigure13,Rpage46,thedefaultsubnetmasksarethosethatarecommonlyused2 v ,Kfortheappropriateclassnetw~orkwheresubnetsareO notO inuse.2 , g5 hAS RONet~workClass:g Rg RUO {A{g Rg R*{B{g Rg R~{C{g Rg Rg R =Sampleaddress:g =g =U100.000.000.002g =g =*128.001.000.002g =g =~192.001.002.003g =g =g = sNet~worknumber:g sg sU100.000.000.000g sg s*128.001.000.000g sg s~192.001.002.000g sg sg s )DefaultSubnetg )g )g ) _!Mask:g _g _U255.000.000.000g _g _*255.255.000.000g _g _~255.255.255.000g _g _g _ KO Figure13.O Example-Net~workAddressesandSubnetMasksg K gAS2 g 5O9.2.2.2"ChaosAddresses2 2   KO EacRhhostontheChaosnetlocal-areanetworkisidenti edbya16-bitOChaos2  CKaddressO consistingoftw~o elds:aOsubnetO ,designatedbRythemostsigni cant82 C yKbits,Randahostaddress(withinthesubnet),designatedbRytheleastsigni cant2 y /K8bits.Both eldsmustbenon-zero.2 / !KThesubnetnum~bRerofaChaosaddresscanbedeterminedinLISPwiththeO ldb2 ! WKO function:2 W %O (LDB(byte88)OaddressO )2  KO ByRconven~tion,Chaosaddressesarespeci edasoctaln~umbers.Inthesite le2  7KO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O eacRhoctaladdressisentereddirectly|,withoutapre x.*In2 7 mKLISP|,theoctalrepresenRtationmustbeindicatedbythe\#o"octalpre x,asin2 m #K\O #o3741O ".2 # KTherangeofaddressesforaparticularsubnetnumberRmaybecalculatedas2  KKfollo~ws:2 K w%O low5address:N(*256)2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR472 O2 O2  w @;O highaddress:N(+(*256)255)2 @ / aO ThefolloRwingtableliststhehighandlowaddressforsubnets1through15:2 K @AS wOSUBNET} } nLOW} } eHIGH} } }  wO 1} } n400} } e777} } }  :w2} :} :n1000} :} :e1377} :} :} : pw3} p} pn1400} p} pe1777} p} p} p &w4} &} &n2000} &} &e2377} &} &} & \w5} \} \n2400} \} \e2777} \} \} \ w6} } n3000} } e3377} } }  Hw7} H} Hn3400} H} He3777} H} H} H ~w8} ~} ~n4000} ~} ~e4377} ~} ~} ~ 3w9} 3} 3n4400} 3} 3e4777} 3} 3} 3 iw10} i} in5000} i} ie5377} i} i} i w11} } n5400} } e5777} } }  Uw12} U} Un6000} U} Ue6377} U} U} U  w13}  }  n6400}  }  e6777}  }  }  Aw14} A} An7000} A} Ae7377} A} A} A ww15} w} wn7400} w} we7777} w} w} w /AS2 / !aWithoneexception(describRedinthenextsection),LambdaChaosnetsoftw~are2 ! WaimpRosesnorestrictionsonChaosaddresses.Lam~bdahostsonthesameph~ysical2 W  anetw~orkRmayha~v~eChaosaddressesindicatingdi erentlogicalsubnets.!Note,2  Caho~wever,thatRLambdahostscannotactasChaosnetgatewa~ysorbridges,but2 C yatheycanco-existonanetw~orkwithotherChaosnethoststhatperformthese2 y /afunctions.2 / kKO9.2.3#HostAMNESIA2 k2 k ]aO SometimeswhenaLam~bRdahostbootsupitcannotobtainitsoRwnhostidentity|.2 ] aThisonlyhappenswhen1)thehost'snameisnotobtainedfromthe packname,2  Iaor 2)thehost's oRwnentry cannot befoundamong theknown hosts in theloaded2 I asiteinformation.2  qaInthissituation,thehostassignsitselfthereservedChaosaddress3412(octal).2 q 'aByRconv~ention,thisaddressisreserv~edforthespecialhostname,O AMNESIAO .2 ' aThesamplesite lesincludede nitionsforO AMNESIAO inbothO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "2  OaO andO "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O .It is importanttokeep theseentriesinyourown site les.2 O AaWhenasystembootsas O AMNESIAO , the systemheralddisplaysthehostname as2 A wa\[Unkno~wnChaosAddress]".T|ocorrectthiscondition,useO si:set-sys-hostO (see2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 48RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @Kpage63)andO upRdate-site-con guration-infoO (seepage69)topointtoandloada2 @ vKcurrentsetofsite les.2 v /5O9.2.4#HostUser/ServR~erTypes2 /2 / !KO EacRhO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O entryincludesa eldconsistingofoneofthekeywords2 ! WK\USER"or\SER{VER".This eldindicateswhetherthemacRhineprovidesser-2 W  Kvicestoremotehosts.2  KThe LamRbda networking software does not maintain oruse this information,but2  5KitmRustbeenteredforcompatibilitywiththehost-tableparser.2 5 s5O9.2.5#HostMacR~hine/SystemTypes2 s2 s eKO EacRhO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O entryincludesthehost's\machinetype"(hardware)and2 e K\systemtRype"(software).2   KTheR networkingsoftwaredoesn'tactuallydependonthemac~hinetypeforproper2  CKcommRunications;itcanbeobtainedfromeachhostobject,however,andcanbe2 C yKusedbRydevelopers.2 y kKThesystemt~ype,Rontheotherhand,iscriticaltonetw~orkingRfunctionality;itis2 k !KusedtodeterminethehostobjecttRype,the lesystemtype,andthedirectory2 ! VKline-parsingtype.2 V fO2 fCO The O systemRtyp}e O corresponds to the O hostobje}cttyp~eO ,aR  a~v~orde nitionused2 f CtoimplemenRtmethodsforaparticularsystemtype.SeeSection14.1for2  RCabriefdiscussiononhostobjects;consulttheO LISPMachineManualO for2 R Cdetails.2  NO2 NCO TheRO lesystemtyp~eO isusedtodeterminetheappropriate a~v~ortobeused2 N Cfor pathname parsing.In general,this correspRonds to the O systemtyp~e O spec-2  :Ci edinO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O .Inexceptionalcases,the lesystemtypedi ers2 : pCfromthegeneralsystemtRype,toinformthenetworkingsoftwareabout2 p &CexceptionalbehaRvior.TheseexceptionsmustbRespeci edinO "O SITE.LISPO "2 & \CO withthesite leparameterO :SPECIAL-FILE-HOSTSO (seepage59).2 \ #O2 #CO TheO dir}e~ctorylinepR}arsingtypeO generallycorrespondstothe lesystem2 # YCtRype,butisde nedseparatelytoaccountfordiscrepanciesamongremote2 Y C leservers.2  UCDirectory line parsing is used b~y TCP/FTP during le access;certain FTP2 U CoperationsreceivReatextlistingofaremotedirectory|,andthenetworking2 ACsoftw~areparseseacRhlinetoobtaindetailedinformationabouteach le,2 A wCsucRhasowner/author,permissions,andcreationdate(whenav}ailable).2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR492 O2 O2  w @aAppRendixA,O Host/SystemT~ypesO ,describestheimplemenRtedsystemtypes.2 @ vaTheassociated avorsandkeywordsR(suchassystemtype)arelistedforeac~h2 v ,ahostt~ype.2 , sKO9.3*SiteOptions2 s2 s eaO TheoptionsspReci edinO "O SITE.LISPO "O areglobal:theya ectallLambdahosts.2 e aSiteoptionsinO "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O areforaspeci cLambdaonly|.2  KO9.3.1#GlobalSiteOptions-SITE.LISP2 2   aO Most of the site options describRed below are normally speci ed as global options.2  |aTheonlyLISPforminO "O SITE.LISPO "O shouldbeacalltothemacroO si:defsiteO ,2 | 2awhicRh establishes the global v}alues of site options.O si:defsite O takes two arguments,2 2 haOsiteO andOoptionsO .2 h ZaTheOsiteO argumenRtmustbeakeywordsitename,suchasO :OUR-SITEO .2 Z LaTheOoptionsO argumenRtisalistofoptionentries;eachentryisalist.TheO CAR2 L aO ofeacRhentryisakeywordoptionname,suchasO :ST|ANDALONEO .TheO CADRO of2  8aeachRentryspeci estheoptionv~alue.2 8 *aSeeFigure14,Rpage50,foranexampleofO "O SITE.LISPO "O .(Itisabriefv~ersionof2 * `atheexample ledistributedwiththeO R}ele}ase4OptionsT|ap~eO .)2 ` ]KO9.3.2#Lam~bdaRMachineLocations-LML~OCS.LISP2 ]2 ] OaO The leO "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O containsoneentryforeachLISPMachineatyoursite.2 O aOnepurpRoseofthis leistorecordthephysicallocationofeacRhLISPmachine2  ;ahost.2 ; -aInaddition,globalsiteoptionsthatarelistedinO "O SITE.LISPO "O canbeo~verri-2 - cadenforparticularhostsinO "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O ."Ine ect,eachhostseesitsown2 c aO "O LMLROCSO "O siteoptionv}alue,ifonewasspeci ed;otherwise,itseestheglobal2  Oav~alue.2 O AaTheonlyLISPforminO "O LML~OCS.LISPO "O shouldbeaO defconstO thatde nesthe2 A wav~ariableO si:machine-location-alistO .2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 50RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS pO;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Package:SYSTEM-INTERNALS;Readtable:ZL;Base:10-*-g  vp;;;PrototypesitedeclarationforLambdas.g v Zp;;;ChangeCUSTOMERtoyourownsitename.g Z  p;;;Besuretocheckthevaluesofalltheoptions.g  op(DEFSITE:CUSTOMERg o S(:SHORT-SITE-NAME"CustomerSite")g S (:LONG-SITE-NAME"CustomerLambdaNetwork")g  h;;Thehostonwhichthesystemsourcesarelocated.g h (:SYS-HOST"LM")g  ~;;Alistofmachinesthathaveaservertoprovidethetimeanddateg ~ 0;;tomachinesonthenetwork.g 0 a(:CHAOS-TIME-SERVER-HOSTS'("Lambda-A""Lambda-B""Lambda-C"))g a E;;Hoststhatcanprovideinformationaboutnon-Chaosnethosts.g E w(:CHAOS-HOST-TABLE-SERVER-HOSTS'())g w [;;Hoststhathavemailserverscapableofforwardingmailanywhere.g [  (:CHAOS-MAIL-SERVER-HOSTS'())g  p;;TheargumentisthenumberofhourseastofGMT.,EST=5,CST=6,etc.g p "(:TIMEZONE5)g " ;;DestinationformailtoBUG-,amailserverhostname,orNILg  7(:HOST-FOR-BUG-REPORTS'())g 7 ;;"Localsites",usedbyZMailsummarydisplayg  M(:LOCAL-MAIL-HOSTS'("Lambda-A"))g M 0;;Alistoflistsofnamesandprinterspecs.Knownprintertypesg 0 b;;include:LASER1,:LASER1+,:IMAGEN,and:TI855.g b (:PRINTER-NAMES'((("OUR-PRINTER")(:TI855"Lambda-A"))))g  x;;Thisspecifiesthedefaultprinterfortext.g x )(:DEFAULT-PRINTER"OUR-PRINTER")g ) ;;Thisspecifiesthedefaultprinterforscreendumpsandarrays.g ?(:DEFAULT-BIT-ARRAY-PRINTER'(:TI855"Lambda-A"))g ? ";;Nameandnumber(s)ofthenetworkg " T(:NETWORK-NAMES'((("CUSTOMER-NETWORK")g T :((:CHAOS7)))))g  8)g 8 ^$O Figure14.O ExampleofSITE.LISPg ^ wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR512 O2 O2  w O &Constant2 2 aO si:machine-location-alist2  6vO AlistofLISPmacRhinelocationentries.2 62 O AaThisv}ariableisanassociationlist;eacRhmemberofthelistisanotherlistthat2 A wade nestheloRcationofonehost.Thegeneralpatternofalocationen~tryis:2 w #;O (host-full-namepretty-name2 # UUlocation-string2 U U(buildingfloor)2  9Uassociated-machine2 9 kUsite-options)2 k iaO TheelemenRtsofeachlocationentryarefollows:2 i x&O2 xYOHost-full-name:O ThenameofthehosttobRede ned,speci edasastring.2 x ?&O2 ?YOPretty-name:MO Astringgivingafulldescriptionofthehost./Thisis2 ? uYdispla~yed,forexample,byO print-heraldO andO hostatO .2 u ;&O2 ;YOLoRcation-string:HO Astringdescribingtheph~ysicallocationofthehost2 ; qYsystem.2 q 8&O2 8YOBuilding- oRor:O A listdescribing the ph~ysicallocationofthehost.The rst2 8 nYelemenRtofthelistisasymbRolthatdescribestheph~ysicalsite;thesecond2 n $YelemenRtcanbeusedtodistinguishaparticularphysicallocationwithin2 $ ZYthatRsite.Acon~v~entionthatisusedatman~ysitesistoenterthebuilding2 Z Ynameand oor.2  V&O2 VYOAssoRciated-machine:)O Thisis the nameofthehostwhere userslocate their2 V  Ypersonaldirectories. TheO loginO function,Rbydefault,loRoksontheassoci-2  BYatedmachineforusers'directoriesandinitialization les.Theassociated2 B xYmac~hineneednotbRethesameasthelocalhost;onanetw~orkwhereusers2 x .YsharemRultiplemachinesinaterminalroom,Rforexample,itmaRybeconve-2 . dYnienRttodesignatea leserverwithalarge lecapacityastheassociated2 d YmacRhineforallLambdas.2  `&O2 `YOSite-options:&O Thisisalistofsiteoption/v}aluepairsthato~v~erridethe2 ` YglobaloptionsenRteredinO "O SITE.LISPO "O .+Theoverridingv}aluesareseen2  LYonlybRythesinglehostde nedbythecurrententry|.Siteoptionsthatare2 L Ycustomizableforindividualconvenience,suchasO :DEFzAUL|T-PRINTERO ,are2  8Ycommonlyoverriden.2 82 w [[U2  O5O 52RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KF{orexample,thefolloRwingentryspReci esinformationspeci ctoLambdahost2 @ vKO OTHER-HOSTO :itsassociatedmacRhineisO MASTERO ,andtheattachedLASER1-2 v ,KPlusprinRteristhedefaultprinter.2 , XYO ("OTHER-HOST""YetAnotherLambda"5"K.Corbett'soffice"(CAM-2 X  %BRIDGE7)2  <s"MASTER"2 < ns((:DEFAULT-PRINTER(:LASER1+"OTHER-HOST"))))2 n lKO SeeFigure15,page53,foralistingofanexampleofO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O .2 l 15O9.3.3#Net~work-WideOptions2 12 1 #KO Thisc~hapterdescribResthesiteoptionsthatpertaintothenetw~orkasawhole.2 # 3KO :NETW~ORK-NAMESO[list-of-netw~ork-specs]2 32 32 3 i 1;O Thev~alueofthisoptionisalistofnet~workRspeci cations;eac~hspec-2 1 g;i cationincludesnet~workname(s),Rn~um~ber,and(optionally)anIP2 g ;subnetmask.2  e;Inpractice,theinformationspeci edbRyO :NETWORK-NAMESO isonly2 e ;usedbRyLambdassituatedonanIPnetworkwithsubnets.However,2  Q;itisrecommendedthatyRouincludetheoption,sincefuturesoftware2 Q ;maydependonit.2  O;The rstelemenRtofeachspeci cationisalistofstrings.Eachstring2 O ;proRvidesanicknameforthenetwork.2  M;ThesecondelemenRtofeachspReci cationisanassociationlistde-2 M ;scribingtheprotoRcolssupportedonthisnet~work.Eac~hmem~berof2  9;thislistisitselfalistthatbReginswithanet~workprotocolkeyword,2 9 o;eitherO :CHAROSO orO :INTERNETO .F|ollowingeachprotocolkeywordis2 o %;thecorrespRondingnet~worknumber.F|orRO :CHAOSO ,thisisthesubnet2 % [;n~umbRer;forO :INTERNETO ,thisisthenetw~orknumber.2 [ #;Optionally|,folloRwinganInternetnetworknumber,thesitemanager2 # Y;can specify a Osubnet maskO .This mask is used to distinguish addresses2 Y ;onseparatesubnetswithinthenet~work. Ifsubnetsarenotinuse,2  E;thesubnetmaskO mustb~eNILorabsentO forIn~ternetaddressingto2 E {;functioncorrectly|.2 { C;SeeSection9.2.2.1,RIn~ternetAddresses,forfurtherinformationon2 C y;In~ternetaddressesandsubnetmasks.2 y A;Here'sanexampleO "O SITE.LISPO "O en~trythatpertainstoaclassAnet-2 A w;workRwhichconsistsoft~wosubnets;eightbitsofthelocaladdress2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR532 O2 O2  wK  AS pO;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Package:SI;Base:8;Readtable:T-*-}  up;;;MACHINE-LOCATION-ALISTisalistofentries,oneforeachLispMachine.} u 'p;;;Eachentrylookslike:} ' Yp;;;X(host-namepretty-namelocation(buildingfloor)associated-machine} Y  psite-options)}  <p;;;wherehost-nameistheofficialnameofthemachine(sameasinthe} < nphosttable),} n  p;;;pretty-nameisahuman-readableversionofthehost-name,locationis}  Rptypically} R p;;;anofficeand/orphonenumber,buildingandfloorareself-explanatory,}  5pand} 5 gp;;;associated-machineisthedefaultloginhostforthisLispMachine.} g Kp;;;Example:} K }p;;;("GODOT""WaitingforGodot""Room341,x2674"("1000MassAve."3)} } .p"LAMBDA-A"} . `p;;;Z'((:sys-host"POZZO")(:default-printer"LUCKY")))} ` Dp(DEFCONSTMACHINE-LOCATION-ALIST} D vJ'(("LAMBDA-A"D"LambdaRA"D"MachineRoom"} v ' (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} '  v("LMI-AMNESIA""[UnknownChaosAddress]"B"Nonexistent"}  = (Elsewhere0)"LMI-AMNESIA")} = !v("LAMBDA-B"/"LambdaB"\"MachineRoom"} ! R (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} R  6v("LAMBDA-C"p"LambdaC"D"MachineRoom"} 6 h (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} h  Kv("LAMBDA-D"p"LambdaD"."MachineRoom"} K } (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} } / av("LAMBDA-E"p"LambdaE"."MachineRoom"} a  (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")}  D vv("LAMBDA-F"p"LambdaF"."MachineRoom"} v ( (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} ( Z v("LAMBDA-G"p"LambdaG"."MachineRoom"} > (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} > o !v("LAMBDA-H"p"LambdaH"."MachineRoom"} ! S (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")} S  7v))} 7 uO Figure15.O ExampleofLMLOCS.LISP}  &AS2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 54RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @;areusedtospRecifythesubnetn~umber.Hostsonthisnetworkhave2 @ v;addressesoftheform\100.1.x.x"or\100.2.x.x".2 v 6 IO(DEFSITE...2 I {+...2 { -A(:NETWORK-NAMES'((("A-NETWORK")2 - __((:INTERNET"100.1.0.0""255.255.0.0")2 _ t(:CHAOS7)))2  BI(("B-NETWORK")2 B t_((:INTERNET"100.2.0.0""255.255.0.0")))))2 t &+...)2 &2 6 "KO :SHORT-SITE-NAMEO 2 "2 "2 " XKO :L~ONG-SITE-NAMEO 2 X2 X2 X KO :SITE-PRETTY-NAMEO 2 2 2  D  ;O TheseoptionsproRvidedi erentformsofthenetworksitename.The2  A;shortnameshouldbeashort(one-word)abbreviation.Thelongand2 A w;\pretty"namescanincludespaces.F{orexample:2 w yO (:SHORT-SITE-NAME"W.W.")2 y *(:LONG-SITE-NAME"WidgetWorks")2 * \(:SITE-PRETTY-NAME"++WidgetWorks,Inc.++")2 \ (5O9.3.4#CustomHostInitializations2 (2 ( 8KO :DEF{AUL|T-INITIAL-FORM2 82 82 8 n 5;O ThesiteoptionO :DEF{A~UL|T-INITIAL-FORMO ,ifpresent,speci esa2 5 k;LISPformtobReev}aluatedwhentheLam~bdaboots.%(Itisgener-2 k !;allyusedforspeci cmacRhines,nottheentiresite,andthusshould2 ! W;beusedinO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O .)2 W ;Whenahostisbooted,afterthecold-bootinitializationsarecom-2  U;pleted,theRO :DEF{AUL|T-INITIAL-FORMO (ifan~y)isprintedoutandthe2 U ;userisaskRedwhethertoexecuteit.IftheuseranswersOYESO (orafter2 A;aone-min~utetimeout),theformisev}aluated.2 A ;AgoodRw~aytousethisfeatureistosetupaLISPprogramonthe2  >;systemhostwhicRhexecutesthedesiredinitializations.-Thisway|,2 > t;theinitializationproRceduresmaybemodi edsimplybyeditingand2 t *;compilingtheinitializationprogram.2 * q;F{orexample,thefolloRwingentryinO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O wouldexecute2 q ';asystemstartupprogramatboottime:2 '2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR552 O2 O2  w @EO :2 @ rE(:default-initial-form2 r $`(catch-error2 $ V|(load"sys:site;startup")))2 V E:2  [QO TheO catch-errorO formissuggestedasameansoftrappingerrorsthat2 [ Qcouldcausethesysteminitializationstoabort.2  IKO9.3.5#SystemTimeServices2 I2 I XaO :ST|ANDAL~ONEO[TorNIL]2 X2 X2 X  UQO IfthisoptionisO TO ,eacRhLambdais\standalone",andgetsitssystem2 U  QtimefromitsoRwnbatteryclock.If O NILO ,eachLambdawillattemptto2  @Qgetitssystemtimefromtheremote\timeservRerhosts"(seebelow).2 @ ,aO :TIMEZONEO[hours-west-of-GMT]2 ,2 ,2 , b )QO Thisoption spReci es thetimezonelocation ofthe network.Thetime-2 ) _QzoneisexpressedinhourswRestofGreenwichMeanTime.F|orexam-2 _ Qple,theContinen~talUSAEasternTimezoneisen~teredas:2  +O (:TIMEZONE5)2  iQO Accordingly|,RCen~traltimelocationsuse6,Moun~taintimelocations2 i Quse7,andPaci ctimelocationsuse8.2   aO :CHAOS-TIME-SERVER-HOSTSO[list-of-Chaos-hosts]2  2  2  @ QO ThisoptionspReci esalistofChaosnethostswhichsupportaserv~er2  =Qtoprovidethetimeanddatetootherhosts.)Onsystemstartup,2 = sQnon-standaloneLam~bRdaswillpollthesehoststogetthetimeofday|.2 s :QThev}alueisalistofhostnames;forexample,2 : :+O (:CHAOS-TIME-SERVER-HOSTS'("OPUS""TISH"))2 : sKO9.3.6#ChaosnetOptions2 s2 s eaO TheoptionsinthissectionapplyonlytoChaosnet.2 e2 w [[U2  O5O 56RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KO :SERVER-MA~CHINEO[TorNIL]2 @2 @2 @ v =;O Normally|,aLamRbda'sChaosnetservices(suchasremote leaccess)2 = s;areenabledatbootRtime.#However,whenaLam~bdaisusedoften2 s );asaservRermachineatasite,itmaybenecessarytodelayaccess2 ) _;totheservicesun~tilcertainotherinitializationsareperformed.&If2 _ ;theLamRbda'sO :SERVER-MACHINEO siteoptionv~alueisnon-NIL,then2  K;itsservicesareO notO enabledautomaticallyatboottime;insteadthe2 K ;functionO si:enable-servicesO (seepage81)mustbecalled.2  H;NotethattheO :servRer-machineO optionwouldnormallybRespeci edin2 H ~;O "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O toapplyonlytospeci cLambdas,notall.2 ~ jKO :ESC-F-ARG-ALISTOalist2 j2 j2 j  g;O ThissiteoptionsetsthevR}ariableO tv:* nger-arg-alist*O .Thisvariable2 g ;conRtrolstheO ngerO programdisplayinvokedbyOh| }AU   O TERMINAL{ {  *AU{ {  NOiO FO .2  e;Thev~alueoftheO :esc-f-arg-alistO siteoptionshouldbReanassociation2 e ;list.TheO CARO ofeacRhelementiseitherasingledigit(0to9)orO TO ,2  P;orO NILO .TheseassociationkReysindicateanargumenttopasstothe2 P ;O ngerO programwhentheusertypesOh| fAU   O TERMINAL   AU   NOiO FO .F{orexample,the2  <;usermaRytypReOh| AU < ?O TERMINALJ <J < IAUJ <J <N <NOiO 0-FO ;ifthereisanassociatedelemen~tof2 < r;O tv:* nger-arg-alist*O ,thatargumentispassedtoO ngerO .2 r :;TheassociationelemenRtO TO indicatesthedefaultO ngerO actiontotake2 : o;whentheO ngerO argumenRtdoesnothaveanassociatedentry{.%The2 o %;associationelementO NILO isusedwhentheuserpressesOh| AU % (O TERMINAL+ %+ % 2AU+ %+ %/ %NOiO F2 % [;O withnoarguments.2 [ #;TheO CDRO ofeacRhelementspeci esastring,keyword,orlistthatis2 # Y;passedtotheO ngerO program.AstringspReci esahosttobe ngered.2 Y ;ThefolloRwingkeywordsarealsorecognized:2  sO2 s3O :READ-Asktheuserwhic~hhost(s)to nger.2 s ;O2 ;3O :LROGIN-Fingerthedefaultloginhostorassociatedmachine.2 ; O2 3O :ASSOCIA{TED-Fingertheassociatedmachine.2  IO2 I3O :LISP-MACHINES,R :LOCAL-LISP-MA~CHINES,:ALL-LISP-MA~CHINES2 I 3Finger knoRwn LISP machines.O :ALL-LISP-MACHINES O ngers all2  53knoRwnhosts of type O :LISPMO ;the otherkeywords ngerallhosts2 5 k3listed in the LISPM mac~hine location information (from the site2 k !3 leO "O LML~OCS.LISPO "O ).2 ! t;ARlistofhostsand/orv}alidk~eyw~ords(otherthanO :READO )canbe2 t *;speci edtocombinetheiractions.2 * r;F{or example,the folloRwing might be entered in O "O SITE.LISPO " O to de ne2 r (;theO ngerO program'sbehavior:2 (2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR572 O2 O2  w @+O (DEFSITE...2 @ ry:2 r $y:2 $ V+(:ESC-F-ARG-ALIST'((NIL.:ALL-LISP-MACHINES)2 V 6(T.:LISP-MACHINES)2  96(0.:READ)2 9 k6(1"UNIX-A""UNIX-B")))2 k y:2  OE)2 O "QO Withthissiteoptionv}alue,thee ectofOh| AU " %O TERMINAL " " /AU " " "OOiO FO withnoargu-2 " XQmenRtisto ngerallLISPmachines;Oh| 7AU X [O TERMINALD XD X eAUD XD XH XNOiO 0-FO wouldprompt2 X QforaloRcationto nger;Oh| mAU  O TERMINAL7 7  AU7 7 ; OOiO 1-FO w~ould ngerthespeci ed2  DQlistofUnixhosts;andOh| #AU D GO TERMINAL D D QAU D D DNOiO FO withanRyotherargumentwould2 D zQ ngerLISPmac~hineswithlocationinformation.2 z 7KO9.3.7#TCP/IPOptions2 72 7 )aO ThefollowingsiteoptionappliesonlytoTCP/IP|.2 ) 8aO :BROKEN-BERKELEY-UNIX-BRO~ADCAST-ADDRESS-PO[TorNIL]2 82 82 8 n 4QO Thissiteoptionm~ustbRespeci edifthereareBerkeley4.2Unix2 4 jQsystemson yRour network.Such systems have anon-standard method2 j  QofdoingIPRbroadcasting.Ify~ousetthisoptiontoOTO (true),TCP/IP2  VQwillalsousethismethoRd,andwillbeabletobroadcasttotheUnix2 V  Qsystems.+Ify~ousettheoptiontoNILR(oromitit),TCP/IPwill2  BQusethestandardmethoRd,andwillbeabletobroadcasttosystems2 B xQthatpropRerlyusethestandardmethod(includingsystemsrunning2 x .QBerkeleyUnix4.3).2 . uQT|oenableBerkReley4.2IPbroadcastingcompatibility|,addthefol-2 u +Qlo~wingRentryinO "O SITE.LISPO "O :2 + ++O (:broken-berkeley-unix-broadcast-address-pT)2 + pKO9.3.8#PrinterOptions2 p2 p baO ThesiteoptionsdescribRedinthissectionspecifyparametersusedbRytheprinter2 b asoftw~are.TheRprintersoftwareisdocumen~tedintheOPrinterSoft~wareGuideO .2 2 w [[U2  O5O 58RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KO :DEF{AUL|T-PRINTERO[prin~ter-spec]2 @2 @2 @ v 9;O Thisoptionsetsthev}ariableO si:*default-printer*O ,whichinturnspeci-2 9 o; esthedefaultO :PRINTERO argumenRttotexthardcopyfunctions.The2 o %;Oprin~ter-spRecO shouldbeeitherakeywordforat~ypeofprinter,astring2 % [;foraprinRtername,oraquotedlistcontainingakeywordandargu-2 [ ;menRtsspecifyingtheprintertypReandhostlocation.2  T;Examples:2 T QO (:default-printer'(:ti855"MORTICIA"))2 Q (:default-printer"TISH-PRINTER")2  4(:default-printer:ti855)2 4 ;O The rst example is a full speci cation.The second examle illustrates2  9;areferencetooneoftheprinRtersspeci edbyO :PRINTER-NAMESO .2 9 o;ThethirdillustratesareferencetoaprinRtersspeci edbyO :DEF{AUL|T-2 o %;PRINTER-HOST-ALISTO (seebelow).2 % KO :DEF{ARUL|T-BIT-ARRA|Y-PRINTERO[printer-spec]2 2 2  G  ;O Thisoptionsetsthev}ariableO si:*default-bit-array-printer*O ,whic~hin2  @;turnspeci esthedefaultO :PRINTERO argumenRttobit-maphardcopy2 @ v;functions.Thev}alueisspeci edasforO :DEF{A~UL|T-PRINTERO .2 v bKO :DEF{AUL|T-PRINTER-HOST-ALISTO[a-list]2 b2 b2 b  [;O ThisoptionisusedbRytheoptionalTigerprintersoftware.#Itsets2 [ ;thev}ariableO tiger:*default-printer-host-alist*O ,whichisusedtolocate2  G;aprinRterspeci edonlybyprintertype.Specifyaquotedassociation2 G };listwithhostnamesindexedbRyprintertypes.2 } ?;F{orexample:2 ? <O (:default-printer-host-alist2 < nf'((:ti855"LAMA")2 n (:toshiba"LAMC")))2 KO :PRINTER-NAMESO[list]2 2 2  N ;O Setsthev}ariableO si:*printer-names*O ,whicRhisusedtode neprinters2  G;b~yname;thenamescanthenbReusedtospecifyprinterswithinthe2 G };otherprinRtersiteoptionsabove:&O :default-printerO ,O :default-bit-array-2 } 3;printerO ,andO :default-printer-host-alistO .2 3 v;Specifyaquotedlist;eacRhelementofthelistde nesaprinterwhich2 v ,;canbereferredtobRyitsname(s).Eachsub-listhastheform2 ,2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR592 O2 O2  w @+O (("string1""string2"...))2 @ QO ...wherethestringsarenamesbRywhichtheprinterisknown.The2  LQOprin~ter-spRecO shouldbealistspecifyingtheprinRtertypReandlocation.2 L QF{orexample:2  +O (:PRINTER-NAMES2  J_'((("OURS""CS""CS-LASER")(:IMAGEN"MORTICIA"))2 J |(("ITS"4"CS-TI855")(:TI855"IT"))))2 | .+(:DEFAULT-PRINTER"CS-TI855")2 . `+(:DEFAULT-BIT-ARRAY-PRINTER"CS-LASER")2 ` .KO9.3.9#De ningFzoreignSystems2 .2 .  aO ThissectiondescribResoptionswhichspecifyinformationrequiredfordealing2  Vawithforeign(non-LamRbda)systemtypes.2 V haO :HOST-DEFzAUL|T-DEVICE-ALISTO[host.devicepairs]2 h2 h2 h  gQO This option spReci es whic~h device should be used by default for path-2 g QnamesonaspReci chost.$Thisisespeciallyusefulwithhoststhat2  SQsupportmultiplediskdevices.2 S QTheoption'sv~alueisanassociationlistofdottedpairs,oneforeac~h2  RQremote host.The rst elemenRt of each pair is a host name;the second2 R QelemenRtofeachpairisastringspecifyingthedevicename.2  QQF{orexample,thefolloRwingentryspeci esthatpathnamesonthe2 Q QV{AX/VMSRhost\MY-VzAX"shouldincludethedefaultdiskdevice2  =Q\USERO _O DISK"(whicRhispresumablyalogicaldeviceassignmenton2 = sQtheV{AX):2 s v+O (:HOST-DEFAULT-DEVICE-ALIST2 v (_'(("MY-VAX"4.5"USER_DISK")))2 ( !aO :SPECIAL-FILE-HOSTS2 !2 !2 ! W QO The le-systemtRypeofaremote leserverhostisgenerallyequiv-2 VQalenRttothesystemtypRespeci edforthehostinO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O .2 V QHow~ever,someexceptionsdoexistandneedbeen~teredusingthis2 BQsiteoption.2 B QAnexceptionexists,Rforexample,whenaparticularv~endor'simple-2 AQmenRtationof a\standard" system type deviatesfromthe standard in2 A wQcertainrespRects.TheO :special- le-hostsO siteoptionproRvideskeywords2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 60RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @;that are used bRy the le access software to recognize these exceptional2 @ v;cases.2 v =;TheO :SPECIAL-FILE-HOSTSO optionconsistsofanassociationlistof2 = s; le-systemRtypes.Each\special" leserverhostislistedunderthe2 s );appropriate le-systemtype.2 ) o;F{orexample:2 o pO (:SPECIAL-FILE-HOSTS2 p "I'((:LMFS"SYMB-1""SYMB-2")2 " T~(:UNIX-SGI"SGI-HOST")))2 T ';O TheexampleabRov~e includesalistofSym~bolicshostswith the O :LMFS2 ' ];O lesystemtRype,andaSiliconGraphicsUnixworkstationwiththe2 ] ;O :UNIX-SGIO lesystemt~ype.2  Y;F{ormostnet~workingpurposes,allMIT-descendedLISPmachines{2 Y ;LamRbdas,Explorers, and Symbolics { are quite similar,and therefore2  E;classi edunderthesystemtRypeO :LISPMO .However,theSymbolics2 E {;pathnamesynRtaxdi erssigni cantlyfromtheLambdaandExplorer2 { 1;systems.&Therefore,SymRbolicshostsmustbRespeci edasO :special-2 1 g; le-hostsO oftRypeO :LMFSO inorderfortheLambdatoparseSymbolics2 g ;pathnamescorrectly|.2  U5O9.3.10"MailOptions2 U2 U  KO :CHAOS-MAIL-SERVER-HOSTSOlist-of-hosts2  2  2  @ ;O Thisoptionspeci esalistofhoststhatarecapableofaccepting2  <;mailandforwardingittootherlocations.MostVMS,TOPS-20,and2 < r;UniximplemenRtationsofChaosnethavethiscapability|.MostLISP2 r (;mac~hinesdonot.2 ( o;Example:O :chaos-mail-server-hosts'(O "O UNIX-AO ""O UNIX-BO "O )2 o [KO :SMTP-MAIL-SERVER-HOSTSOlist-of-hosts2 [2 [2 [  W;O Thisoptionspeci esalistofhoststhatarecapableofaccepting2 W ;TCP/SMTPmail.2 T;Example:O :smtp-mail-serv~er-hosts'(O "O MEGA-VzAXO "O )2 T2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR612 O2 O2  w @aO :DEF{AUL|T-MAIL-MODEOkeyword2 @2 @2 @ v AQO Thev~alueofthisoptionshouldbeoneofthet~wokeywords,O:CHAOS2 A wQO orO:SMTPO .ThisoptionindicateswhicRhmailprotocolisusedbythe2 w -QaRv}ailablemailserver(s).2 - aO :ALLOW-LM-IN-FROM-FIELDOTorNIL2 2 2  O QO This option spReci es whether the Lambda mail program O ZMail O should2  PQalloRwtheusertospecifyaLISPmachineintheOF|rom:O eldofamail2 P Qmessage. SinceLamRbdastypicallydonotsupportamailserver,it2  <QisassumedthattheO replyO commandinmostmailsystemsma~ynot2 < rQwRorkcorrectlyifthemessageoriginatesfromaLISPmachine.Ifthis2 r (QoptionisO NILO ,O ZMailO willprompttheuserforacorrectmailorigin2 ( ^Qbeforesendingamessage.2 ^ JaO :HOST-FOR-BUG-REPORTSOhost2 J2 J2 J  KQO ThisoptionspReci esthenameofaOhostO tosendbugreportsto.This2 K QoptionisusedbRythebugmailinterfacesinO ZMailO ,theerror-handler2  7QcommandO CTRL-MO ,andtheO (bug)O function.2 7 QThespReci edOhostO shouldbeamachinecapableofacceptingand2  8Qforw~ardingmail.&ARmaildestinationcalledO BUG-LISPMO shouldbe2 8 nQestablishedonthehostforgeneralLISPmachinebugmail.2 n 9QExample:O :host-for-bug-reportsO "O MEGA-VzAXO "2 9 KO9.4*UpdatingSiteFiles2 2  raO ThissectiondoRcumentstheprocedureforpreparingandupdatingsite lesfor2 r (ausewithRelease4.Thegoalofthissectionistoassistthesitemanagerwith2 ( ^apreparing new site les.The goal is to save a band with updated site information2 ^ aforeacRhRelease4Lambdaonyournetwork.2  qKO9.4.1#GettingStarted2 q2 q caO Itisrecommendedthatthesite lesbRemodi edandcompiledonthenetw~ork2 c a leservRer,alsoreferredtoastheO\systemhost"O .Thisisnormallythe le-server2  Oahostonwhichsystemsources,site les,etc.arestored.2 O AaIfyRouhavemultipleLambdas,youshouldchooseoneLambdatoactasthe2 A wasystemhost.Allsite lemain~tenanceshouldthenbReperformedonthatsystem.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 62RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KOnceyRouhaveaworkingsetofsite les,youcangotootherLambdahostson2 @ vKtheRnetw~orkandloadthesite lesfromthesystemhost.2 v hKThe rststepinsite lemaintenanceconsistsofestablishingthesite ledirec-2 h Ktory|.2  -O2 -CO If this is the rst time yRou are creating a set of site les customized for your2 - cCnetw~ork,youshouldbeginwiththesamplesite lesproRvidedbyGigaMos2 c ContheO\Release4LISPOptions"O tape.'Restorethesite lesandcopy2  OCtheO "O RELEASE-4.CUSTOMER-SITE;O "O directorytoadirectoryofyRourown2 O Cchoosing.2  LO2 LCO If yRou are upgrading from Release 3,and you already have a customized set2 L Cof site les, and yRou plan to upgrade all Lambdas to Release 4, then you can2  8CwRorkwithyourexistingsite les.If,however,youwillneedtoalternate2 8 mCbet~weenRelease3andRelease4,yRoumayneedtocopyyourexisting2 m #Csite ledirectorytoanewloRcation. Asdocumentedearlier(seeSection2 # YC7.2), Release 4 TCP/IP requires signi canRt (and incompatible) changes All2 Y CtherestrictionsdoRcumentedbelowapplyonlytoTCP/IPwithrespectto2  ECRelease3site les.2 E DKOnceyRouhavechosen(and,optionally|,copied)yoursite ledirectory|,you2 D zKestablishitscurrenRtlocationbyrede ningthelogicalpathnameO "O SYS:SITE;O "O .2 z 0KThispathnameisestablishedinoneoftw~ow~ays:2 0 ?~1.2 ?CThefunctionO si:set-sys-hostO (seepage63)isusedtode neO "O SYS:SITE;O "2 ? uCO temp}or}arilyO ,thatRis,dynamicallyinLISP|.Thisisthefunctiontousethe2 u +C rsttimeyRoubootaLambdaonabandthatcontainswhollyinaccurate2 + aCand/orirrelev}anRtnetworkinformation.F|orexample,whenyou rstboot2 a Cwiththe\v}anilla"Release4band,theLISPwRorldwillnotcontainyour2  MCsiteinformation.Y|oushoulduseO si:set-sys-hostO topoin~ttothedirectory2 M CthatconRtains,OorthatwillcontainO ,yoursite les.2  ICWhenyRou rstprepareyourownsite les,youcallO si:set-sys-hostO toget2 I Cstarted;thenyRoueditandcompilethesite les.Lateryoucanbooteach2  5CotherLambRda,callO si:set-sys-hostO topoinRttoyournewsite les,andload2 5 kCthemtoacquiretheupdatedinformation.2 k 2~2.2 2CThe\permanent"de nitionofthelogicalhost\SYS"andO "O SYS:SITE;O "O is2 2 gCenRteredinO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O .#This lemustcontainacalltothe2 g CfunctionO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostO (seebeloRw)whichde nesthelogical2  SC\SYS"Rhost.Thisde nitiongetsloadedintoLISPwhenevReryouloadthe2 S Ccurrentsetofsite les.2 2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR632 O2 O2  w @KO9.4.1.1"SettingtheSYSTEMHOSTinLISP2 @2 @ 2aO ThefunctionO si:set-sys-hostO isusedtoestablishthesystemhostandsite le2 2 hadirectorytemporarily:2 h s-F|unction2 s2 saO si:set-sys-hostOhost-name&optionalsystem-t~ypehost-2 s )1addresssite- le-directory2 ) _vO SpRecifythehostfromwhichtoreadsystem les.$Whenpointingtoa2 _ vremoteLamRbda,thisfunctionmakesanetworkconnectiontocon rm2  Kvtheinformationpro~vided.2 K =vTheargumenRtsareasfollows:2 = LvOhost-name2 L2 L2 L fO Astringspecifyingthenameofthesystemhost.T|oindicate2  8fthe local macRhine (the one that you are working on), use O "O LMO "O .2 8 ~vOsystem-type2 ~2 ~2 ~ 4fO OpReratingsystemtypeofthesystemhost(seeSection9.2.5,2 4 jfHostMacRhine/SystemTypes).O NILO meansthatthesystem2 j  ftRypeofthehostindicatedbyOhost-nameO shouldbeused;this2  VfwRorksonlyiftheOhost-nameO isknowntothecurrentlyloaded2 V  fhostinformation.2  SvOhost-address2 S2 S2 S  fO TheChaos orInternetaddressof the system host.An octal or2  ?fdecimalRn~um~ber(e.g.,O #o3741O )isparsedasaChaosaddress;2 ? ufastring(e.g.,O "O 101.0.0.1O "O )isparsedasanIn~ternetaddress.2 u +fO NILO meansthatthehostaddressofOhost-nameO shouldbeused;2 + aflikeROsystem-typeO ,thisworksonlyiftheOhost-nameO iskno~wnto2 a fthecurrentlyloadedhostinformation.2  ]vOsite- le-directory2 ]2 ]2 ] fO AstringspRecifyingtheO namestringO ofthedirectorytobeused2  IfasthetranslationforO "O SYS:SITE;O "O whicRhpointstothesite2 I f les.ThisstringisusedaspartoftheOtranslationsO listpassed2  5fasanargumenttoO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostO (seepage64).2 5 3vNormally|,alltheargumenRtsmustbRefullyspeci ed.How~ev~er,itissome-2 3 ivtimespRossibletospecifyO NILO forOsystem-typeO and/orOhost-addressO .This2 i vwRorksonlyifthesystemhostwiththenameOhost-nameO isalreadyknown2  UvinthecurrenRtlyloadedsiteinformation,andifthenetworkaddressfor2 U vOhost-nameO isaccurate.Asaspecialcase,yRoumayspRecifybothOsystem-2 AvtRype O and Ohost-address O as O NIL O when you designate O "O LMO " O as the Ohost-nameO ,2 A wvtoindicatethatthelocalhostisthesystemhost.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 64RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KHerearesomeexamples:2 @ l%O;;;Pointtothelocalmachineanddefaultsitefiledirectory:2 l P%(si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil,"release-4.customer-site;")2 P 4%;;;PointtoaremoteChaosnethostandcustomsitedirectory:2 4 %(si:set-sys-host"myhost":lispm#o3430"our-site;")2  {%;;;PointtoaremoteTCPhostandcustomsite(sub)directory:2 { ^%(si:set-sys-host"myhost":lispm"101.0.0.101""our-site.release-4;")2 ^ B%;;;Pointtoaknownhost,specifyingjustthesitedirectory:2 B &%(si:set-sys-host"ahost"nilnil"our-site;")2 & VKO SevReralexamplesofO si:set-sys-hostO aregivenincontextwiththeprocedures2 V  Kbelow.2  n5O9.4.1.2"SettingtheSYSTEMHOSTinSYS.TRANSLA{TIONS2 n2 n `KO The function O fs:set-logical-pathname-host O is used within O "O SYS.TRANSLA{TIONSO "2 ` KO toestablishthelogicaltranslationsforO "O SYS:SITE;O "O :2  ,F|unction2 ,2 ,KO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostOlogical-host&kReyphysical-2 , bhosttranslations2 b `O De nealogicalhostnamedOlogical-hostO ,whicRhtranslatestoOphysical-2  N`hostO .2 N @`OtranslationsO isalistoftranslationstouse:eacRhelementlookslike:2 @ 2`(logical-patternph~ysical-pattern)2 2 $`whereeac~hpatternisa lenamestringwithwildcards.Omittedcompo-2 $ Z`nentsdefaultto*(:WILD).2 Z oKTheOtranslationsO namestringforaLambRdadirectorycanbespeci edineither2 o %KofRtw~ow~ays:2 %2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR652 O2 O2  w @1.2 @YEnclosedinless-thanandgreater-thanc~haracters,forexample:O ""O orO ""2 v =O 2.2 =YWiththeusualsemi-colonsux,forexample:+O "O directory;O "O orO "O direc-2 = sYtory|.subdirectory;O "2 s qaO Thedistributedexample leO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O illustratesthepropersyn-2 q 'ataxforO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostO .SeeFigure16,Rpage65,foralistingofthe2 ' ]afullexample.2 ] VK AS )pO;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Package:USER;Base:10;Readtable:CL;Fonts:(CPTFONTB)} ) [p-*-} [ ?p;;;DefinesthetranslationsfortheSYSlogicalhost.+Otherlogicalhosts} ? qp;;;canbedefinedthesameway.} q Tp(fs:set-logical-pathname-host"SYS"} T :physical-host"LAMA";theactualcomputerwherethesourcesarestored.}  8;;Alistofpairs,whichmatchcomponentsoflogicalpathnameand} 8 j;;translatethemtophysicalpathnames.} j :translations'(("CHAOS;""")}  Mx("SITE;""")} M x("*;*;*;""")}  1x("*;*;""")} 1 cx("*;""")))} c ; O Figure16.O ExampleofSYS.TRANSLA{TIONS} ; VAS2 V zaNotethatO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostO canbeusedelsewheretode neotherlog-2 z 0aicalpathnamehosts.#AtRypicalusageistocreatelogicalpathnamesforyour2 0 faownRsoftw~aresystemhierarc~hies.F|orexample:2 f ;O (fs:set-logical-pathname-host2  Do"PROGRAMS"2 D vo:physical-host"MASTER"2 v (o:translations'(("CODE;"4"PROGRAMS.PROGRAMS-CODE;")2 ( Y("TESTS;""PROGRAMS.CURRENT-TESTS;")2 Y ("FILES;""PROGRAMS;")2 =("*;""PROGRAMS.*;")2 = o("*;*;"N"PROGRAMS.*;*")2 o !("*;*;*;""PROGRAMS.*.*.;")))2 !2 w [[U2  O5O 66RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O9.4.2#UsingtheSampleSiteFiles2 @2 @ 2KO IfyRouareinstallingRelease4softwareonyour rstLambdasystem,youwill2 2 hKneed tostart with theset of samplesite les proRvided with Release 4.F{ollowthe2 h KproRcedureforrestoringtheoptionstapedocumenRtedintheOLambda4.0LISP2  TKReleaseNotesO .2 T FKThen,Rworkingonthesystemhost,tempRorarilyde neO "O SYS:SITE;O "O topoin~tto2 F |Kthesamplesite les:2 | (%O (si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil5"release-4.customer-site;")2 ( 'KO ARtthispointyoushouldproceedtothestepinSection9.4.4,V|erifyingAccess2 ' \KtoSiteFiles,belo~w.2 \ 5O9.4.3#UsingPreviouslyEstablishedSiteFiles2 2  KO IfyRoualreadyhaveasetofsite lesforyournetwork,whenyoubootwiththe2  FKRelease4distributionbandyRoumustrede neO "O SYS:SITE;O "O topointtoyoursite2 F |K ledirectory|.2 | nKIfyoursite lesareloRcatedonthelocalmacRhine,executethefollowing:2 n %O (si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil"directory-name;")2  KO whereO directory-name;O shouldbe lledinwiththeactualnameofyoursite le2  NKdirectory|.2 N @KO BesurR}etorememberO thesemi-coloninthedirectoryspeci cation,anddonot2 @ vKincludeahostpre x.2 v hKIfthesite lesareloRcatedonanotherLambdaChaosnethost,youcanpoint2 h Ktothemremotely|.F|orexample,assumeyRoursystemhostisaLambdanamed2  TKO MYHOSTO withChaosaddress3430(octal).ItconRtainsworkingsite lesinthe2 T KdirectoryO "O OUR-SITE;O "O Y|ouwRouldexecutethefollowingtopointtothesesite2 @K les:2 @ l%O (si:set-sys-host"myhost":lispm#o3430"our-site;")2 l2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR672 O2 O2  w @KO9.4.4#VzerifyingAccesstoSiteFiles2 @2 @ 2aO OnceyRouhavepointedtoasetofsite les,verifythatyoucanaccessthem2 2 haproperly:2 h ;O (listf"sys:site;")2  Fo:2 F xo:2 x *;#2 * }KO9.4.5#Cop~yingSiteFilestoaNewDirectory2 }2 } oaO ARtthispointintheupRdateprocedure,yRoumaywishtocopyO "O SYS:SITE;O "O toa2 o %anewdirectoryonthesystemhost.2 % aIfyRouplantomaintainRelease3onyournetworkforanyreason,youshould2  MacopRy the working site les to a new directory which will bRe speci cally for Release2 M a4site les.2  uaIfyRouhaverestoredtheexamplesite les,youshouldcopythemtocreateyour2 u +aownsite ledirectory|.2 + aT|ofollowthispartoftheprocedure,O makesurR}eyouareworkingonthesystem2  SahostO .Allexamplesbelowarebasedonthisassumption.2 S EaY|oushouldselectanameforyRournewsite ledirectorywhichwillclearly2 E {aindicate itspurpose.Itiscon~ventionaltoformthedirectorynamebRy combining2 { 1aashortnameforyourorganizationwiththesuxO "O -SITEO "O .2 1 #aIf,forRexample,youw~anttoestablishthesiteleveldirectoryO "O OUR-SITE;O "O y~ou2 # YawRouldexecutethefollowing:2 Y ;O ;;Tocopytheexampleoroldsitefiles:2  h;(fs:copy-directory"sys:site;*.*#>""lm:our-site;")2 h L;;;Topointtothenewsitefiledirectory:2 L 0;(si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil"our-site;")2 0 ;;;Toverifythatyoucanaccessthenewdirectory:2  w;(listf"sys:site;")2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 68RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KY|ouarenoRwreadytocustomizeyoursite lesforRelease4asdescribedearlier2 @ vKinthischapter.2 v -5O9.4.6#EditingSiteFiles2 -2 - KO Themostdirectw~aytomakRechangestoyoursite lesistoeditthe lesdirectly2  UKwithZMacs.Y|oucanusethedirectoryeditortoobtainalistingofthesite le2 U  Kdirectorybyexecuting2  7%O (dired"sys:site;*.*#>")2 7 5KO Figure17,page68illustratesaDIREDdisplayforthesamplesite les.2 5 5 tAS pODJ:RELEASE-4.CUSTOMER-SITE;*.*#>g  1pFree=28872,Reserved=579,Used=167549(38pagesusedinRELEASE-4.CUSTOMER-g 1 cpSITE;)g c sHOSTS.TEXTm#1B4B3682(8)03/19/8623:06:50DPWg  FsHSTTBL.LISPX#1B4B3204(8)04/13/8620:59:43Ddgg F xsHSTTBL.QFASLB#1B3B1448(16)m04/13/8621:00:44Ddgg x *sLMLOCS.LISPX#1B3B2372(8)03/19/8623:13:15DPWg * \sLMLOCS.QFASLB#1B2X516(16)m04/13/8621:00:34Ddgg \ sSITE.LISP#3B3B2199(8),!A07/29/8806:54:23DRGg  ?sSITE.QFASLm#3B2X706(16)R!A07/29/8806:54:55DRGg ? qsSYS.TRANSLATIONSR#1A1W566(8)W03/19/8623:22:18DPWg q jCO Figure17.O DIREDdispla~yonsamplesite ledirectoryg j AS2  'KT|oeditaparticular le,pRositionthecursorontheassociateddisplaylineand2 ' ]KpressO\E"O .MakReyourchangestoeach leasdescribedearlierinthischapter.2 ] KBesuretosa~v~eReac~h lewithO CTRL-XCTRL-SO .ReturntotheDireddisplayby2  IKpressingO CTRL-META-LO .2 I ;KAlternativRely|,theSiteEditorprogram(providedontheO\Release4LISPOp-2 ; qKtions" O tapRe) can be used to maintain the site les.The Site Editor is documented2 q 'KintheORelease3.0SiteEditorManualO .2 ' KIfyouareupRdatingasetofRelease3site les,besuretoreviewFigure5,2  OKpage18,forac~heck-listofcRhangesthatmustbemade.2 O AKHere is a summary of the kinds of changes that are usually required to customize2 A wKsite lesforaparticularnetw~ork:2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR692 O2 O2  w @&O2 @YO Add/delete/modify hosts (names, addresses, attributes) in O "O HOSTS.TEXTO "2 @ &O2 YO Add/delete/modifyglobalsiteoptionsinO "O SITE.LISPO "2  M&O2 MYO Add/delete/moRdify LISP machine locations and options in O "O LMLOCS.LISPO "2 M &O2 YO MoRdifythede nitionoftheO "O SYSO "O logicalhostandtranslationstopoint2  JYtoyRourownsite ledirectoryandtheRelease4sourcedirectories.2 J KO9.4.7#RecompilingSiteFiles2 2  taO AftereditingandsaRvingyoursite les,theymustberecompiled.T|orecompile2 t *aallthe les,execute:2 * V;O (make-system'site:recompile2 V :noconfirm2  ::no-reload-system-declaration)2 : 8aO Later,ifyRoumakefurtherchangesinjustoneortwo les,youcancompile2 8 naonlythemodi ed lesbyusingtheoptionO :compileO insteadofO :recompileO .!F{or2 n $aexample:2 $ Q;O (make-system'site:compile2 Q :noconfirm2  4:no-reload-system-declaration)2 4 mKO9.4.8#UpdatingSiteCon gurationInformation2 m2 m _aO Bydefault,O (makRe-system'site)O loadsthesite les.Butyoumayloadthemat2 _ aanRytimebyexecuting:2  A;O (update-site-configuration-info)2 A L-O F|unction2 L2 LaO update-site-con guration-info2 L vO LoadsthecurrenRtsite les(asspeci edbythecurrenttranslationfor2  7vO "O SYS:SITE;O "O )inRtotherunningLISPenvironment.2 72 w [[U2  O5O 70RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O9.5*UpdatingSiteFiles-Summary2 @2 @ 2KO BeginbRyestablishingthelogical\SYS"hostwhereyourinitialsite lesare2 2 hKlocated.Thesite lesyRouuseinitiallyareeitheryourexistingcustom les,or2 h Ktheexamplesite lesrestoredfromtheO\Release4LISPOptions"O distribution2  TKtape.UseO si:set-sys-hostO (seepage63).2 T FKY|oumaRyneedtocopytheoldsite lestoyourowndirectory|,andthenuse2 F |KO si:set-sys-hostO topoin~ttothenewdirectory|.(SeeSection9.4.5.)2 | nKUseZMacsortheSiteEditortomakRethedesiredchanges{addhosts,printers,2 n $Kandothersiteoptions.(Seetheearlysectionsofthisc~hapterforinformationon2 $ ZKsite leen~tries.)2 Z LKExecutethefollo~wingtoprocessthesite les:2 L x%O (make-system'site:recompile2 x *y:noconfirm2 * \y:no-reload-system-declaration)2 \ ZKO ThistranslatesO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O andcompilesO "O HSTTBL.LISPO "O ,O "O SITE.LISPO "O ,2 Z KandO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O .RItthenloadsthecorrespondingO "O .QF{ASLO "O les.Thenit2  FKloadsRO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O .Finally|,itperformsv}arioussiteinitializations.2 F 8KEvRerytimeyouchangeanyofthesourcesite les,youshouldexecuteO (make-2 8 nKsystem 'site) O with either the O :compile O or O :recompile O keyword.WhenR y~oujustw~ant2 n $Ktoloadsiteinformation,runO (update-site-con guration-info)O .2 $ KThefolloRwingisanexampleofhowtorecompile,load,andtestupdatedsite2  LK les:2 L x%O ;;Recompileandloadsitefiles:2 x *?(make-system'site:recompile2 * [:noconfirm2 [ :no-reload-system-declaration)2 ??GeneratinghosttablefromSYS:CHAOS;HOSTSTEXT>2 ? q?CompilingSYS:SITE;SITELISP>2 q #?CompilingSYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISP>2 # U?CompilingSYS:SITE;HSTTBLLISP>2 U 8%;;MakesureSYS.TRANSLATIONSpointstotherightsitefiles!2 8 j?(listf"sys:site;")2 j Y:2 2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR712 O2 O2  w @;O ;;MakesureyoucancontactallavailableChaoshosts:2 @ rU(hostat)2 r $USiteNName/StatusSubnet...2 $ VU3701NOurLambda4...2 V o:2  k;;;TrycontactingaremoteTCPhost-askforanechofeedback:2 k U(icmp:ping'myvax:echo"testing")2  OU62 O U("testing")2  +KO9.5.1#Sa~vingaBandwithSiteInformation2 +2 + aO OnceyRouaresatis edthatyournewsite lesarecompletelyaccurate,you2  SashouldRsaveanewRelease4bandwithv}alidsiteinformation.Y|oushouldalso2 S  asa~ve an up-to-date band on evRery Lambda on your network.Then, every Lambda2  ?aproRcessorwillbeabletobootwithup-to-datesiteinformation.2 ? 1aTheproRcedureinthenextsectionbeloRwexplainshowtosaveanupdatedband;2 1 gayRoushouldalwaysdothisonthesystemhost.2 g YaOnanet~workwithmRultipleLambdas,youmayuseeitheroftwoalternative2 Y aproRceduresforpropagatingtheupdatedbandtoothersystems:2  <1.2 <YCopRytheupdatedbandandcurrentmicrocodetoeachsystem;or2 < !2.2 !YSa~veanupdatedbandoneacRhmachineseparately{.2 ! aThisisanimportanRtchoicefortheLambdasystemadministrator.Ifitisim-2  UaportanRttohaveallusersworkingwiththesamesoftware,itisprobablyeasier2 U atomainRtainjustoneloadbandandcopyiteachtimeitchanges;thisprovidesa2 AacentralRpoin~tofcontrolandensuresconsistencyamongtheLambdas.How~ev~er,2 A waifthesoftw~areon evRery systemismaintainedseparately|,and/orv}arioussystems2 w -aneeddi erenRtcustomizedoroptionalsoftware,itmaybeeasiertocustomizea2 - cabandforeacRhmachine.2 c UaUsetheproRcedureinSection9.5.1.1,bothforcreatingamasterband,andif2 U ayouareupRdatingbandsseparately|,toupdatetheothersystems.Theprocedure2 AainSection9.5.1.2describeshoRwtocopyamasterbandandmicrocodefromthe2 A wasystemhosttoaremotesystem.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 72RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w zK A> y qA `~! O Note:%O ifyRouareupgradingfromRelease3toRelease4,andifyouare  ;runningTCP/IP(butnotChaosnet)ontheRelease3systems,yRoumayneed ; qtouseaspRecialproceduretocopyloadbandsforthe rsttime.SeeSection q '7.2.4,DISKServRer,forinformationoncommunicatingbetweenRelease3and ' ]Release3DISKservers. ] q,A `~! } q zA> y2 z2 z2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR732 O2 O2  w @KO9.5.1.1"Sa~v~eanUpdatedBandtoDisk2 @2 @ 2aO First,RboottheLambdawithRelease4.2 2 ra ~A> y iA k~ sO Don{'tpr~essthatOh| RA s vO SYSTEM1 s1 s A1 s1 s5 sOiO key."O Y|oushouldnotbringupanRywindows{not s )evRentheeditor{whenyouaresavingabandtodisk;windowswilladd ) _substanRtiallytothesizeofthesavedband,andthereforetothetimerequired _ toRbootthesystem.'Alltheworkofdisk-sa~vingshouldbedonefromthe  KinitialLispListenerwindow. K i,A k~ i rA> y2 r2 r caLoginwithoutloadingy~ourO LISPM.INITO initialization le.F{orexample:2 c ;O (login'sitemanager"LM"t)2  aO Next,runO si:set-sys-hostO asbReforetopointtothenewO "O SYS:SITE;O "O directory|.2  DaHerearetheexamplesagain:2 D R&O2 RYO (si:set-sys-hostO "O lmO "O nilnilO "O our-site;O "O )O -pRoin~tstositedirectoryonlocal2 R Ymac~hine2  M&O2 MYO (si:set-sys-hostO "O myhostO "O :lispm#o3430O "O our-site;O "O )O -pointstositedirec-2 M YtoryonremoteChaosnethost2  I&O2 IYO (si:set-sys-hostO "O myhostO "O :lispmO "O 101.0.0.10O ""O our-site;O "O )O -poin~tstosite2 I YdirectoryonremoteTCPhost2  }aNext,runO (update-site-con guration-info)O toreloadthenewsite lesintothe2 } 3afreshly-bootedLISPworld.2 3 a A> y }A ~ sO Note:O IfyRouwanttoinstallRelease4softwareoptions,thisisthetimeto s )doit.SeetheOLambda4.0LISPReleaseNotesO forinformationoninstalling ) _optionalsoftw~are. _ },A ~ } A> y2 2  waBeforeyRousavearunningLISPworldtodisk,selectaLODbandtooverwrite.2 w -aExecuteO (print-disk-label)O toseealistoftheexistingdiskpartitions.Thenex-2 - caecutetheLISPRcommandO disk-saveO ,pro~vidingthenameofanotherLODband.2 c aWhenprompted,con rmthatthespeci edbandistheoneyRouwanttoover-2  Oawrite.2 O AaThefolloRwingisanexamplesessionthatillustratesO disk-saveO .*Userinputis2 A wadispla~yedO initalicsO .2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 74RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w r%O (disk-save'lo~d2)2 r $%O DoyoureallywanttoclobberpartitionLOD2onunit0()?(Yes2 $ V%orNo)O yes2 V %O Thisisnow:2  9Y:2 9 k%Additionalcommentforherald:O 7/15/88site2 k O%O Beginningshutdowninitializations...2 O Y:2  2%DoyouwishtoloadLAMsymbolsforLambda?(YorN)...O Y2 2 dYO :2 d %Flippinglevel2nowwillresultinbetterpaging...2  H%Flipleveltwo?O YES2 H zYO :2 z +Y:OsystemRrebootsonnewband2 + ]YO :2 ] %ReadingattoplevelinLispListener1.2  A%Readinginbase10inpackageUSERwithstandardZetalispreadtable.2 A qKO AfterRLISP rebootsonthenewband,youwillwanttospecifythatthenewband2 q 'KbReusedwhenbootinginthefuture.2 ' KF{orexample,ifyRoudisk-savedtothebandLOD2,youwouldexecute:2  E%O (set-current-band'lod2)2 E s5O9.5.1.2"CopR~yinganUpdatedBandOvertheNetwork2 s2 s eKO UsethefunctionO si:copRy-disk-partitionO (seepage95)tocopyanupdatedmaster2 e KbandandcurrenRtmicrocodefromthesystemhosttootherremoteLambda2  QKhosts.2 Q CKF{orexample,Rworkingonthesystemhost,yRoucouldcopytheupdatedRelease2 C yK4bandinpartition\LOD1"andtheRelease4microcodein\LMC1"tothe2 y /KremotehostO ANOTHERO asfollo~ws:2 / [%O (si:copy-disk-partition0'lod1"another"'lod1)2 [ %(si:copy-disk-partition0'lmc1"another"'lmc1)2 KO MakRe sure you select partitions on the other hosts that may be safely overwritten.2 AKItisoftenagoodideatomakReabackupofexistingbandsbeforeoverwriting2 A wKthemwithnewsoftware.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR752 O2 O2  w @aBesuretorunO set-current-bandO oneacRhsystemtomakethenewbandand2 @ vamicrocodecurrent.2 v2 w [[U2  O5O 76RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR772 O2 O2  w  s;O102 s IeOperating!Procedures2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterdocumentsthenetworkingsoftwareopReratingprocedures.$Both2  5asystemmanagemen~tanduserproceduresareincludedhere.2 5 |KO10.1)SummaryofFRyunctionsandVariables2 |2 | naO The folloRwing table lists the most frequently used functions and programs related2 n $atoRnetw~orkcon guration,diagnostics,protocolselection,andinterface.These2 $ Yaitemsarediscussedindetailinthefollowingsections.2 Y EBOName2 E2 E0Type2 E2 E2 E 1BCon guration:2 12 12 1 BO net:con gure2 2 0function2 2 2  SBnet:decon gure2 S2 S0function2 S2 S2 S  Bsi:don~t-use-3com2  2  0v~ariable2  2  2  ?Bsi:don~t-use-excelan2 ?2 ?0v~ariable2 ?2 ?2 ? uBsi:set-processor-owning-ethernet2 u2 u0function2 u2 u2 u +Btcpa:*netw~ork-services*2 +2 +0v~ariable2 +2 +2 + aBtcpa:*udp-rwho-server-enabled*2 a2 a0v~ariable2 a2 a2 a Btcpa:disable-all-net~work-services2 2 0function2 2 2  MBtcpa:disable-one-net~work-service2 M2 M0function2 M2 M2 M Btcpa:enable-all-netw~ork-services2 2 0function2 2 2  9Btcpa:enable-one-network-service2 92 90function2 92 92 9 oBtcpa:set-imagen-print-options2 o2 o0function2 o2 o2 o2 w [[U2  O5O 78RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @,ODiagnostics:2 @2 @2 @ ,,O arp:addr-stat2 ,2 ,function2 ,2 ,2 , b,ethernet:exos-stats2 b2 bfunction2 b2 b2 b ,ethernet:netsp~y2 2 function2 2 2  N, nger2 N2 Nfunction2 N2 N2 N ,global:peek2 2 function2 2 2  :,icmp:ping2 :2 :function2 :2 :2 : p,ip:list-route-table2 p2 pfunction2 p2 p2 p &,net:print-int-pkt-status2 &2 &function2 &2 &2 & ,OProtocolselection:2 2 2  ~,O fs:reset- le-access2 ~2 ~function2 ~2 ~2 ~ 4,net:*netw~ork-protocols*2 42 4v~ariable2 42 42 4 j,net:with-tcp-favored2 j2 jmacro2 j2 j2 j V,OIn~terfaces:2 V2 V2 V B,O ftp:ftp2 B2 Bfunction2 B2 B2 B x,global:mail2 x2 xfunction2 x2 x2 x -,global:supdup2 -2 -function2 -2 -2 - c,kermit:telnet-h192 c2 cfunction2 c2 c2 c ,tcpa:ruptime2 2 function2 2 2  O,tcpa:rwho2 O2 Ofunction2 O2 O2 O ,telnet:telnet2 2 function2 2 2  ;,telnet:telnet-glass-tt~y2 ;2 ;function2 ;2 ;2 ; -KNet~workapplicationinRterfacessuchasO T|elnetO aredocumentedinsubsequent2 - cKchapters.GenericRin~terfacesaredescribedinChapter11.2 c UKFigure6,Rpage20,liststheLISPpacRk}agesthatcontainthenetworkingsoftware.2 U 5O10.2)Net~w~orkingFyunctions2 2  KO Thissectiondiscussesproceduresfornetw~orkRcon guration,diagnosis,andcon-2  DKtrol.2 D 5O10.2.1"Net~w~orkingCon gurationFzunctions2 2  w510.2.1.1#Net~w~orkStart-UpandSh~ut-Do~wn2 w2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR792 O2 O2  w \ -F|unction2 2 aO net:con gure2  6vO (Re)startRnet~workprocessesandprotocols.2 62 \ 0 W-F|unction2 W2 WaO net:decon gure2 W  vO Sh~utRdo~wnnet~workprocessesandprotocols.2  2 0 "aO net:con gure O tells the loRcal processor to use the currenRtly av}ailable set of network2 " Xaboardsandsiteinformation.BothO net:con gureO andO net:decon gureO resetTCP2 X aandUDPconnections,butnotChaosconnections.2  -F|unction2 2 aO chaos:resetO&optionalenable-p2  IvO T|urno andreinitializetheChaosnetsoftw~are.2 I vThismaRyunwedgeitifitisnotworkingproperly|.2  qvThiswillcauseallofyRourcurrentlyopRenconnectionstobeshRutdown.2 q cvSpecifyanon-NILOenable-pO to(re)enableChaosnetafterresettingthe2 c vsoft~ware.-Otherwise,y~oucancallO chaos:enable1O toturnChaosneton2  Ovagain;man~yRuser-levelfunctionsthatusethenetworkwilldothatfor2 O vy~ou.2   aTheuseofO chaos:resetO forresettingthenet~workisobsoleteformostpurposes,2  @abutitisstillav}ailableforresettingChaosconnections.2 @ E-F|unction2 E2 EaO si:set-processor-o~wning-ethernetO&optional(operation2 E {1: nd)(board:all)2 { 1vO ChangewhicRhprocessorcontrolstheEthernetboards.2 1 =@-2 =nIfthereisnoethernetboard,makResurethismachineknowsnotto2 = snuseit.2 s 7@-2 7nIftheargumenRtis:FIND(thedefault) gureoutwhoownsthe2 7 mnboardsowRecansendpacketstoit.Ifnoonecurrentlyownsit,we2 m #nallocateit.2 # f@-2 fnIftheargumenRtis:T|AKEorT,thenstealitfromtheowner.2 f *@-2 *nIftheargumentis:GIVE-UPorNIL,thendeallocateitsosomeone2 * `nelsecanha~v~eit.2 ` w aIfyRouuseO si:set-processor-owning-ethernetO toreassignbRoardallocation,callit2  Paafterdecon guringandbeforerecon guring,asfollows:2 P |;O (net:deconfigure)2 | .;(si:set-processor-owning-ethernet...)2 . _;(net:configure)2 _2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 80RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KIfyRoureassignboards,youmustpRerformthisprocedureonOallO theprocessorsin2 @ vKthechassis.2 v ,5O10.2.1.2#ProtocolSelection2 ,2 , 6MO Macro2 62 6KO net:with-tcp-fav~oredO&bodybody2 6 l`O ExecuteaObodyO ofcoRdeusinganet~workprotocolorderingthatfavors2 l "`O :INTERNETO .2 " `F|orexample:2  @:O (net:with-tcp-favored2 @ ro(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod2"it"'lod3))2 r |MO Macro2 |2 |KO fs:with-ftp-access-onlyO&restbody2 | 2`O ExecuteaObodyO ofcodewithonlyTCP/FTPaccesspathsde ned.Y{ou2 2 h`shouldcallO fs:reset- le-accessO beforecallingthis.2 h qF|unction2 q2 qKO fs:reset- le-accessO&optionalhosts av~or2 q '`O ResetknoRwn leaccesspathmethodsforeachnetworkhost,orjustfor2 ' ]`speci edOhostsO .2 ] O`The pRer-host access path list is initialized to O NILO , unless O avor O is speci ed,2 O `inwhicRhcaseitisusedastheinitialaccess avor.Appropriate avors2  ;`are:2 ; J*-2 JXO fs:ftp-accessO (forTCP/FTPhosts)2 J *-2 XO fs:q le-accessO (forChaosnethosts)2  V*-2 VXO fs:lispm-q le-accessO (forChaosnetLISPmachinehosts)2 V _KAsRnet~work le-systemfunctionscomm~unicatewithremotehosts,thenames2 _ Kofappropriateaccess av~orareassoRciatedwiththecorrespondinghostobjects.2  KKO fs:reset- le-accessO causestheseaccess avorstobe\forgotten";thisisuseful,2 K Kforexample,RinconjunctionwithO fs:with-ftp-access-onlyO ,whereitisdesirableto2  7Kforcetheuseofaparticularaccessmethod.2 7 m5O10.2.1.3#EnablingTCPServices2 m2 m wO F|unction2 w2 wKO tcpa:disable-all-net~w~ork-services2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR812 O2 O2  w @-F|unction2 @2 @aO tcpa:disable-one-net~work-serviceOservice2 @ v-O F|unction2 v2 vaO tcpa:enable-all-netw~ork-servicesO&optionalalso-do-non-2 v ,1auto-enable?2 , b-O F|unction2 b2 baO tcpa:enable-one-net~work-serviceOservice2 b vO Disableall,oronespeci c,netw~orkservice.2  Nv(Re)enableall,oronespeci c,net~workservice.2 N @vThev}arianRtsthattakeaOserviceO argumentexpectoneofthev}ariables2 @ vvcorrespRondingtospeci cservices.Thenamesofthesev}ariablesarecon-2 v ,vtainedinthelistO tcpa:*network-services*O (seepage85).2 , eKO10.2.1.4#EnablingChaosnetServices2 e2 e p-O F|unction2 p2 paO si:enable-servicesO&restservices2 p &-O F|unction2 &2 &aO si:disable-servicesO&restservices2 & \vO AlloRwtheLambdatoprovideorrefuse(Chaosnet)services.TheOservices2 \ vO argumenRtiscurrentlyignored(allservicesarea ected),butisprovided2  Hvforfutureenhancements.2 H SaThefunctionsO si:enable-servicesO andO si:disable-servicesO eachrunacorresponding2 S  ainitializationlist:2  8V|ariable2 2 aO si:enable-services-initialization-list2  J8O V|ariable2 J2 JaO si:disable-services-initialization-list2 J aO Net~workmanagersmaRyaddfunctionstotheselistsbyusingthefunctionO add-2  OainitializationsO .Notethatthesystemneitherenablesnordisablesservicesunder2 O aautomaticconRtrol;thesefunctionsmustbeexecutedmanuallyorasprovidedby2  ;asystemmanagemen~t.2 ; tKO10.2.2"Net~w~orkingDiagnosticF{unctions2 t2 t -O F|unction2 2 aO hostatO&resthosts2  5vO Prin~tsstatusinformationfromthespeci edChaosnetOhostsO .IfnoOhosts2 5 kvO arespReci ed,allkno~wnhostsarepolled.2 k ]vTheinformationprinRtedincludeseachhost'saddress,prettyname,and2 ] vtheRnum~berofpacketsinputandoutputfrom/tothathost.2  vHostsmaybRespeci edbynameorChaosaddress.2  wvExamples:2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 82RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w r:O (hostat)2 r $:(hostat'lama'lamb)2 $ V:(hostat#o3430)2 V T`O Hostatcanalsobeinvok~edfromPReek,orbytypingOh| 4AU T WO TERMINAL T T aAU T T TNOiO HO .2 T ZF|unction2 Z2 ZKO tcpa:ruptime2 Z O F|unction2 2 KO tcpa:rwho2  E`O TheseRt~wofunctionsreportthestatusofInternethostsbroadcastingin2 E {`accordancewiththeO rwhoO /O ruptimeO protocol.2 { m`F|oreacRhhost,O ruptimeO listshowlongithasbeenup(\uptime").Some2 m #`O ruptimeO servRersalsoreportthenumberofusersthatareloggedin.Some2 # Y`servRersalsoreportaverageloadstatistics(suchashowmany\jobs"have2 Y `wan~tedtorun).2  `O rwhoO listsinformationonthelogged-inuser(s)ateac~hremotehost,in-2  7`cludingwhatterminaltheyareusing,Rthetimetheyloggedin,andhow2 7 m`longtheirterminalhasbeenidle.2 m sF|unction2 s2 sKO icmp:pingOhost&optional(operation:echo)(datanil)2 s )`O pingO requestsanICMPEcho,RInformationRequest,AddressMask,or2 ) _`TimestampfromaremoteInRternethost.V|alidOoperationO argumentsare,2 _ `respectiv~ely{,O :echoO ,O :infoO ,O :address-maskO ,andO :timestampO .2  `ThisfunctionpassesthespReci edOhostO anICMPrequestcorresponding2  <`toOopRerationO ,passingOdataO ifspeci ed.2 < .`O pingO returnstwov}alues."IfananswRerwasreceived,anintegerv}alueis2 . d`returnedrepresentingtherespRonsetimeinclock-ticks(60persecond).2 d `Iftheremotehostdidnotanswer,NILRisreturned.AO NILO resultcould2  P`meanoneoft~wothings:2 P ]1.2 ]XTheremotehostisnotaccessible(notconnectedtothenet~work),2 ] Xor2  V2.2 VXTheremotehostdoResnotrespondto\Ping"requests.2 V U`Thesecondv}alue(possiblyNIL)represenRtsanydatareceivedfromthe2 U `remotehost.2 }`F|orexample:2 }2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR832 O2 O2  w @PO (icmp:ping'myvax:echo"areyouthere")2 @ rP62 r $P("areyouthere")2 $ )-O F|unction2 )2 )aO net:prin~t-int-pkt-statusO&optionalprint-all2 ) _vO ThisfunctionprinRtsthestatusofpacketstobehandledatinterruptlevel2 _ vbRytheLambRdamicrocode.2  vA xedarraRyofpacketbu ersiscon guredbythesystem.Eachpacket2  =vbu eriseitheronthe\free-list"(av}ailableforuse),the\transmit-list"2 = sv(wRaitingtobetransmitted),orthe\receive-list"(receivedbutnotyet2 s )vdispatc~hed).2 ) vWithnoargumenRt,O net:print-int-pkt-statusO liststhenumberoffree,trans-2  Pvmit,andreceivRepackets.IfOprint-all O is non-NIL, thefunction displaysthe2 P vprotoRcolandstatusforeac~hallocatedpac~k~etbu er.2   -F|unction2  2  aO ethernet:exos-statsO&k~eyreset-p2  AvO ThisfunctionprinRtsExosstatisticscollectedbytheExcelanhardware2 A wvinterface.IfOreset-pO isnon-NIL,thecollectedstatisticsarereset.2 w ivExosstatisticsaresuppRortedb~ytheExcelanboardonly|.2 i n-F|unction2 n2 naO ethernet:netspyO&kReyformat-streampeek-leveltypesnot-2 n $1typessourcesdestinationss-or-d2 $ ZvO ThisfunctionloRoksatallethernetpacketsseenb~ytheExcelanboard.2 Z LvOutput is directed to Oformat-stream O unless it is O NILO , in which case a dot is2 L vPRINCedforeacRhpacket;useO 'si:null-streamO todisplaynooutputexcept2  8vEX~OS-ST|A|TS.2 8 *vOpeek-levelRO con~trolslev~elofpeekingatpack~ets:2 * 6@-2 6nIfNIL,justshoRwpackettypeandlength;2 6 y@-2 ynIfnon-NIL,alsoshowdestinationandsource;2 y =@-2 =nIf a n~um~ber O nO ,also shoRw O n O datacharactersboth as hex andas chars;2 = @-2 nIfalist,(e.g.!IPR|,UDP,TCP,dataN),interpretselectedheaders2  7nandNdatac~haracters.2 7 5vARpac~k~etwillbeselectedifitsatis estheANDofthefollo~wingspeci -2 5 kvcations:2 k w@-2 wnOtRypesO isalistofethernettypRestobeaccepted.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 84RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @*-2 @XOnot-tRypesO isalistofethernettypRestoberejected.2 @  *-2  XOsourcesO isalistofethernetsourceaddressestobeaccepted.2  V*-2 VXOdestinationsO isalistofethernetdestinationaddressestobeac-2 V  Xcepted.2  V*-2 VXOs-or-dO isalistofethernetaddressestobeacceptedeitherassource2 V  Xordestination.2   `O netspRyO runsuntilOh| jA  O ABORT%  %  A%  %  )  }OiO ispressed.PressanycharactertoseeEXOS-2  A`ST|A|TS,presscRharacter\R"toresetEXOS-ST{A|TS.2 A TF|unction2 T2 TKO ip:list-route-table2 T  `O ThisfunctiondisplaRysIProutinginformation,includingthegateways2  @`andinRterfaces,forallknownnetworks.2 @ SF|unction2 S2 SKO arp:addr-stat2 S  `O Thisfunctiondispla~ysEthernetaddresstranslations(fromChaosnetor2  ?`InRternet)foreachhost.2 ? 5O10.3)Net~w~orkRCon}trolVyariables2 2  "O V|ariable2 2 KO net:*net~w~ork-protocols*O '(:CHA~OS:INTERNET)2  Q`Thisisalistofk~eyw~ordscorrespondingtoaRv}ailablenetworkprotocols2 Q `andthepreferredorderofusage.#Bydefault,thesystemwill\prefer"2  =`ChaosnetRoverTCP/IP|.2 = /`Ingeneral,thisv}ariableshouldnotbemanipulated;!usethemacro2 / e`O net:with-tcp-favoredO (seepage80)instead.2 e W`InsomeconRtexts,manipulatingthisliste ectivelycandeterminewhat2 W `protoRcol is used, but this does not wRork with all networking functions.See2 C`O fs:reset- le-accessO (seepage80)forinformationonspecifyingTCP/FTP2 C y` leaccess.2 y "V|ariable2 2 KO si:don~t-use-3comO NIL2 B`Whenthisv~ariableisnon-NIL,callstoO si:set-processor-owning-ethernet2 B x`O (seepage79)willignore(orrelinquish)the3COMboard.2 x "V|ariable2 2 KO si:don~t-use-excelanO NIL2 A`Whenthisv~ariableisnon-NIL,callstoO si:set-processor-owning-ethernet2 A w`O willignore(orrelinquish)theExcelanboard.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR852 O2 O2  w @8V|ariable2 @2 @aO tcpa:*netw~ork-services*2 @ vvO Thisv}ariableisalistofnamesofgenericserverstoenablewhenthe2 v ,vnet~workiscon gured.2 , 8aEacRhofthesymbolsinthelistO tcpa:*network-services*O correspondstoav}ariable2 8 nawhicRhde nesaspeci cnetworkservice.Theseare:2 n {8V|ariable2 {2 {aO tcpa:*tcp- nger-service*2 { 18O V|ariable2 12 1aO tcpa:*udp-time-service*2 1 g8O V|ariable2 g2 gaO tcpa:*tcp-time-service*2 g 8O V|ariable2 2 aO tcpa:*tcp-disk-service*2  S8O V|ariable2 S2 SaO tcpa:*tcp-sm~tp-service*2 S  8O V|ariable2  2  aO ftp:*tcp-ftp-service*2  ?8O V|ariable2 ?2 ?aO telnet:*tcp-telnet-service*2 ? aO These v}ariable names maRy be used in calls to O tcpa:enable-one-network-service O (see2  Eapage81)andO tcpa:disable-one-net~work-serviceO (seepage81).2 E Q8V|ariable2 Q2 QaO tcpa:*udp-rwho-serv~er-enabled*O[TorNIL]2 Q vO DetermineswhetherthismacRhinebroadcastsR{WHOpackets.)Setting2  =vthisv}ariabletoNILdisablessendingUDPO rwhoO /O ruptimeO packets.2 = KO10.4)P~eekDispla~y2 2  xaO SevReralcommandmodeswithintheO PeekO programdisplaynetworkingstatus2 x .ainformation.2 . ;-F|unction2 ;2 ;aO peekO&optionalinitial-mode2 ;  aO ThisfunctioncreatesorvisitsaPeekframe.Optionally|,theOinitial-modeO indi-2  AacateswhicRhdisplaytoshow.2 A 3aPReekisav}ailablefromasystemkey|,Oh| A 3 6O SYSTEMJ 3J 3 @AJ 3J 3N 3OiO PO .WithinPeek,selectanoption2 3 iafromthemenRuorpressakeycorrespondingtothenameofthedesiredoption.2 i 'KO10.4.1"Net~w~orkDispla~y2 '2 ' aO TheRO NetworkO commanddispla~ysstatusandstatisticalinformationoneac~hnet-2  OawRorkprotocolandinterface.2 O AaTheRprotocols,interfaces,andconnectionsaremouse-sensitive.Optionsinclude2 A waclosing,resetting,inspecting,anddescribingtheselecteditem;theseareuseful2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 86RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @Kfor debugging and/or resetting hRung connections.The level of information detail2 @ vKmaRybesetforeachstatisticsdisplay;optionsareONormalO ,OV|erboseO ,andOBriefO .2 v hKThereisusuallymorethanonefullscreentothedisplay;positionthemouse2 h KcursortothefarleftofthedisplaRyandusethescrollingbartomoveupordown2  TKwithinthedisplay|.2 T &K  A> y A ~ O W{arning:O Do not close the netw~ork interfaces,R drivers,or transpRort protocols  JfromPReek.Thiscapabilityisav}ailableonlyfordebuggingextremesituations. J UseO net:con gureO torestarttheprotocolsafterclosingdoRwnthroughO PeekO .  ,A ~ }  &A> y2 &2 & a5O10.4.2"HostatDispla~y2 a2 a SKO The O Hostat O command displaRysstatusandstatistical information for each Chaos-2 S  KnethostthatrespRondswhenpolled.ThisisthesameinformationproRvidedby2  ?KO hostatO (seepage81).2 ? z5O10.4.3"ChaosnetDispla~y2 z2 z lKO TheO ChaosnetO commanddispla~ysthestatusofopenChaosnetconnections,as2 l "KwRellasChaosnet-internal\meters"(statistics);thesearenotincludedinthe2 " XKO Net~w~orkO displa~y|.2 X JKThe rstlineineacRhgroupdisplayingaconnectionismouse-sensitive..By2 J KclicRkingonthestringO "O Connectionto...O "O ,eachconnectioncanbRedescribed,2  6Kinspected,orclosed.+Thehostnamedisplayedwitheachconnectionisalso2 6 lKmouse-sensitive;clic~kingonahostbringsupamenuwithoptionsincluding2 l "KO hostatO andO qsendO .2 " h5O10.5)ProcessRun-States2 h2 h ZKO ThissectiondescribResprocessrun-statesthatmaybeseenontheWho-Lineor2 Z KreportedbRyPeek.Sometimesaconditionindicatedbyanabnormalrun-state2  FKcanberecoveredRbyexecutingO net:con gureO (seepage79).2 F UKO TCPRSoc~ketI/O2 U2 U2 U ;O Thisrun-stateindicatesthatasocket-levelTCP/IPconnectionhas2 A;bReenestablished.Itwillappearduringbothinput(listen,reply)and2 A w;output.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR872 O2 O2  w @aO TCPServiceLock2 @2 @2 @ vQO Thisrun-statemaRyappearwhenaTCPfunctionentersaprocess2 v ,Qwaitstate.IfthefunctiondoResnotreturn,itmeansthataloc~khas2 , bQbeenRusurped,andtheprocessloc~kingtheservicemaybehung.This2 b QmayoRccurifprotocolsordriv~ersareclosedabnormally|.2  _aO TCPServR~erLock2 _2 _2 _ QO Similarto \TCPService LocRk",this run-statemayappear while run-2  KQningafunctionthatcommRunicatesdirectlywithanetworkserver2 K QproRcess.Ifsuchafunctiondoesnotreturn,itmeansthatalockhas2  7QbeenRusurped,andtheprocessloc~kingtheserv~ermaybeh~ung,or2 7 lQtheservReritselfmaybehung.2 l 3aO NetConnect2 32 32 3 iQO Thisrun-stateappearswhenaChaosnetfunctionisattemptingto2 i QmakReaninitialconnectiontoacontact(server)onaparticularhost.2  UQAprocessthathangsinthisstateindicatesthataphysicalconnec-2 U  Qtioncannotbeestablished,suggestingthatthet~wohostsarenot2  AQconnectedviathephysicalEthernet.2 A aO ChaosnetFinish2 2 2  =QO Thisrun-stateappearswhenafunctionisw~aitingforallterminating2 = sQpac~k~etsonaChaosconnectiontobetransmittedandac~knowledged.2 s )QIfaprocesshangsinthisstate,itma~yindicatethattheremote2 ) _QhosthasdroppRedtheconnection,orthatthelocalconnectionw~as2 _ Qabortedatadelicatetime.PressO CTRL-Oh{ uA  O ABORTz z  "Az z  |OiO toforcetheconnec-2  KQtiontoterminate.Ifnootherconnectionsareoutstanding,youcan2 K QuseO fs:close-all- lesO toforceanyopenstreamstothisconnectionto2  7QbReclosed;alternativ~ely{,the speci cconnectioncanbeclosedinO PeekO .2 7 ~aO ChaosnetInput,BRDIn2 ~2 ~2 ~ 4QO IndicatesthatthecalleriswRaitingtoreceiveaChaosnetpacket.2 4 zaO ChaosnetW{ait2 z2 z2 z 0QO Thisprocessstateindicatesthatafunctionisw~aitingforaChaos2 0 fQconnection to change status; this will normally time out if no response2 f Qisforthcoming.2  caO PollHosts,HostatReply{,Hosttime,Uptimereply2 c2 c2 c QO These run-states are associated with Chaosnettransactionsthat wait2  OQforanRyofanumbRerofhoststorespondtoastatuspoll.2 O aO Net~w~orkBu er2 2 2  KQO IndicatesthattheinRterruptlevelpacketbu ersareallinuse.*If2 K Qfunctionshanghere,it is probablynecessarytoexecute O net:con gureO .2  7QReportRpersisten~tproblemstoGigaMos.2 72 w [[U2  O5O 88RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR892 O2 O2  w  s;O112 s IxGenericR!Net}w}orkingApplications2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterdocumentsthe\generic"networkingsoftware{thosefunctions2  5aandapplicationsthatarenotrestrictedtoaparticularnetw~orkinterface.These2 5 kaapplicationswRork withbothChaosnet orTCP/IP|,makingthemav}ailabletothe2 k !awidestpRossiblerangeofremotehosttypes.2 ! hKO11.1)FileAccess2 h2 h YaO ThetransparenRt leaccessprovidedbytheLambdasoftwareisanimportant2 Y afeatureofthenetworkingRsoft~ware.ThisdistinguishesLambdanet~workingfrom2  EasomesystemsthatrequirespecialcommandinRterfacesforeachspecializedpro-2 E {atoRcol.!OntheLam~bda,Rstandardutilitiesandinterfaces(O listfO ,O copy- leO ,O viewfO ,2 { 1aO ZMacsO ,O DiredO ,etc.)willuseChaosnetorTCP/FTPasrequired.2 1 #aTheO pathnameO scRhemeontheLambdaallowsthespReci cationofbothph~ysical2 # Yaandlogicalhosts.WithpropRerlycon gurednetw~orkinformation, lesmaybe2 Y aaccessedusingstandardpathnamemec~hanismsonremotesystemsviaeither2  EaChaosnetorTCP/IP|.2 E 7aThis section is inRtended as an overview of le access and pathnames with respect2 7 matoRnet~workingconsiderations.Theprimaryreferencesonthepathnamesystem2 m #aaretheO LISPMachineManualO andOCommonLISP-TheLanguageO .2 # aBrie y|,apathnamema~ybRespeci edaseitherastringorasapathnameobject.2  KaMost userinRterface routines will accept eitherformwherea pathnameargument2 K aisexpected.2  saPathname objects can bRe O made O { constructed from componenRts { by the function2 s )aO mak~e-pathnameO .2CommonLISPandRZetaLISPde neapathnameschemethat2 ) _aissucienRtly exibletoencompassawidev~arietyofpathnameconventions.2 _2 w [[U2  O5O 90RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KWhenapathnameispresenRted\outofcontext",especiallywhenitisrepre-2 @ vKsentedRb~yastring,itmustbeOparsedO todetermineitsindividualcomponen~ts.2 v ,KApathnameisalwa~ysparsedandconstructedwithrespRecttothetypeofcom-2 , bKputersystemindicatedbythehostportionofthepathname.Theparsingrules2 b Kappro~ximate,asRw~ellaspossible,thenativ~epathnamesyn~taxthatapplieson2  NKtheremotehost.2 N @KThev}alidnet~workhostsarespeci edinthesite les;seeSection9.2.5.V|alid2 @ vKhosttRypesareimplementedas avorsthatarebuiltupontheprimaryO si:host2 v ,KO type.2 , KAlmost all LamRbda software interfaces parse pathnames, and most do not impose2  TKanRyrestrictionsonthev}alidhostor lesystemtypes. EO1, T3O T{oprovidecontinuity2 T  Kamongcommandsandtoa ordsomeeconomRyofexpression,utilitiesmayparse2  @KpathnameswithrespecttoacurrenRtsetofpathnamedefaults(suchasthemost2 @ vKrecenRtlyspeci edhost)thatareappropriatetothecurrentenvironment.2 v hKPRathnames are generally speci ed with the host name rst, followed by the direc-2 h Ktoryand lespeci cations.ComponentsRmaybeseparatedbyspacecharacters.2  TKTheonlystandarddelimiter,whicRhworksforallpathnametypes,isthecolon2 T  KO "O :O "O .'Ahostnameisalw~aysRfollo~wedbyacolontodistinguishitfromother2  @Kcomponentsofthepathname.2 @  5O11.1.1"P~athnameTypes2  2  KO ThefolloRwingsectionsdiscussthemostcommonlyusedpathnametypes,with2  5KcommenRtsonparsingandrepresentationissues.2 5 5O11.1.1.1#LISPMP~athnames2 2  tKO LISPmacRhinepathnamessupportahierarchicaldirectorystructureandincre-2 t *KmentalRnumericv~ersionn~umbers.2 * KThis section describRe the Lam~bda and Explorer LISP macRhine pathname syntax.2  RKWherenoted,thesynRtaxofO :LMFSO (Symbolics)pathnamesdi ersslightly|.2 R c~1.2 cCWhenaLISPMpathnameisparsed,thestringcompRonen~tsarecoerced2 c Ctouppercase.$However,whenaLISPMpathnameisconstructed(e.g.,2 5 WAX wS hO1g wg wO Animportan~texceptionisO ftp:ftpO (seepage97).g w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR912 O2 O2  w @Yb~yRO make-pathnameO ),itispossibletocreatedistinctpathnameswithmixed2 @ vYcase.Thisisnotrecommended,however.2 v =2.2 =YThe name and t~ypRe components of a LISPM pathname string are separated2 = sYeitherbRyaperiod,or(whereambiguitywillnotresult)bywhitespace2 s )Y(blanks).F|orexample,thefollo~wing lenamespReci cationsbothindicate2 ) _Ya lewiththenameO "O TEST2O "O oftypeO "O LISPO "O :2 _ _3O "TEST2.LISP"2 _ 3"TEST2LISP"2  XO 3.2 XYThedirectorycomponen~tofaLISPMpathnamestringisdistinguished2 X YbRyatrailingsemi-colon.*Subdirectoriesareseparatedbyperiods.*F{or2  DYexample,thefollowingdirectoryspeci cationsarev}alid:2 D D3O "PROGRAMS;"2 D v3"PROGRAMS.CODE;"2 v (3"PROGRAMS.TEST-FILES;"2 ( {YO SymRbolicspathnamedirectoriesareenclosedbyO ">"O characters;forexam-2 { 1Yple,O ">O PROGRAMSO >O CODEO >"O .2 1 x4.2 xYThevRersioncomponentofaLISPMpathnamestringisprecededbya2 x -YpRoundsignO "O #O "O .$SymbolicsvRersionnumbersareprecededbyaperiod,2 - cYandthereforemRustimmediatelyfollowthenameandtype.2 c *YPRathnames can refer explicitly to version numbers;each succeeding version2 * `Yn~umbergenerallyindicatesanewRerversionofa le.2 ` 'YThec~haracterO ">"O isparsedtoindicatethe\highest",Rorlatest,version2 ' ]Yofa le.T|oconstructapathnameindicatingthehighestversion,specify2 ] YtheRkeywordsO :version:highestO toO mak~e-pathnameO .Similarly|,thec~haracter2  HYO "<"O indicatesthe\oldest",Rorearliest,versionofa le;thecorresponding2 H ~YkeywordO :oldestO canbeusedwhenconstructingapathname.2 ~ E5.2 EYTheonlysupportedwild-cardcRharacterisO "O *O "O ,whichmatchesasingle2 E {YcomponenRt: a lename,type,version,directoryR|,orsubdirectory.$Note2 { 1Ythatmost leopRerationsdonotsupportLambdapathnameswithwild-2 1 gYcardeddirectorycomponents.2 g -YInsomecontexts,particularlyincommandsthatexpectadirectoryas2 - cYaminimalspReci cation,omittedcomponen~tsareconsideredtobewild-2 c Ycarded.2  `6.2 `YThecRharacterO "~"O isparsedtoindicatetheOrootO (top-level)directory|.F{or2 ` YLam~bdas,thisRworksinsituationswherewild-cardingthetop-leveldirec-2  LYtorynamewillnot.2 L2 w [[U2  O5O 92RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KThefolloRwingexamplesillustratethesebasicconventionsofLISPMpathnames:2 @  p%O(pathname"MASTER:PROGRAMS;TEST2.LISP")A;FileTEST2,aLISPsource,2 p "d;unspecifiedversion2 " T%(pathname"MASTER:PROGRAMS;TEST2.LISP"),;Sameasabove2 T %(pathname"master:programs;test2.lisp"),;Sameasabove,getsconverted2  8d;toupper-case2 8 j%(pathname"master:programs;test2.lisp#3");Specifically,version32 j %(pathname"master:programs;test2.lisp#>");Highestversionthatexists2 2  J 5%(listf"master:programs;test.*")Z;Listallfileswith2 5 gd;nameTESTinPROGRAMS2 g %(listf"master:programs;*.LISP")Z;Listallfilesof2  Jd;typeLISPinPROGRAMS2 J2 J + d%(listf"master:programs;*.*#*")p;Listallfilesofany2 d d;type/versioninPROGRAMS2  H%(listf"master:programs;*.*");Sameasabove2 H y%(listf"master:programs;*")G;Sameasabove2 y +%(listf"master:programs;")s;Sameasabove2 +2 + w E%(listf"master:~;") ;Listalltop-leveldirectories2 E w%(listf"master:*;")!;Thisdoesn'twork2 w2 w  5O11.1.1.2#UnixP~athnames2  2  0~O 1.2 0CLISP has some knoRwledge of Unix le typRes, and does not require Unix les2 0 fCtoRha~v~eextensions.Becareful,how~ever:whencurrentpathnamedefaults2 f Cincludea leextension,itwillbeassumedbydefaultforaUnix lename.2  RCF{orexample,someeditorcommandswillappendaO "O .lO "O extensionwhen2 R Cdispla~yingadefaultpathnameforacommand.2  P~2.2 PCTheUnixwild-cardsO "O *O "O andO "O ?O "O aresupported..The\directoryup"2 P CtokRenO "O ..O "O alsoworks."Othercharacterswhichhavespecialmeaningsin2  <CUnixshells,sucRhasO "~"O ,arenotunderstoodassuchbyLISP|.2 < ~3.2 CInZetaLISPsynRtax,theOslashcharacterO "O /O "O isusedasthe\character2  ;Cquote". Asaresult,itisnecessarytospecifytheO "O /O "O twicewhereUnix2 ; qCrequiresitonce.InCommonLISPsyntaxthisdouble-quotingisnotnec-2 q 'Cessary|.F|orexample:2 '2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR932 O2 O2  w @3O InZetaLISP:"unix-a://etc//rc2"2 @ r3InCommonLISP:O"unix-a:/etc/rc2"2 r :O 4.2 :YUnix pathname speci cations that are intended to apply to a directory|, but2 : pYnot to the directory Oas a leO , mRust generally have a O "O /O " O character appended.2 p &YF{orexample,O (listfO "O unix-a:/usr/k~eithO "O )willlistthepresenceofthedirec-2 & \Ytory leO "O kReithO "O ,butwillnotlistthe lescontainedinthatdirectory|.The2 \ YcorrectspReci cationinthisinstancewouldbeO "O unix-a:/usr/keith/O "O ,whic~h2  HYLISPparsesinRtothewild-cardedspeci cationO "O unix-a:/usr/keith/*O "O .2 H 5.2 YUnixpathnamesarenotparsedontheLambRdawithrespecttoacurrent2  GY\w~orkingdirectory",RasintheUnixshells.Instead,thecurrentpathname2 G }Ydefaultsareappliedasneeded,andtheymaRychangefromonecontext2 } 3Ytoanother.Y{oushouldspecifydirectoriescompletely(fromtheO "O /O "O le-2 3 iYsystemlevRel)unlessyouarecertainofthecurrentpathnamedefaults.2 i 0KO11.1.1.3#VMSP~athnames2 02 0 "aO VMSpathnamesareparsedinaccordancewithVMSV|ersion4rules.2 " aJustlikRethehostname component,the disk/device portion ofaVMS pathname2  JamRustbefollowedbyacolon.-Thiscreatesapotentialforambiguity;when2 J aspRecifyingaVMSdiskdevice,alwaysspecifythehost,andk~eeptheminproper2  6aorder,thatis,O host:device:O .2 6 (aItispRossibletospecify|,Rinthesite les,adefaultdeviceforeachVMSsystem;2 ( ^athis will sa~v~e some tRyping and possibly prevent confusion.The default device for2 ^ aaforeignhostisspeci edbRythesiteoptionO :HOST-DEF{AUL|T-DEVICE-ALIST2  IaO (seepage59).2 I ;aF{orexample:2 ; hoO :2 h ;(:HOST-DEFAULT-DEVICE-ALIST'(("LMI-VAX"."USER_DISK")))2  Ko:2 K JaO GivRenthissiteentry|,Rpathnameson\LMI-V{AX"will,bydefault,includethe2 J a(logical)device \USERO _O DISK".Herearetw~oexamples ofVMS pathnames, rst2 5awithdefaultedandsecondwithexplicitdevices:2 5 b;O (pathname"lmi-vax:[keith]foo.com;")2 b ;#2  w;(pathname"lmi-vax:dba0:[system]sysexe.exe;*")2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 94RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @%O #2 @ 5O11.1.2"SpecifyinganUnkno~wnHost2 2  KO UnknoRwn hosts are handled very di erently when OparsingO , as opposed to OmakingO ,2  :Kapathname.2 : ,KAsonemighRtexpect,O make-pathameO signalsanerrorwhenitispassedanun-2 , bKknoRwnhostcomponent.2 b TKOntheotherhand,parsing functions sucRhasO fs:parse-pathnameO interpretinv}alid2 T  Khostnamesasdevicespeci cations.Inthiscase,aparsedpathnameisreturned2  @KwhicRhincludesahosttakenfromthecurrentdefaults,andadevicespeci cation2 @ vKtakRenfromtheintendedhost.2 v hKF{orexample:2 h %O ;;Makingapathnamewithanunknownhost:2  x%(make-pathname:host"bogus-host"2 x )-:directory"TEMP":name:wild:type:lisp)2 ) [%>>ERROR:"bogus-host"isnotthenameofaknownfilehost...2 [ ?%;;Parsinganunknownhost:2 ? "%(pathname"bogus-host:temp;*.lisp")2 " T%#2 T SKO Sinceprogramsshouldbewrittensoastoprev~entthiskindofconfusion,pro-2 S  Kgrammersshouldkeephostnamesseparatefrom lenamespeci cations.Then,2  ?KO makRe-pathnameO canbecalledtoconstructeachdesiredpathname,andanerror2 ? uKwillbesignalledintheeven~tofanunknownhost.2 u ;5O11.2)DISKFzunctions2 ;2 ; -KO TheDISKRprotocolsofChaosnetandTCParepro~videdtosupportremotedisk2 - cKaccessthroughfunctionssucRhasO print-disk-labelO andO si:copy-disk-partitionO .This2 c KprotoRcolissupportedonlybet~weenLambdas.2  KTheOunitO argumenRt(s)takenbythesefunctionsallowstheusertospecifya2 AKparticulardiskunitontheloRcalsystemoraremotehost.Adiskunitcanbe2 A wKspReci edaseitheranum~berorastring.Anumber(0or1)isinterpretedasa2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR952 O2 O2  w @adiskunitontheloRcalsystem;astringspeci esahostnameand,optionally{,a2 @ vadiskunitontheremotesystem.2 v haLocaldiskunit0isthemaindisk;thisisthedefaultinmostcases.Onsystems2 h awithdual-diskcon gurationstheseconddiskisconsideredunit1.2  aThefolloRwingfunctionsprovideremoteDISKaccess:2  %-F|unction2 %2 %aO si:copy-disk-partitionOfrom-unitfrom-partto-unitto-part2 % [1&optional&kRey(pages-at-a-time(minpage-rqb-size85))(ver-2 [ 1boset)(starting-hRundred0)whole-thing-pdelay2  GvO CopRypartitionFROM-P|AR|TonFROM-UNITtopartitionTO-P|AR|T2 G |vonTO-UNIT.2 | nvHerearesomeexamples:2 n PO ;Copyonmaindisk2  ~P(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod10'lod3)2 ~ bP;Copyto2nddisk2 b EP(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod11'sav1)2 E )P;CopytoOTHER-HOST2 )  P(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod1"other-host"'lod3)2  !-O F|unction2 !2 !aO print-disk-labelO&optional(unitnil)(streamstandard-2 ! W1output)2 W  vO DisplaythedisklabelforUNIT,withoutputtoSTREAM.2  vF|orexample:2  +PO (print-disk-label):;printlocalmaindisk2 + ]P(print-disk-label1);printlocalauxiliarydisk2 ] P(print-disk-label"lama");printLAMA'smaindisk2  AP(print-disk-label"lamc1")N;printLAMC'sauxiliarydisk2 A U-O F|unction2 U2 UaO si:edit-disk-labelO&optionalle-unitinit-p2 U vO EditthelabelofadiskpacRk.+Ole-unitO isthediskdrivenumber,ora2 Avnameofamachine(Chaosnetisused).&IfO init-pO isnon-NIL,adefault2 A wvlabelisdisplayedinsteadoftheactualonethatisstored. (Thisisnot2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 96RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @`recommended,Runlessthegoalistostartfromscratch;indeed,savinga2 @ v`defaultlabelwRould\scratch"allsoftwareonthedisk).2 v h`PressOh| HAm h kO HELP" h" h uAm" h" h& hgOiO fordocumenRtationontheinterface.2 h2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR972 O2 O2  w  o;O122 o ItTCP/IP!Applications2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterdocumentstheuserinterfacestoTCP/IPprotocolapplications.2  qaNotethatmanRyoftheTCP/IPfunctionsdocumentedbelowwhichtakeasan2 q 'aargumenRtthenameofaremotehostwillalsoacceptanInternetaddress.2 ' ]aThispRermitscomm~unicationwithahostthatisnotspeci edintheloadedsite2 ] ainformation.2  PKO12.1)FileTyransferProtocol(FTP)2 P2 P BaO TheFTPspReci cationrequiresthatacommandin~terfacebeproRvidedtomake2 B xacon~v~entionalFTPcommandsaRv}ailableattheuserlevel.2 x jaThe FTP-only command inRterface is provided by the LISP function O ftp:ftpO .Path-2 j  anamesarepassedwithouttranslationfromO ftp:ftpO totheremoteFTPserv~er.2  VaThisisusefulif,Rforexample,thenormalLam~bda leaccessfunctionsarenot2 V  aworkingbecauseofpathnameparsingproblems.2  #-F|unction2 #2 #aO ftp:ftpO&optionalhost2 # YvO TheFileT|ransferProtocolcommand.2 Y KvConnectstoOhostO ,ifspeci ed.2 K caFigure18,page99illustratesanexampleofanFTPsession.2 c UaPress\O?O "!toviewthehelpdocumenRtationforeachcommand.!Intheon-line2 U ahelplisting(andbeloRw),optionalargumentsareenclosedinbrackets,afterany2 AarequiredargumenRts."Ifacommandisenteredwithnoarguments,theuseris2 A wapromptedforeacRhone,inorder.PressOh| VA w zO RETURN| w| w A| w| w wOiO toskipanargument.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 98RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KThefollowinglistdescribesthemostcommonlyusedcommands:2 @ TKO?[command]O -2 T2 T2 T  ;O helpinformationonallcommands(oraspeci cOcommandO )2  UKOOPENtoO -2 U2 U2 U  ;O openaconnectiontoaremotehost.2  VKOCDremote-directoryO -2 V2 V2 V  ;O cRhangeremoteworkingdirectorytoOremote-directoryO .Theworking2  B;directoryisusedtoapplypathnamedefaultstorelativepathnames2 B x;orwhereOremote-directoryO isoptional.2 x CKOPWDO -2 C2 C;O displa~yRcurrentw~orkingdirectoryonremotehost.2 C KODIR[remote-directory][local- le]O -2 2 2  D;O listdirectorycon~ten~tsofcurren~tdirectoryorOremote-directoryO ;op-2 D z;tionally|,Rsa~velistinginOlocal- leO .2 z EKOST{A|TUSO -2 E2 E2 E {;O showRcurrentstatusofen~vironmentcommands.2 { FKOUSER[username][passwRord][account]O -2 F2 F2 F |;O loginandsendnewuserinformation.2 | GKOSENDlocal- le[remote- le]O -2 G2 G2 G };O transferOloRcal- leO fromlocalsystemtoOremote- leO onremotesystem.2 } HKORECVremote- le[local- le]O -2 H2 H2 H ~;O transferOremote- leO fromremotesystemtoloRcalsystemasOlocal- leO .2 ~ IKOCLOSEO -2 I2 I;O terminateFTPsession.2 I KOQUITO -2 2 ;O terminateFTPsessionandexit.2  k5O12.2)TyerminalRNet}w~orkAccessProtocol(Tzelnet)2 k2 k ]KO Therearefourdi erenRtwaystoaccesstheT{elnetprotocolontheLambda.2 ] KTheydi erinthemeansofaccessanddegreeofspRecialcharacterandrubout2  IKhandlingproRvided.)Theyallprovidethesamebasicservice,namely|,remote2 I Klogincapability|.2  qKOh| QA q tO SYSTEM q q ~A q q qOiO TO in~v~okesafull-screenT|elnetinRterface.Thisisacomprehensiveinter-2 q 'Kface,includingrubRout-handling,forLambda-to-Lam~bdaremotelogins.2 ' KTheKermitinRterfacesprovideH19terminalemulation,whichissupportedby2  OKmanRyotherT|elnetservers.2 O AKTheotherT|elnetand\glassttRy"interfacesprovideonlybasic\dumbterminal"2 A wKcapabilities.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR992 O2 O2  w <K  AS GpO;ReadingattoplevelinLispListener1.} G yp;Readinginbase10inpackageUSERwithstandardZetalispreadtable.} y ]pO(ftp:ftp'lmi-vax)} ] pOConnectedtoLMI-VAX}  @p220lmi-vaxFTPserver(Version4.91FriMar1512:12:27PST1985)ready.} @ rp(username)Okeith} r $pO331Passwordrequiredforkeith.} $ Vp(password)} V p230Userloggedin.}  9pftp>Opwd} 9 kpO251"_DBA4:[USERS.KEITH]"iscurrentdirectory.} k pftp>Odirl*.c~om;}  OpO200PORTcommandokay.} O p150Openingdataconnectionforl*.com;(101.0.0.222,283).}  3pRWED/[300,000]1/3,17-OCT-198619:34,labelq.com;12} 3 dpRWED/[300,000]1/3,17-OCT-198619:32,labelqs.com;6} d pRWED/[300,000]1/3,24-NOV-198616:07,labler.com;2}  HpRWED/[300,000]1/3,17-OCT-198620:38,labs.com;8} H zpRWED/[300,000]2/3,22-OCT-198621:17,login.com;82} z ,p226Transfercomplete.} , ]p275bytesreceivedin1.18seconds(0.23Kbytespersecond)} ] pftp>OgetRlo~gin.c~omtemp;lo~gin.c~om}  ApO200PORTcommandokay.} A sp150Openingdataconnectionforlogin.com(101.0.0.222,284).} s %p226Transfercomplete.} % Vp683bytesreceivedin0.15seconds(4.55Kbytespersecond)} V pftp>Odir[cR~opy]temp;copy-dirlist}  :pO200PORTcommandokay.} : lp150Openingdataconnectionfor[copy](101.0.0.222,285).} l p226Transfercomplete.}  Pp81bytesreceivedin0.03seconds(2.43Kbytespersecond)} P pftp>Oquit}  3pO221Goodbye.} 3 pNIL}  uO Figure18.RO ExampleO FTP:FTPO session.UserinputisOinitalicsO .} KwindoRw,pressOh{ A8 > @O NETWORKI >I > JA8I >I >N >0OiO EO totogglelocalecho.2 > /KAnotherimpRortantescapesequenceisOh{ A8 / 2O NETWORK] /] / auser'sscreen,andcanbeviewRedwiththeConverseinterface(seebelow).2 > yKO13.3.1"ConR~trollingMessageInterruptions2 y2 y kaO EacRh user can allow or forbid the receipt of O qsend O messages at their work-station:2 k w8V|ariable2 w2 waO zwei:*con~verse-gagged*ONIL2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1089Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @`Ifthisv}ariableisNIL,thenyRouwillreceiveallincomingConversemes-2 @ v`sages.IfitisnotT,thenitisassumedtobReastringthatwillbesent2 v ,`toanRyuserwhoattemptstosendyouamessage.$Ifthev}alueofthis2 , b`v}ariableisT,thenallincomingmessagesaresimplyrejected.Usageof2 b `thefunctionsO qsends-onO andO qsends-o O isencouragedinstead.2  "F|unction2 "2 "KO qsends-on2 " X`O Acceptmessagesfromotherusers.2 X bF|unction2 b2 bKO qsends-o O&optional(gag-messageT)2 b `O Refusemessagesfromotherusers.Ogag-messageO canbeastringwhic~his2  N`senRtautomaticallyasareplytoanyonewhosendsamessagehere.2 N 5O13.3.2"FzunctionIn~terfaces2 2  O F|unction2 2 KO qsendO&optionaldestinationmessage2  F`O Sendaninteractivemessage,OmessageO ,totheuser(s)inOdestinationO .2 F 8`IfO messageO isemptRy{,youwillbepromptedforit.2 8 *`IfO destinationO isemptRy|,Conversewillbeselected.2 * `IfO mail-pO isNIL(thedefault),themessagewillbesenRtinteractively{,oth-2  Q`erwisethemessagewillbemailed.2 Q C`OdestinationO shouldbeastringoftheformO\usernameO @Ohostname"O .2 C 5`OhostnameO isthename of thehost where the remote user namedOusername2 5 k`O iscurrenRtlyloggedin.Multiplerecipientsseparatedbycommasarealso2 k !`allow~ed.2 ! `IfO w~ait-pO isNIL,thenqueueuptomessagetobResoon,butreturnNIL.2  `IfO wRait-pO isT,thenwaituntilwedeterminethestatusofthemessages2  ;`senRt,andreturnalistofthesuccessfulrecipients.Thedefaultv}alueof2 ; q`O wRait-pO iscontainedintheinitv~ariableO zwei:*converse-wait-p*O .2 q c`ThisfunctionisexpRectedtobecalledbRyauser.#Programswhichcall2 c `itareguaranteedtodosomethingusefulonlyifO messageO andO destination2  O`O arenon-NIL.2 O A`WhiletRypinginamessage,youcaninsertthetextofthelastmessage2 A w`receiv~edRbytypingO CTRL-META-YO .2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91092 O2 O2  w @vIfyRouhavestartedtypinginamessagetoO qsendO ,youcanswitchtoCon-2 @ vvv~erseRbytypingO CTRL-META-EO .Thetextyouha~v~etypedsofaristrans-2 v ,vferredinRtoConverse.2 , ;-F|unction2 ;2 ;aO replyO&optionaltext2 ; q-O F|unction2 q2 qaO qreplyO&optionaltext2 q 'vO SendsOtextO asamessagetothelastuserwhosenRtamessagetoyou;2 ' ]votherwise,thesefunctionsactslikeO qsendO .2 ] l-F|unction2 l2 laO chaos:shoutO&optionalmessage2 l !vO SendsOmessageO toevReryLISPmachineatyoursite.Ifyoudonotspecify2 ! WvOmessageO ,itisreadfromstandardinput.2 W f-F|unction2 f2 faO print-sends2 f vO ReprintsRanymessagesthathavebeenreceivedatyourmachine.2  dKO13.3.3"Con~v~erseIn~terface2 d2 d VaO Con~verseRprovidesafull-screen\interactive"interfacetoO qsendO .*Conv~erseis2 V  ain~vokedRb~ytypingOh{ lA  O SYSTEM0  0  A0  0  5  OiO CO .Thescreenisdividedintoareasforseparatemes-2  Basages,withearliermessagesscrollingdoRwnthescreenasnewonesarereceived2 B xaandsent.2 x jaThemessageareasactasbu erswherenewmessagescanbeen~tered,with2 j  aZMacs-likReeditingcapabilities. F|orexample,youcancuttextfromaneditor2  Vabu erandpasteitintothemessagebu er.2 V HaThe rstlineineacRhmessagebeginswithO\T|o:"O ,followedbyaspeci cationfor2 H ~athe destination (typically in the form O "O user@hostO "O .This spReci cation can also be2 ~ 4aeditedtosendmessagestoanewuserorlistofusers.Usethesameconven~tion2 4 jaasO ngerO (seepage106)forspecifyingremoteusers.2 j \aT|osendthemessagethatisinthecurren~tbu ertothespeci eduser,press2 \ aOh| qAS  O END   AS  # MOiO .UseRO CTRL-Oh| qAS  O END   AS   MOiO tosendandexit,orOh| qA  O ABORTL L  AL L P }OiO tojustexit.2  ]KO13.4)EVwAL-CommandEv{aluationServ}er2 ]2 ] OaO TheEVzALservRerprovidesremotecommandev}aluation.2 O AaOnatRypicalUnixChaosnethost,theEV{ALservercanev}aluateeitherasingle2 A wacommandorstreamofcommands.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1109Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KOntheLambRda,EV{ALpro~videsa\read/ev}al/print"loopwhichreadsfromand2 @ vKprin~tstotheChaosnetconnection(astream).2 v hKEacRhtimetheLambdaEVzALserverreceivesacompleteOS-expressionO ,itreads2 h Ktheform,Rev}aluatesit,andprintsalistthereturnedv}alues,follow~edRbyaO CRLF2  TKO (carriage-return/line-feed).&ThedataconsistsoftextintheASCIIc~haracter2 T  Kset.Thereisnow~ayfortheuserprocesstodetecttheendoftheoutputfrom2  @Kaparticularcommand;theusualprocedureissimplytocopyalltheoutputto2 @ vKauser'sterminal,ortousethereceivedstringsforprocessing.Notethatthis2 v ,KmethodRdoesnotprovideforan~yin~teractiveI/Owiththeremoteprocess.2 , KThe folloRwing example causes the remote Lambda host \MASTER" to recompile2  TKandreloaditssite les;theoutputiscopiedattheuser'sterminal.2 T %O (with-open-stream(server(chaos:open-stream2  2g"MASTER""EVAL"2 2 dg:ascii-translationt))2 d Y(write-line"(make-system'site:recompile:noconfirm2  Gb:no-reload-system-declaration)"2 G y-server)2 y +Y(write-line"(update-site-configuration-info)"2 + ]server)2 ] Y;;Getservertocloseourconnection2  @Y(write-line"(closestandard-output)"2 @ rserver)2 r $Y(sendserver:force-output)2 $ VY(stream-copy-until-eofserverstandard-output))2 V 9%GeneratinghosttablefromSYS:CHAOS;HOSTSTEXT>2 9 k%CompilingSYS:SITE;SITELISP>2 k %CompilingSYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISP>2  O%CompilingSYS:SITE;HSTTBLLISP>2 O %LoadingsitefilesonaccountofSYS:SITE;SITEQFASL>2  2%LoadingsitefilesonaccountofSYS:SITE;LMLOCSQFASL>2 2 d%LoadingsitefilesonaccountofSYS:SITE;HSTTBLQFASL>(T)2 d %(NIL)2  z%NIL2 z xKO NOTE:O OneofthemostusefulapplicationsoftheEVzALRserverisforLISPto2 x .KexecuteUnixcommandstoberunonanattacRhedLambRda-Plusprocessor.The2 . dKdistributedexample leO "O SYS:EXAMPLES;STREAMSO "O pro~videsanillustration2 d Kofhowtodothis.2  KTheSTREAMSexampleincludesthefolloRwingfunction,whichexecutesUnix2 BKcommandsremotely:2 B2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91112 O2 O2  w r;O (defunsimple-unix-eval(hostcommand2 r $I&optional(streamstandard-output))2 $ Vo(with-open-stream(s(chaos:open-stream2 V Ihost2  9I(formatnil"EVAL~a"command)))2 9 k$(formatstream"~&%~A~%"command)2 k $(do((c(sends':tyi)(sends':tyi)))2  O ((nullc))2 O X(sendstream':tyo2  2u(selectqc2 2 d)((#o12#o15)#\return)2 d )(#o11#\tab)2  H)(tc))))))2 H FaO F{orexample:2 F r;O (simple-unix-eval"unix-a""cd/usr/local/shareapp;make")2 r $;%cd/usr/local/shareapp;make2 $ Vo:2 V o:2  aO Some applications of LamRbda Extended Streams wOtm" :O (a facility using global shared2  <amemoryforinRterprocessorcommunications)usethiscapability|./Aprogram2 < racalledfromLISPcanstartupthedesiredUnixprogramthroughEVzAL,and2 r (athencomm~unicatemoredirectlythroughsharedmemory|.2 ( aNotethattheEV{ALservReronLambda-PlusSystem5Unixisloggedinas2  PaOanonRymousO whileitexecutesthedesiredcommands.$Thisusernamemustbe2 P aprovidedRb~ytheUnixsystemadministrator,withwhatev~erprovisions,suc~has2  <aidenRti cationandsecurity|,thataredesired;inthiswaytheUnixadministra-2 < ratorcanexercisesomeconRtroloverwhatisexecutedfromremotesources.F{or2 r (athisreasonitisoftendesirabletoEV{ALonlycommandsthatexecuteaUnix2 ( ^acommandscriptsituatedinapublicaccoun~t.2 ^ $KO13.5)TIME-TimeofDaR~yServer2 $2 $ aO TheTIMEservRerallowsonehosttoaskanotherforthecurrenttimeofday|.2  LaTheformofanswRermaybeimplementation-dependent;thatis,youmustknow2 L athedetails ofdecoding the resultfrom a givRen type ofChaosnet implementation.2  taTheanswRerreceivedfromTIMEisaChaospacket,whichmustbRedecoded.2 t *aThetimeofdaRyisexpressedbyaLambdaTIMEserverinOuniversaltimeO (UT)2 * `aformat.*ThisRquan~tit~yisa32-bitnumbercontainedina4characterstring,2 `2 w [[U2  O5O 1129Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @Kwhic~hRmustbeformedintoaninteger.2 @ 2KThefolloRwingexampleprintsthetimeofdayreceivedfromtheLambdahost2 2 hK\MASTER":2 h %O (time:print-universal-time2  FY(let((timen(lisp:map'list'char-int2 F x(chaos:pkt-string2 x *J(chaos:simple"MASTER""TIME")))))2 * \(+(firsttimen)2 \  \(*(secondtimen)(^28.))2  ?\(*(thirdtimen)5(^216.))2 ? q\(*(fourthtimen)(^224.)))))2 q #%6-Jul-8814:542 # U%NIL2 U 5O13.6)UPTIME-HostUptimeServ~er2 2  KO SomehostsproRvidetheUPTIMEservice,whichallowsotherhoststoquery2  9Ktheamountoftimesincetheylastbootedup..Themethodofobtaininga2 9 oKremotehost'suptimeissimilartotheTIMEexampleabRove.Lam~bdasreturn2 o %KanUPTIMEexpressedininRternalclockunitsof60persecond,sotheanswer2 % [KfromUPTIMEmRustbedividedby60toprovideaninterv}alinseconds.2 [ MKThefolloRwingexampleprintstheuptimereceived fromtheLambdahost\MAS-2 M KTER":2  /%O (time:print-interval-or-never2 / aY(quotient2 a (let((timen(lisp:map'list'char-int2  Ed(chaos:pkt-string2 E w(chaos:simple"MASTER""UPTIME")))))2 w (B(+(firsttimen)2 ( Z(*(secondtimen)(^28.))2 Z (*(thirdtimen)4(^216.))2 >(*(fourthtimen)(^224.))))2 > p60.))2 p !%4weeks1day5hours14minutes22seconds2 ! S%NIL2 S2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91132 O2 O2  w @KO13.7)HOSTyAB-HostInformationServ~er2 @2 @ 2aO TheHOST|ABservRerprovidestablesofhostinformation.2 2 $aTR|ouseHOSTAB,theuserconnectstotheremoteserver,initiatesaqueryfor2 $ ZaeacRhhostofinterest,andthenclosestheconnection."Eachqueryisinitiated2 Z awhentheusertransmitsahostnamefollow~edRb~yacarriagereturn.Theserv~er2  FarespRondswithinformationaboutthathost,terminatedwithanEOF,andis2 F |athenreadyforanothertransaction.2 | naEacRhlineoftextreturnedbytheserverconsistsofanattributenamefollowed2 n $abRythev}alueoftheattribute,separatedbyaspace.V|aluesmaybestrings(free2 $ ZaofreturncRharactersandO notO surroundedbyquotes)ornumbRers(usuallyoctal).2 Z aAttribute names and mostv}aluesarein uppRer case.There can be more than one2  Fav~alueforeacRhattribute;aseparatelinespecifyingeachv}aluefortheattribute2 F |aisreturned.'F|orexample,ahostmaRyhavemorethanonenameornetwork2 | 2aaddress.2 2 $aThefollowinglistdescribesthemostusefulattributenames.(Notethathosts2 $ ZamayRimplementotherattributes.)2 Z ?&O2 ?YO ERROR-Thev}alueisanerrormessage.2 ? [&O2 [YO NAMER-Thev~alueisanameofthehost.The rstNAMElinereceiv~ed2 [ Yindicatestheocialname;allothersarenicknames.2  -&O2 -YO MARCHINE-TYPE-Thev}alueisthetypeofmachine,suchasLISPM,2 - cYPDP-10,NU,etc.2 c &O2 YO SYSTEM-TYPE-Thev}alueisthetRypeofsoftwarerunningonthema-2 6Ychine,RsuchasLISPM,UNIX,etc.2 6 R&O2 RYO ARP|A-Thev}alueisanaddressofthehostontheArpanet,intheform2 R YOhost/impO .TheRtw~on~umbersaredecimal.2  %&O2 %YO CHA~OS-Thev}alueisanaddressofthehostontheChaosnet(octal).2 % A&O2 AYO INTERNET-Thev}alueisanaddressofthehostonalocalInternet2 A wY(dotted-decimal).2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1149Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w * ,KThe folloRwing example printsthe HOST|ABinformationforthe host \MY-VzAX"2 , bKasitisknoRwntothehost\MASTER".Notethatwiththestreamsinterface,2 b KitisnotpRossibletorequestinformationaboutmorethanonehost,sincethe2  MKstreamiscloseduponreceiptofthe rstEOF.2 M z%O (with-open-stream(server(chaos:open-stream"MASTER""HOSTAB"))2 z +Y(write-line"MY-VAX"server)2 + ]Y(sendserver:force-output)2 ] Y(stream-copy-until-eofserverstandard-output))2  A%NAMEMY-VAX2 A s%NAMEMYVAX2 s $%NAMEVAX2 $ V%MACHINE-TYPEVAX2 V %SYSTEM-TYPEVMS2  :%INTERNET101.0.0.102 : %NIL2 2 *2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91152 O2 O2  w  s;O142 s INet~w}ork!Programming!Txopics2 I2  JKO14.1)HostObjects-BriefOv}erview2 J2 J <aO InkReepingwiththeFlavorsobject-orientedprogrammingmethodology|,thecon-2 < raceptofa\hostobjectt~ypRe"isspeci edbythemethodssuc~hobjectso er.2 r daHostobjectshaveRt~womajorpurposes: rst,theyidentifya\ lecomputer"(a2 d aremotehost,Raccessibleonthenetw~ork,thathas les)touseinsidepathnames;2  Pasecond,theyservRetoimplementnameandaddressmappingonnetworks.2 P BaNotethathost avorsneednot corresponddirectlytopathname a~vors;indeed,2 B xatheRhierarc~hyofpathname avorsiscompletelyseparatefromhost a~v~ors.The2 x .arelationshipistw~o-way:eac~hhosttypReo ersoperationsrelatedtopathname2 . daparsingviainstancesofadesignatedpathnametype;and,Rofcourse,ahost2 d aobjectispartofmostnetworkpathnameinstances.  O1q 2   aO TheR av~orO si:basic-hostO isincludedinhostobjectsofalltypes.2  ~a\P~athnamehosts"arehostobjectsthatcanbRespeci edwithinpathnames.A2 ~ 3asubsetofthesearethe\net~workRhosts",whic~hcorrespondtoph~ysicalentities2 3 iaonthenetwork.TheR avorO si:hostO isincludedinthede nitionofnet~workhost2 i atypes.2  aThereareothertRypesofpathnamehostswhichpointtodevicesorapplication-2  Gaspeci c objects.The av~or O si:shared-device-pathname O is included in the de nition2 GK !AX AS 2O1} A} AO ThecommenRtsinthesystemsource leO "O SYS:IO;FILE;P|A|THNMO "O describehowpath-} A wnameparsinginteractswithhostobjectsinmoredetail.} w2 w [[U2  O5O 1169Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KofdevicesthatmaRybesharedbymultipleprocessors.2 @ 2KThefolloRwingareexamplesofextendedpathnamehosttypes:2 2 ^%O (pathname"ed:foo.lisp")7;AZMacseditorbuffer2 ^ %(pathname"unix-stream-1:")i;LISP/Unixextendedstream#12  B%(pathname"sdu-serial-b:");SerialportB2 B @KO AdditionalinformationonhosttRypesisprovidedintheO LISPMachineManualO .2 @ i5O14.1.1"ObtainingaHostObject2 i2 i [KO KnownRnet~workhostsarekeptonalist,O si:host-alistO .T{oobtainthehostobject2 [ Kcorrespondingtoaparticularnetworkhostbyname,useO si:parse-hostO .2  F|unction2 2 KO si:parse-hostOhost&optional(no-error-pnil)(unknown-ok2  Jt)2 J `O ReturnahostobjectfornameOhostO ,takenfromtheO si:host-alistO .2  r`OhostO canalsobeahostobjectalready;thenit'ssimplyreturned.%Ono-2 r (`error-pO saRysjustreturnO NILO ifthereisnosuchhostknown.2 ( +"V|ariable2 +2 +KO si:host-alist2 + a`O Anassociationlist,Rindexedbyprimaryhostname,containingtheasso-2 a `ciatedhostobjectandotherrelev~anRtinformation(mostofwhichcanbe2  M`obtainedfromthehostobjectitself).2 M OKT|o obtain the hostobject corresponding by nameto a pathname host,use O fs:get-2 O Kpathname-hostO :2  F|unction2 2 KO fs:get-pathname-hostOhost-name&optional(no-error-p2  >nil)(unknown-oknil)2 > t`O Parseahostforuseinapathname.Ohost-nameO canbeahostobjectora2 t *`hostname.2 * `IfOno-error-pO isnon-NIL,wRereturnNILifgivenanunde nedhostname.2  w ^KWhenapathnamehostis rstreferredtowithinapathname,itgetsstoredon2 ^ KthelistO fs:*pathname-host-list*O :2  "V|ariable2 2 KO fs:*pathname-host-list*2  T`O Thelistofestablishedpathnamehostobjects.2 T2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91172 O2 O2  w @KO14.1.2"HostObjectMethods2 @2 @ 2aO The folloRwingisa brief summary ofthemostuseful avormethodsimplemented2 2 hab~yRnetworkhostt~ypes.2 h 4KO14.1.2.1#ObtainingHostA~ttributes2 42 4 &aO ThefolloRwingmethodsreturninformationthatisusefultodevelopers:2 & 7aO :NAME2 72 7QO Returnstheocialhostname.2 7 aO :SHORT-NAME2 2 2  6QO Returnstheshortesthostname.Used,Rforexample,onthewho-line2 6 lQ lesummary|.2 l 5aO :STRING-FOR-PRINTING2 52 52 5 kQO Generally the same as the ocial name, but this methoRd may be mod-2 k !Qi edtopRerformspecialtransformations.$Used,Rforexample,when2 ! WQprin~tingpathnames.2 W  aO :HOST-NAMES2  2  2  VQO ReturnsthelistofallnamesbRywhichthishostisknown.2 V aO :MACHINE-TYPE2 2 2  Ua:SYSTEM-TYPE2 U2 U2 U  a:FILE-SYSTEM-TYPE2  2  2  TQO ThesemethoRdsreturntherespectivRehosttypeattribute.2 T aO :PRIMARY-DEVICE2 2 2  RQO Returnsthedefaultdeviceforthehost,asspeci edbythe:HOST-2 R QDEF{AUL|T-DEVICE-ALISTsiteoption.2  TKO14.1.2.2#ObtainingHostAddresses2 T2 T FaO ThefolloRwingmethodsreturnassignednetworkaddresses:2 F WaO :NETW~ORK-ADDRESSES2 W2 W2 W QO Returnsthelistofallde nednet~workaddresses;thisisaproperty-2 CQlistwithalternatingpairsofnet~workprotocolkeywordsandaddress2 C yQlists.2 y BaO :NETW~ORK-ADDRESSO 2 B2 B2 B xQO Returnstheprimaryaddressforthespeci edNETWORKkeyword.2 x AaO :CHAOS-ADDRESS2 A2 A2 A wQO ReturnstheprimaryChaosaddressforthishost.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1189Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KO :CHAOS-ADDRESSES2 @2 @2 @ v;O ReturnsthelistofallChaosaddressesforthishost.2 v 9KO :INTERNET-ADDRESS2 92 92 9 o;O ReturntheprimaryInternetaddressforthishost.2 o 2KO :INTERNET-ADDRESSES2 22 22 2 h;O ReturnsthelistofallassignedInternetaddressesforthishost.2 h +KO :NETW~ORK-TYPE2 +2 +2 + a;O Returnsthe rstnetworkRkeywordofthehost'snetwork-addresses.2 a #KO :NETW~ORK-TYPEPO 2 #2 #2 # Y;O Apredicatefordeterminingwhetherthehosthasanaddressforthe2 Y ;speci ednetw~ork.2  RKO :UNP|ARSED-NETWORK-ADDRESSO 2 R2 R2 R ;O Returnstheunparsedprimaryaddressforthespeci ednetwork.2  KKO :UNP|ARSED-NETWORK-ADDRESSESO 2 K2 K2 K ;O Returnsthelistofallunparsedaddressesforthespeci ednetw~ork.2  *5O14.1.2.3#HostFileOperations2 *2 * KO Thefollowingare le-relatedmethoRdssupportedbRynetworkhosttypes:2  (KO :CLOSE-ALL-FILES2 (2 (2 ( ^;O Closeallopen lestreamsconnectedtothehost.2 ^ !KO :OPEN-STREAMS2 !2 !2 ! V;O Returnsthelistofallopenstreamsconnectedtothehost.2 V KO :SAMPLE-P|A|THNAME2 2 2  O;O Returnsasamplepathnameobject.-Thispathnameisusedasa2 O ;templateforpathnamestothishost;thecomponen~tsarenot lled2  ;;in,exceptforthehostitself.2 ; 5O14.2)ObtainingHostAddresses2 2  tKO ThefolloRwingfunctionsareprovidedforprogrammingwithnetworkaddresses.2 t wF|unction2 w2 wKO ip:parse-in~ternet-addressOaddress2 w -`O PRarses OaddressO into a numericInternet address.Oaddress O can be a number,2 - c`astring,Rasymbol,orahostobject.Symbolsandstringsareparsedfor2 c `dotteddecimalornRumericformat.Givenahostobject,its rstInternet2  O`addressisreturned(an~um~ber),orNIL.2 O A`Thesecondv}aluereturned,ifnon-NIL,isahostobjectcorrespondingto2 A w`thespeci edOaddressO .2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91192 O2 O2  w @-F|unction2 @2 @aO chaos:address-parseOaddress2 @ vvO CoercestheargumenRtintoachaosnetaddress.Theargumentcanbea2 v ,vhostname,ahostobject,oranaddress.2 , vThesecondv}aluereturned,ifnon-NIL,isahostobjectcorrespondingto2  TvthegivenOaddressO .2 T f-F|unction2 f2 faO net:parse-addressOaddressRnet~work-t~ype&optional(start2 f 10)end2  RvO GivRenastring,parsesitasanaddressforOnetwork-typeO ,akeyword2 R v(:CHAOSor:INTERNET).2  -F|unction2 2 aO net:unparse-addressOaddressnetw~ork-type2  OvO Returns the unparsed form of a givRen network O address O for the appropriate2 O vnet~workindicatedbRyO network-typeO (:CHAOSor:INTERNET).Thisis2  ;vuseful, forR example, whenprintinganaddressobtainedfromahostobject.2 ; -vChaosaddressesaretranslatedinRtoastringrepresentationofthecorre-2 - cvspondingRoctaladdressnumber.2 c UvInRternetaddressesaretranslatedintodotted-decimalstrings.2 U KO14.3)LocalHostVyariables2 2  aO Severalv}ariablesholdinformationrelatedtothelocalhost.2  8V|ariable2 2 aO si:local-host2  UvO Thisisthehostobjectforthismachine(theonethatisrunning).2 U g8V|ariable2 g2 gaO si:local-host-name2 g vO Thisisthefullnameofthismachineasahost.2  .8V|ariable2 .2 .aO si:local-pretty-host-name2 . dvO ThisisaprettRyformofthenameofthismachine.2 d v8V|ariable2 v2 vaO si:local- nger-location2 v ,vO ThisisastringconRtainingthemachineloRcationinformationforthelocal2 , bvhostasenRteredinthe leO "O SYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISPO "O .*Thisshould2 b vincludethenameoftheprimaryuserorotherdescriptiv~einformationto2  NvbeprinRtedbyO ngerO .2 N2 w [[U2  O5O 1209Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @"V|ariable2 @2 @KO si:local- oor-location2 @ v`O ThisisalsoastringconRtainingpartofthemachinelocationinformation2 v ,`forthelocalhostasenRteredinthe leO "O SYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISPO "O .2 , b`T|raditionally|,thisisalistdescribingthebuildingnameand oorwhere2 b `themac~hineislocated.2  !"V|ariable2 !2 !KO si:associated-mac~hine2 ! W`O Defaultmac~hineforlocatinglogindirectories(ahostobject).Theasso-2 W  `ciatedmacRhineisassignedforeachhostinO "O SYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISPO "O .2  S5O14.4)Comm~unicationsStreams2 S2 S EKO CommRunicationsstreamsprovidetechniquesforwritingprogramsthatmake2 E {K\directconRtact"withaspeci cnetworkprotocolorserver.Remote lestreams2 { 1KareopRenedinthenormalw~ay(asdescribedintheO LISPMachineManualO ),2 1 gKsimplybyusingaremotehost'spathnameaspartoftheO OPENO form.2 g YKThematerialinthissectiondescribestheuseofstreamsatalo~werlev~el.Before2 Y Kattemptingtowriteprogramsusingcommunicationsstreams,besuretoread2  EKthematerialonstreamsintheO LISPMachineManualO .2 E 7KTRypicalapplicationsofthesetechniquesincludethedevelopmentofacustom2 7 mKservRerprogram,orthedevelopmentofauserinterfacetoaworkingserver.2 m !5O14.4.1"ChaosnetAccess2 !2 ! KO TherearetwodistinctmecRhanismsforcommunicatingwithChaosnetservers:2  IKstreams,and\simple"connections.#F|oreacRhservertypRe,thepropermethod2 I Km~ustbReused.Examplesofbothmethodsarepro~videdinChapter13.2  35O14.4.1.1#ChaosnetStreams2 32 3 %KO chaos:open-streamRO opensanI/Ostreamconnectiontoa(normallyremote)2 % [Kserv~er.2 [ cF|unction2 c2 cKO chaos:open-streamOhostconRtact-name&key(window-size2 c default-window-size)(timeout(*1060))(direction:bidirec-2  Otional)(errort)(characterst)ascii-translation)2 O `O OpenachaosnetconnectionandreturnanI/Ostream.2  w`OhostO isthehosttoconnectto.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91212 O2 O2  w @vThe argumenRt Ocontact-name O should be a string which contains the server's2 @ vvprotocolnameaswRellasanyargumentshandledbytheserveruponthe2 v ,vinitialconnection.2 , vTheRkeywordargumentsare:2  0@-2 0nO:windoRw-sizeO -numberofpacketstoallowintransittothishost2 0 fnovertheconnection.2 f 0@-2 0nO:timeoutO -hoRwlongtowaitbeforeassumingthehostisdown.2 0 z@-2 znO:ascii-translationO -ifnon-NIL,assumethedataontheconnection2 z /nisinASCIIandtranslatetoandfromtheLispmacRhinecharacter2 / ensetasappropriate.2 e /@-2 /nO:directionO , O:c~haractersO , O:error O - as in O OPENO ; defaults to O:bidirectionalO .2 / @aF{olloRwingisanexampleillustratingthespeci cationofacontactname."The2 @ va rst example speci es O "O EVzALO "O ,R the server name,as the con~tact name;the second2 v ,aexamplealsoincludesargumenRtstotheserver.2 , X;O (chaos:open-stream"lambda-host""EVAL"..)2 X  ;(chaos:open-stream"unix-host""EVALls-l"..)2  aO NoticeRabovethattheLam~bdaEVzALserv~erdoesnottak~eanyarguments,but2  >asome Unix EVzAL servRer implementations do take argumentsspecifyingthe com-2 > tamand(s)tobeexecuted.2 t faTheOtimeoutO argumentappliesonlytotheinitialattemptstoconnect;input2 f aopRerationswillhangforev~erifthereisnoinputpendingfromtheremoteserv~er.2  RaF{orthisreason,itcanbRediculttoimplementcomplexI/Otransactionsbe-2 R atweenauserandservRer.F|ortunately|,mostoftheserverspresentlittlediculty2  >ainthisregard.2 > 0aDepRendingonthev~alueoftheopenmodeO:directionO ,thetypicalstreaminput2 0 faopRerations(O :t~yi,:line-inO )and/oroutputoperations(O :tyo,:line-outO )Rma~ybeused2 f aonthereturnedChaosnetconnection.OtherstandardI/Ooperationssuchas2  RaO :closeO arealsode ned.ThRus,standardhigher-levelfunctionsmaybeused,such2 R aas:2  &O2 YO READ2  d&O2 dYO WRITE,PRINT2 d -&O2 -YO READLINE,READ-LINE2 - w&O2 wYO WRITE-LINE2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1229Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @O2 @CO CLOSE2 @ O2 CO WITH-OPEN-STREAM2  KSomeservRers(suchasEV{AL)receiveandtransmitusingASCIIcharacters;in2  ;Kthesecases,theO:ascii-translationO argumenRtmustbRespeci ednon-NIL.Itmay2 ; qKbRe still necessary to perform some character translation, for example to translate2 q 'Kline-terminatingc~haracters.2 ' `5O14.4.1.2#SimpleChaosnetTzransactions2 `2 ` RKO chaos:simpleO isusedwithservRers(suchasTIME)thatdonotattempttoopen2 R Kconnections,butwhicRhmerelyreturnananswertotherequestforconnection.2  F|unction2 2 KO chaos:simpleOaddresscon~tact-name&optional(timeout2  H600.)2 H ~`O SendamessagetoOconRtact-nameO atOaddressO ,expectingoneANSpacket2 ~ 4`inreturn.Noconnectionisestablished;iftheotherhosttriestocreate2 4 j`aconnection,Ritisconsideredanerror.(Ifsuccessful,theANSpack~et2 j  `objectisreturned.Otherwise,astringdescribingthereasonsforfailure2  V`isreturned.OtimeoutO ishoRwlongtowaitbReforegivingup,inunits60per2 V  `second.2  KNormally|,RaChaosANSpacketisreturnedb~yO chaos:simpleO ,andthepacket's2  MKcon~ten~tsRmustbedecomposed.ThefunctionO chaos:pkt-stringO returnsthedata2 M Kcon~ten~tsofapac~k~etasastring.2  uKF{orexample:2 u !%O (chaos:pkt-string(chaos:simple"IT""UPTIME"))2 !2 w [[U2  OSO 1232 O2 O2  w d)OP}art'III2 d n|OAppendices2 n2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1249Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91252 O2 O2  w  h OAppendix!A2 h TBHost/System!T}ypes2 T2  JKOA.1*LISPMacR~hineSystemTypes2 J2 J BKOA.1.1"LISPM-LISPMac~hineHosts2 B2 B 4aO AllMIT-tRypeLISPmachines{Lambdas,CADRs,Explorers,andSymbolics{2 4 jaarede nedasO "O LISPM,LISPMO "O inLambdasite les.2 j UKMac~hinet~ypes:2 U2 UO keithO >O release-4O >O le.text.4O "2 w2 w2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1269Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5OA.2*UNIXHosts2 @2 @ 2KO Thishostand le-systemtRypeprovidespathnameparsingfunctionalitycom-2 2 hKpatiblewithmostUniximplemen~tations.,Somecommonextensionsarenot2 h Kimplemented.2  KF{orexample,ApRollopathnamescannotbeconstructedwithreferencestoother2  FKnodesonthenetw~ork.2 F 8KAlso, the standard Unix directory line parser may not function with some remote2 8 nKhosts.WhilemostUnixFTPservRersprovidealistingfromthecommandO "O ls-lO "2 n $KO inaformatthatisgenerallyaccepted,somedonot.2 $ KSee11.1.1.2,UnixP~athnames,forfurtherinformation.2  5Mac~hinet~ypes:2 2 &NU(LamRbda-Plus),V{AX,SUN,APOLLO,2 2 2  8&SGI,MASSCOMP2 82 82 8 n5Hosttype:2 n2 n&FS::UNIX-HOST2 n2 n2 n $5Hostmixin:2 $2 $&SI:HOST-UNIX-MIXIN2 $2 $2 $ Z5Parsingdirectories:2 Z2 Z&FS::UNIX-DIRECTOR{Y-LINE-P|ARSER2 Z2 Z2 Z 5Pathname av~or:2 2 &FS::UNIX-P|A{THNAME2 2 2  F5Examplepathname:2 F2 F&O "O LURCH://keith//release-4// le.txO "2 F2 F2 F |5OA.2.1"UNIX-SGIFile-SystemType2 |2 | mKO TheO :UNIX-SGIO le-systemt~ypReshouldbespeci edforSiliconGraphicsUnix2 m #Ksystems.$ThisisproRvidedtoaccomodateaknownexceptiontothestandard2 # YKUnixdirectorylineparsing.2 Y E5Parsingdirectories:2 E2 E&FS::UNIX-SGI-DIRECTOR|Y-LINE-P{ARSER2 E2 E2 E 5OA.3*DECHosts2 2 A5OA.3.1"DECVxAX/VMSHosts2 A2 A 3KO VMSpathnamesfolloRwV|ersion4namingconventions,butnamelengthlimita-2 3 iKtionsarenotimposed.DevRelopersmayneedtotransform lenames,sincemany2 i KcRharacterspermittedbytheLambRdawillnotbeacceptabletoVMS.2  5StandardmacRhinetype:2 2 &V{AX2 2 2 A5Hosttype:2 A2 A&FS::VMS-HOST2 A2 A2 A w5Hostmixin:2 w2 w&SI:HOST-VMS-MIXIN2 w2 w2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91272 O2 O2  w @KParsingdirectories:2 @2 @O FILE.TEXT.4O "2 M2 M2 M KOA.4*MiscellaneousHosts2 2  qKOA.4.1"ITS-IncompatibleTimeSharingSystemHosts2 q2 q ]KO StandardmacRhinetype:2 ]2 ]O k~eithO >O release4O >O le.textO "2 V2 V2 V 3KOA.4.3"TENEXHosts2 32 3 KO StandardmacRhinetype:2 2 O FILE.TEXT;4O "2 w2 w2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1289Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5OA.4.4"LMFILEFile-SystemT~ype2 @2 @ 2KO This lesystemtRypereferstoanobsoletetypeofLISPmachinelocal leaccess.2 2 5Hosttype/ leaccess:2 2 &FS::LMFILE-HOST2 2 2  W5OA.4.5"DEFyAR~ULzTHostType2 W2 W IKO TheO DEF{ARUL|TO hosttypeisprovidedforO ad-ho}cO hostde nition(whennothing2 I Kelsewilldo).!Notethatyoucannotcreatepathnamesforahostwithsystem2  5KtypeDEFzAUL|T.2 5  5StandardmacRhinetype:2  2  &DEF{AUL|T2  2  2  V5Hostmixin:2 V2 V&SI::DEFzA~UL|T-SYSTEM-TYPE-MIXIN2 V2 V2 V  5F{orde ninghost:2  2  &SI::DEFzA~UL|T-HOST2  2  2  2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91292 O2 O2  w  vOAppendix!B2 v \VUnix!Comm}unications2 \2  JKOB.1)LamR~bda-PlusUnixNetworkingArchitecture2 J2 J <aO The LamRbda-Plus System 5 Unix software includes an implementation of Chaos-2 < ranet.Normally|,Lam~bRda-PlusUnixusesaconnectedLISPprocessorasafront-2 r (aendChaosnetserver.)How~ever,itispossibleforUnixtocon~trolthe3COM2 ( ^ahardwareRinterface,andthusaccesstheph~ysicalnet~workdirectly;butthisisnot2 ^ arecommended,sinceitpreven~tstheLISPprocessor(s)fromusingthe3COM.2  aTheUnixutilitiesO hostatO [Unix]andO cftpO (ChaosnetFileT|ransferProgram)pro-2  <avidefunctionalitRysimilartotheirLISPprogramcounterparts.2 < .aNotethatLambRda-PlusUnixdoesnotsupporttheExcelaninterface,anddoes2 . danotproRvideanyTCP/IPaccess.However,thereisawayforLambda-PlusUnix2 d ahosts to accessTCP/IP indirectly|,using the fronRt-end service of a Lambda LISP2  Pahost.AusercanrunO cftpO toissue letransferrequeststoaremoteChaosnet2 P ahost,RspecifyingaremoteTCPpathname,andtheremoteChaosnethostwill2  ;aforwRardthe leviaChaosnet.Seebelowforanexample.2 ; KOB.2)UnixChaosnetCon guration2 2  taO TheproRcessofrecon guringChaosnetonaLam~bda-PlusUnixhostisdocu-2 t *amenRtedintheORelease3.0LambRdaOperationsManRualO .Thissectionisintended2 * `atoproRvideadditionalbackgroundmaterial.2 `2 w [[U2  O5O 1309Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5OB.2.1"UnixChaosnetStartup2 @2 @ 2KO The leO "O /etc/inittabO "O distributedwithSystem5de nesmulti-userinitializa-2 2 hKtionsforChaosnet,asfollows:2 h %chi1::sysinit:/etc/c~hinitO >O /dev/syscon2O >O &12  F%chi2::sysinit:/etc/c~hserv~erRO >O /dev/null2O >O &12 F DKThesemaRybecommentedout,orthedesiredrun-levelforChaosnetmaybe2 D zKestablished(forexample,O "O chi1:2a:...O "O w~ouldinitializeChaosnetwhengoingto2 z 0Krun-levRel2,whichistherecommendedrun-level).2 0 "KThestartupscriptO /etc/rc2O distributedwithSystem5alsomakResaprovisionfor2 " XKinitializingChaosnet.Itincludesthefollowingcommands:2 X %O #starttheCHAOSnetserver,ifit'snotalreadyrunning...2  6%ifgrep"chserver$"<$ps>/dev/null2>&1;then:;else2 6 hv/etc/chserver>/dev/null2>&1;echo"chserver\c"2 h %fi2  KO ThRuswhenUnixisbootedmulti-user,theO chserverO serverprogramwillenable2  NK letransfer,inRter-processorcommunications,andotherChaosnetservices.2 N @KIt maRy be necessary to reset Chaosnet and re-initialize the server programs if, for2 @ vKexample,thehosttablehasbReenmodi ed.ThefolloRwingscriptisnotprovided2 v ,KwithSystem5,butitcanbecreatedandruntoresetChaosnet:2 , X%O #!/bin/sh2 X  %##/etc/chreset2  <%###ResetChaosnet2 < %#Readinprocessstatusinfo2  %ps=/tmp/chreset-ps2  5%ps-e|grep"chserver$">$ps2 5 %#killtheChaosnetserver,ifit'srunning...2  |%ifgrep"chserver$"<$ps>/dev/null2>&1;then2 | .v(awk'{print"kill",$1}'<$ps)|tee|sh2 . `%else2 ` vecho"Chaosserversnotrunning."2  C%fi2 C2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91312 O2 O2  w @;O sleep52 @ $;ps-e|grep"chserver$">$ps2 $ V;ifgrep"chserver$"<$ps>/dev/null2>&1;then2 V  echo"Chaosserversrefusedtodie."2  9;else2 9 k /etc/chinit;echo"chinit\c"2 k  /etc/chserver>/dev/null2>&1;echo"chserver\c"2  O echo"\nChaosnetreset`date`\n"2 O ;fi2  d;rm$ps2 d KOB.2.2"AllocatingtheEthernetIn~terface2 2  aO Asnotedpreviously|,normalChaosnetoperationsin~volveaconnectedLISPpro-2  FacessoractingasaninRtermediaryorfront-endserver.Butifa3COMEthernet2 F |abRoardisa~v~ailablewhenUnixboots,theLambda-Plusprocessorwillallocateit2 | 2adirectly|.2 2 $aUnix can also alloRcate the 3COM on request;this may be necessary|, for example,2 $ ZaiftheLISPprocessorisshRutdownforanextendedtime.Deviceallocationis2 Z aconRtrolled with the utility program O /etc/ckO , which displays or modi es the status2  FaofdevicessharedbRetw~eenLISPandUnixprocessors.2 F 8aF{orexample,thecommandO /etc/ck-aO displaRysthestatusofeachshareddevice.2 8 naThedevice\Ethernet"referstothe3COMboard,whichisnormallylistedas2 n $a\o~wnedRbylambdainslot0".2 $ aThecommandO /etc/ck-fethernetOfreesO the3COMboardforusebyanother2  Laprocessor.2 L >aThecommandO /etc/ck-tethernetOstealsO the3COMboardawa~yfromitsowner2 > tasothatUnixmaRyallocateit.Atthispoint,resettingtheChaosnetsoftware(see2 t *aabo~v~e)willcauseChaosnettousethehardwRaredirectly|,thusaccessingremote2 * `aChaosnethostsonthephRysicalnetwork.2 ` RaThecorrectproRceduretopassthe3COMboardfromLISPtoUnixisasfollows:2 R ~;O InLISP-2 ~ bU(setqsi:dont-use-3comt)2 b U(si:set-processor-owning-ethernet:give-up:3com)2  EU(net:configure)2 E2 w [[U2  O5O 1329Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @%O InUnix-2 @ r?/etc/ck-tethernet2 r pKO W{arning:O thisshouldneverbRedonewhenaLISPprocessorisoperatingwith2 p &Kthe3COMinterface.2 & c5OB.3)UnixRNet}w~orkingOperations2 c2 c UKO TheinformationinthissectionistakRenfrommanualpagesintheUnixdocu-2 U  Kmentationset.2  65OB.3.1"Hostat2 62 6 'KO Synopsis:2 ' T%O hostat[hosts]2 T RKO Description:2 R DKHostat repRorts on the status of Chaosnet hosts.Zero or more host names may be2 D zKsuppliedonthecommandline.Ifnohostnamesaresupplied,allhostspresent2 z 0Kinthebinaryhost-tableO /etc/hostbinO arepolledforstatus.2 0 "KThefolloRwingitemsarereported(numbersaredecimalunlessindicatedother-2 " XKwise):hostname,Roctalhostaddress,oRctalsubnetn~umber,numberofpackets2 X KreceivRedandtransmitted,numberofpacketsabortedandlost,numberofpack-2  DKetshaRvinginv}alidchecksums,numberofpacketshavinganinv}alidlength,and2 D zKn~umberofpacketsrejectedforlac~kofsystembu erspace.2 z lKIfahostdoResnotrespondwithinatimeoutperiod(about15seconds),hostat2 l "KskipsitandgoResontothenexthost.Theusermaycauseahosttobeskipped2 " XKbReforethetimeoutperiodexpiresbRytypingtheinterruptcharacterontheter-2 X Kminal.)Tw~oRin~terruptcharacterstypedinrapidsuccessionwillaborthostat2  DKen~tirely{.2 D 5KExample:2 5 b%O%hostatit2 b %LMI-COUSIN-IT(03741):CousinIt2  E%subnetrcvdxmtdabrtWlostWcrc1Wcrc2WlengWrej2 E w%7R224615m228555m33000002 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91332 O2 O2  w @;O%2 @ yKOB.3.2"CFTP-ChaosnetFileTzransferProgram2 y2 y kaO TheUnixO cftpO programproRvidesfunctionalityanalogoustotheTCP/FTPcom-2 k !amandO ftp:ftpO (seepage97).ThisistheonlystandardmethodinUnixforcopy-2 ! Waing,forRexample, lesfromaLambdaLISPsystemintoaUnix lesystem.(In2 W  aLISP|,manRymethodsforcopyingLISP lesovertoaUnixsystemareav}ailable:2  CaO fs:copy- leO ,ZMacs,etc.)2 C 5aThe proRcedure for using O cftp O in~v~olves opening a connection to a remote Chaosnet2 5 kahostandsendingit letransferand/orstatusrequests.Theremotehostnor-2 k  amallyparsesthepathnamesitreceivReswithrespecttoitsownparsingschemes.2  VaThis pro~vides one useful feature:a Unix usercantransfer lesfrom remote TCP2 V  ahostsviaaChaosnethost.2  ~aF{orexample,iftheconnectedLISPmachinehostisO MYHOSTO ,andthereisa2 ~ 4aremoteRTCP/IPV{AXhostO MY-VzAXO ,thefollowingprocedurecouldbeusedto2 4 jatransfera lefromtheVzAXtothelocalUnixhost:2 j ;O %Ocftpm~yhost2  H;O cftp>Ogetmy-v}ax:[keith]login.com2 H z;O LoginID:Ok~eith2 z ,;O Password:2 , ^;Tolocalfile:O/tmp/login.com2 ^ ;O OPEN2505/07/8811:52:001536NIL2  A;VAX:USER_DISK:[USERS.KEITH]LOGIN.COM;252 A %;1213bytesin1seconds=1.18457Kbitspersecond2 % W;cftp>Oquit2 W  ;O %2  aO T|oreviewthedocumenRtationoneachcommand,executeO mancftpO .2 2 w [[U2  O5O 1349Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91352 O2 O2  w  X .$OConcept!Index2 .2  w ?KOA2 ? yKOaborting hung connections2 y.J y&.p y' . y&.= y&.c y'. y&.0 y' .W y&.} y&.# y2272 y +KAmnesia2 +e . +&.= +&.c +'. +&.0 +' .W +&.} +&.# +'.J +&.p +' . +&.= +&.c +'. +&.0 +' .W +&.} +&.# +2472 + ]Karchitecture2 ]1.c ]'. ]&.0 ]' .W ]&.} ]&.# ]'.J ]&.p ]' . ]&.= ]&.c ]'. ]&.0 ]' .W ]&.} ]-5, 332 ] Kassociated machine2 % .W &.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2512  kKOB2 k %KOBerkeley 4.2 Unix2 % WIP broadcasting2 W% .W W&.} W&.# W'.J W&.p W' . W&.= W&.c W'. W&.0 W' .W W&.} W&.# W2572 W  Kboot order2   .=  &.c  '.  &.0  ' .W  &.}  &.#  '.J  &.p  ' .  &.=  &.c  '.  &.0  ' .W  &.}  &.#  E72  ;Kbooting from selected band2 ;.J ;&.p ;' . ;&.= ;&.c ;'. ;&.0 ;' .W ;&.} ;&.# ;2742 ; "KOC2 " \KOChaosnet2 \ host status2 X. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2862  @mail servers2 @X. @&.0 @' .W @&.} @&.# @'.J @&.p @' . @&.= @&.c @'. @&.0 @' .W @&.} @&.# @2602 @ KOD2  WKOdirectory line parsing2 WK.} W&.# W'.J W&.p W' . W&.= W&.c W'. W&.0 W' .W W&.} W&.# W2482 W  Kdisk devices2  1.c  '.  &.0  ' .W  &.}  &.#  '.J  &.p  ' .  &.=  &.c  '.  &.0  ' .W  &.}  &.#  2592  ;Kdisk unit2 ;e . ;&.= ;&.c ;'. ;&.0 ;' .W ;&.} ;&.# ;'.J ;&.p ;' . ;&.= ;&.c ;'. ;&.0 ;' .W ;&.} ;&.# ;2942 ; lKdisk-sa~ve2 le . l&.= l&.c l'. l&.0 l' .W l&.} l&.# l'.J l&.p l' . l&.= l&.c l'. l&.0 l' .W l&.} l&.# l2732 l Kdotted decimal notation2 q.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2442  {KOF2 { 5KO le access methods2 5% .W 5&.} 5&.# 5'.J 5&.p 5' . 5&.= 5&.c 5'. 5&.0 5' .W 5&.} 5&.# 52802 5 gK le access paths2 gX. g&.0 g' .W g&.} g&.# g'.J g&.p g' . g&.= g&.c g'. g&.0 g' .W g&.} g&.# g2292 g K le system type2 X. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2482  KK le system types2 K~.0 K' .W K&.} K&.# K'.J K&.p K' . K&.= K&.c K'. K&.0 K' .W K&.} K&.# K2592 K |KFinger program2 |X. |&.0 |' .W |&.} |&.# |'.J |&.p |' . |&.= |&.c |'. |&.0 |' .W |&.} |&.# |2562 | .KfronRt-end TCP Chaos server2 .>.p .' . .&.= .&.c .'. .&.0 .<5, 15, 302 . `KFTP command2 `X. `&.0 `' .W `&.} `&.# `'.J `&.p `' . `&.= `&.c `'. `&.0 `' .W `&.} `&.# `2252 ` =KOH2 = wKOhardware initialization2 wK.} w&.# w'.J w&.p w' . w&.= w&.c w'. w&.0 w' .W w&.} w&.# w2222 w2 w ? host arguments2 ?-._ ?&. ?' ., ?&.R ?&.x ?'. ?&.E ?' .l ?&. ?&.8 ?'._ ?&. ?' ., ?&.R ?&.x ?2972 ? q host name2 q`. q&.8 q'._ q&. q' ., q&.R q&.x q'. q&.E q' .l q&. q&.8 q'._ q&. q' ., q@11, 372 q " host object2 "`. "&.8 "'._ "&. "' ., "&.R "&.x "'. "&.E "' .l "&. "&.8 "'._ "&. "' ., "-48, 1162 "  OI2  P OImagen printer2 P-._ P&. P' ., P&.R P&.x P'. P&.E P' .l P&. P&.8 P'._ P&. P' ., P-26, 1022 P [Impress format2 z ., &.R &.x '. &.E ' .l &. &.8 '._ &. ' ., &.R D1032  4 initializations2 4 f[Chaosnet services2 f .R f&.x f'. f&.E f' .l f&. f&.8 f'._ f&. f' ., f&.R f&.x f2562 f [network con guration2 m. &.E ' .l &. &.8 '._ &. ' ., &.R &.x 2372  I[system default2 IS. I' ., I&.R I&.x I'. I&.E I' .l I&. I&.8 I'._ I&. I' ., I&.R I&.x I2542 I {[system time2 {-._ {&. {' ., {&.R {&.x {'. {&.E {' .l {&. {&.8 {'._ {&. {' ., {&.R {&.x {2552 { - Internet addresses2 -S. -' ., -&.R -&.x -'. -&.E -' .l -&. -&.8 -'._ -&. -' ., -&.R -&.x -2452 - _ Internet classes2 _-._ _&. _' ., _&.R _&.x _'. _&.E _' .l _&. _&.8 _'._ _&. _' ., _&.R _&.x _2452 _ H OL2 H  OLambda-Plus2 .8 '._ &. ' ., &.R &.x '. &.E ' .l &. &.8 '._ &. ' ., @7, 1292  v OM2 v 0 Omachine locations2 0S. 0' ., 0&.R 0&.x 0'. 0&.E 0' .l 0&. 0&.8 0'._ 0&. 0' ., 0&.R 0&.x 02512 0 b mail2 b [bug reports2 -._ &. ' ., &.R &.x '. &.E ' .l &. &.8 '._ &. ' ., &.R &.x 2612  E[default protocol2 Ez ., E&.R E&.x E'. E&.E E' .l E&. E&.8 E'._ E&. E' ., E&.R E&.x E2612 E w[restricting F}rom eld2 wF.x w'. w&.E w' .l w&. w&.8 w'._ w&. w' ., w&.R w&.x w2612 w ) microcode2 )`. )&.8 )'._ )&. )' ., )&.R )&.x )'. )&.E )' .l )&. )&.8 )'._ )&. )' ., )&.R )&.x )2832 )  ON2  L Onetwork2 L: .l L&. L&.8 L'._ L&. L' ., L&.R L&.x L'. L&.E L' .l L&. L&.8 L'._ L&. L' ., L&.R LD1012 L ~ Network command (see Peek)2 ~: .l ~&. ~&.8 ~'._ ~&. ~' ., ~&.R ~&.x ~2862 ~ 0 network names2 0-._ 0&. 0' ., 0&.R 0&.x 0'. 0&.E 0' .l 0&. 0&.8 0'._ 0&. 0' ., 0&.R 0&.x 02522 0 b[restart2 b`. b&.8 b'._ b&. b' ., b&.R b&.x b'. b&.E b' .l b&. b&.8 b'._ b&. b' ., b&.R b&.x b2862 b [services2 `. &.8 '._ &. ' ., &.R &.x '. &.E ' .l &. &.8 '._ &. ' ., &.R &.x 2812  E network services2 E w[enabling/disabling2 w .R w&.x w'. w&.E w' .l w&. w&.8 w'._ w&. w' ., w@81, 852 w2 w2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1369Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w  @pOsh~ut-down2 @B.t @&. @' .A @&.g @&. @'.4 @&.Z @' . @&.' @&.M @'.t @&. @' .A @&.g @&. @2792 @ rpstart-up2 r.M r'.t r&. r' .A r&.g r&. r'.4 r&.Z r' . r&.' r&.M r'.t r&. r' .A r&.g r&. r2792 r $pstatistics2 $.M $'.t $&. $' .A $&.g $&. $'.4 $&.Z $' . $&.' $&.M $'.t $&. $)22, 83, 852 $ 5OP2  K5Opack name2 Ku.' K&.M K'.t K&. K' .A K&.g K&. K'.4 K&.Z K' . K&.' K&.M K811, 18, 37, 472 K }5packet bu ers2 }B.t }&. }' .A }&.g }&. }'.4 }&.Z }' . }&.' }&.M }'.t }&. }' .A }@83, 872 } /5pathname problems2 / .A /&.g /&. /'.4 /&.Z /' . /&.' /&.M /'.t /&. /' .A /&.g /&. /2972 / `5Peek2 ` pChaosnet2 .M '.t &. ' .A &.g &. '.4 &.Z ' . &.' &.M '.t &. ' .A &.g &. 2862  Dphostat2 Du.' D&.M D'.t D&. D' .A D&.g D&. D'.4 D&.Z D' . D&.' D&.M D'.t D&. D' .A D&.g D&. D2862 D vpnetwork2 v.M v'.t v&. v' .A v&.g v&. v'.4 v&.Z v' . v&.' v&.M v'.t v&. v' .A v@22, 852 v (5ping2 (.4 (&.Z (' . (&.' (&.M ('.t (&. (' .A (&.g (&. ('.4 (&.Z (' . (&.' (&.M ('.t (&. (' .A (&.g (&. (2822 ( Y5pretty name2 Y.M Y'.t Y&. Y' .A Y&.g Y&. Y'.4 Y&.Z Y' . Y&.' Y&.M Y'.t Y&. Y' .A Y&.g Y&. Y2512 Y  5printer setup2  .M  '.t  &.  ' .A  &.g  &.  '.4  &.Z  ' .  &.'  &.M  '.t  &.  ' .A  &.g  &.  2572  =5printer, default2 =B.t =&. =' .A =&.g =&. ='.4 =&.Z =' . =&.' =&.M ='.t =&. =' .A =&.g =&. =2582 = *5OR2 * d5Oremote logins2 d.M d'.t d&. d' .A d&.g d&. d'.4 d&.Z d' . d&.' d&.M d'.t d&. d' .A d&.g d&. d2982 d Q5OS2 Q  5Oset current band2  h.  ' .A  &.g  &.  '.4  &.Z  ' .  &.'  &.M  '.t  &.  ' .A  &.g  &.  2742  =5site les2 = opchec~k-list2 o.M o'.t o&. o' .A o&.g o&. o'.4 o&.Z o' . o&.' o&.M o'.t o&. o' .A o@18, 682 o !pcompiling2 !.M !'.t !&. !' .A !&.g !&. !'.4 !&.Z !' . !&.' !&.M !'.t !&. !' .A !&.g !&. !2692 ! Spediting2 Su.' S&.M S'.t S&. S' .A S&.g S&. S'.4 S&.Z S' . S&.' S&.M S'.t S&. S' .A S&.g S&. S2682 S pfrom previous releases2 .4 &.Z ' . &.' &.M '.t &. ' .A @13, 662  6ploading2 6u.' 6&.M 6'.t 6&. 6' .A 6&.g 6&. 6'.4 6&.Z 6' . 6&.' 6&.M 6'.t 6&. 6' .A 6&.g 6&. 62692 6 hpremote2 hu.' h&.M h'.t h&. h' .A h&.g h&. h'.4 h&.Z h' . h&.' h&.M h'.t h&. h' .A h&.g h&. h2662 h psample les2 B.t &. ' .A &.g &. '.4 &.Z ' . &.' &.M '.t &. ' .A @62, 662 2  @ site name2 @J.| @&." @'.I @&.o @' . @&.< @&.b @'. @&./ @' .V @&.| @&." @'.I @&.o @' . @@49, 542 @ r source directories2 r=.o r' . r&.< r&.b r'. r&./ r' .V r&.| r&." r'.I r&.o r' . r&.< r&.b r2132 r $ startup initializations2 $ .< $&.b $'. $&./ $' .V $&.| $&." $'.I $&.o $' . $@37, 542 $ V subnet mask2 Vp." V'.I V&.o V' . V&.< V&.b V'. V&./ V' .V V&.| V&." V'.I V&.o V' . V@46, 522 V  system host2 p." '.I &.o ' . &.< &.b '. &./ ' .V &.| &." '.I &.o ' . &.< &.b 2612  w OT2 w 2 OTCP2 2}./ 2' .V 2&.| 2&." 2'.I 2&.o 2' . 2&.< 2&.b 2'. 2&./ 2' .V 2&.| 2&." 2'.I 2&.o 2' . 2&.< 2&.b 22352 2 cEand Lambda-Plus2 c .< c&.b c'. c&./ c' .V c&.| c&." c'.I c&.o c' . c&.< c&.b cE72 c Ecompatibility with earlier releases2 .I &.o ' . &.< &.b 2282  GEDISK2 G$ .V G&.| G&." G'.I G&.o G' . G&.< G&.b G'. G&./ G' .V G&.| G&." G'.I G&.o G' . G&.< G&.b G2262 G yEDISK protocol2 y=.o y' . y&.< y&.b y'. y&./ y' .V y&.| y&." y'.I y&.o y' . y&.< y&.b y2302 y +Efeatures2 +J.| +&." +'.I +&.o +' . +&.< +&.b +'. +&./ +' .V +&.| +&." +'.I +&.o +' . +&.< +&.b +2362 + \Efrom Unix2 \.I \&.o \' . \&.< \&.b \'. \&./ \' .V \&.| \&." \'.I \&.o \' . \&.< \D1292 \ EFTP2 $ .V &.| &." '.I &.o ' . &.< &.b '. &./ ' .V &.| &." '.I &.o ' . @25, 972  @Egateways2 @p." @'.I @&.o @' . @&.< @&.b @'. @&./ @' .V @&.| @&." @'.I @&.o @' . @&.< @&.b @2432 @ rEmail servers2 r.I r&.o r' . r&.< r&.b r'. r&./ r' .V r&.| r&." r'.I r&.o r' . r&.< r&.b r2602 r $Esite le changes2 $d . $&.< $&.b $'. $&./ $' .V $&.| $&." $'.I $&.o $' . $&.< $&.b $2622 $ UEstart-up2 Up." U'.I U&.o U' . U&.< U&.b U'. U&./ U' .V U&.| U&." U'.I U&.o U' . U&.< U&.b U2222 U ET}elnet2 J.| &." '.I &.o ' . &.< &.b '. &./ ' .V &.| &." '.I &.o ' . @25, 982  9 TCP-only Lambdas2 9d . 9&.< 9&.b 9'. 9&./ 9' .V 9&.| 9&." 9'.I 9&.o 9' . 9@15, 292 9 k terminal access2 k.I k&.o k' . k&.< k&.b k'. k&./ k' .V k&.| k&." k'.I k&.o k' . k&.< k&.b k2982 k  time server2 J.| &." '.I &.o ' . &.< &.b '. &./ ' .V &.| &." '.I &.o ' . &.< &.b 2552  O timezone2 O$ .V O&.| O&." O'.I O&.o O' . O&.< O&.b O'. O&./ O' .V O&.| O&." O'.I O&.o O' . O&.< O&.b O2552 O 4 OU2 4 n OUnix access to TCP/IP2 n0.b n'. n&./ n' .V n&.| n&." n'.I n&.o n' . n&.< nD1292 n ` OZ2 `  OZMail2 }./ ' .V &.| &." '.I &.o ' . &.< &.b '. &./ ' .V &.| &." '.I &.o ' . &.< &.b 2612 2 2 2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91372 O2 O2  w  ` 6OSoft}w~are!Index2 62  w ?KO*2 ? yKOzwei:*converse-gagged*2 yq.# y'.J y&.p y' . y&.= y&.c y'. y&.0 y' .W y&.} yD1072 y +Kzwei:*converse-wait-p*2 +K.} +&.# +'.J +&.p +' . +&.= +&.c +'. +&.0 +' .W +&.} +D1082 + ]Ksi:*default-bit-array-printer*2 ]>.p ]' . ]&.= ]&.c ]'. ]&.0 ]' .W ]&.} ]&.# ]2582 ] Ksi:*default-printer*2 % .W &.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2582  @Ktiger:*default-printer-host-alist*2 @e . @&.= @&.c @'. @&.0 @' .W @&.} @&.# @2582 @ rKtv:* nger-arg-alist*2 r% .W r&.} r&.# r'.J r&.p r' . r&.= r&.c r'. r&.0 r' .W r-56, 1072 r $Knet:*net~work-protocols*2 $q.# $'.J $&.p $' . $&.= $&.c $'. $&.0 $' .W $&.} $&.# $2842 $ VKtcpa:*network-services*2 Vq.# V'.J V&.p V' . V&.= V&.c V'. 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S1.L S91022 S /12.3.2SettingImagenHardcopyOptions.a 2. 2.E 2.w 2.) 1.Z 2. 2.> 2.p 2." 1.S 2. 2.7 2.i 2. 1.L 91022 ?/12.3.3Prin~tingtotheImagen.h ?2. ?2.L ?2.~ ?1./ ?2.a ?2. ?2.E ?2.w ?2.) ?1.Z ?2. ?2.> ?2.p ?2." ?1.S ?2. ?2.7 ?2.i ?2. ?1.L ?91032 ? u}12.4Lam~bRdaDISKProtocol.6 u2.h u2. u2.L u2.~ u1./ u2.a u2. u2.E u2.w u2.) u1.Z u2. u2.> u2.p u2." u1.S u2. u2.7 u2.i u2. u1.L u91032 u GK13.ChaosnetServices.o G2.! G2.S G2. G1.6 G2.h G2. G2.L G2.~ G1./ G2.a G2. G2.E G2.w G2.) G1.Z G2. G2.> G2.p G2." G1.S G2. G2.7 G2.i G2. G1.L G91052 G }}13.1Supdup-RemoteLogin.6 }2.h }2. }2.L }2.~ }1./ }2.a }2. }2.E }2.w }2.) }1.Z }2. }2.> }2.p }2." }1.S }2. }2.7 }2.i }2. }1.L }91062 } 3}13.2Name/Finger-UserLoginStatus.~ 31./ 32.a 32. 32.E 32.w 32.) 31.Z 32. 32.> 32.p 32." 31.S 32. 32.7 32.i 32. 31.L 391062 3 i}13.3SEND-BroadcastMessages. i2.L i2.~ i1./ i2.a i2. i2.E i2.w i2.) i1.Z i2. i2.> i2.p i2." i1.S i2. i2.7 i2.i i2. i1.L i91072 i /13.3.1ConRtrollingMessageInterruptions .a 2. 2.E 2.w 2.) 1.Z 2. 2.> 2.p 2." 1.S 2. 2.7 2.i 2. 1.L 91072  U/13.3.2F|unctionInterfaces$.6 U2.h U2. U2.L U2.~ U1./ U2.a U2. U2.E U2.w U2.) U1.Z U2. U2.> U2.p U2." U1.S U2. U2.7 U2.i U2. U1.L U91082 U /13.3.3RConverseInterface. 1.6 2.h 2. 2.L 2.~ 1./ 2.a 2. 2.E 2.w 2.) 1.Z 2. 2.> 2.p 2." 1.S 2. 2.7 2.i 2. 1.L 91092 A}13.4EV{AL-CommandEv}aluationServ~er.a A2. A2.E A2.w A2.) A1.Z A2. A2.> A2.p A2." A1.S A2. A2.7 A2.i A2. A1.L A91092 A w}13.5TIME-TimeofDaRyServer. w2.L w2.~ w1./ w2.a w2. w2.E w2.w w2.) w1.Z w2. w2.> w2.p w2." w1.S w2. w2.7 w2.i w2. w1.L w91112 w2 w [[U2  O5O vi\Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @g13.6UPTIME-HostUptimeServ~er.6 @2.h @1. @2.K @2.} @2./ @2.a @2. @1.D @2.v @2.( @2.Z @2. @1.= @2.o @2.! @2.S @2. @1.6 @91122 @ vg13.7HOST|AB-HostInformationServer. v2.K v2.} v2./ v2.a v2. v1.D v2.v v2.( v2.Z v2. v1.= v2.o v2.! v2.S v2. v1.6 v91132 v E514.Net~workProgrammingT|opics.R E2. E2.6 E2.h E1. E2.K E2.} E2./ E2.a E2. E1.D E2.v E2.( E2.Z E2. E1.= E2.o E2.! E2.S E2. E1.6 E91152 E {g14.1HostObjects-BriefOverview!.6 {2.h {1. {2.K {2.} {2./ {2.a {2. {1.D {2.v {2.( {2.Z {2. {1.= {2.o {2.! {2.S {2. {1.6 {91152 { 114.1.1ObtainingaHostObject. 12.6 12.h 11. 12.K 12.} 12./ 12.a 12. 11.D 12.v 12.( 12.Z 12. 11.= 12.o 12.! 12.S 12. 11.6 191162 1 g14.1.2HostObjectMethods#.R g2. g2.6 g2.h g1. g2.K g2.} g2./ g2.a g2. g1.D g2.v g2.( g2.Z g2. g1.= g2.o g2.! g2.S g2. g1.6 g91172 g J14.1.2.1ObtainingHostA~ttributes$. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 91172  SJ14.1.2.2ObtainingHostAddresses-. S2.K S2.} S2./ S2.a S2. S1.D S2.v S2.( S2.Z S2. S1.= S2.o S2.! S2.S S2. S1.6 S91172 S  J14.1.2.3HostFileOperations.  2.6  2.h  1.  2.K  2.}  2./  2.a  2.  1.D  2.v  2.(  2.Z  2.  1.=  2.o  2.!  2.S  2.  1.6  91182  ?g14.2ObtainingHostAddresses.R ?2. ?2.6 ?2.h ?1. ?2.K ?2.} ?2./ ?2.a ?2. ?1.D ?2.v ?2.( ?2.Z ?2. ?1.= ?2.o ?2.! ?2.S ?2. ?1.6 ?91182 ? ug14.3LocalHostV|ariables(.o u1. u2.R u2. u2.6 u2.h u1. u2.K u2.} u2./ u2.a u2. u1.D u2.v u2.( u2.Z u2. u1.= u2.o u2.! u2.S u2. u1.6 u91192 u +g14.4Comm~unicationsStreams$.R +2. +2.6 +2.h +1. +2.K +2.} +2./ +2.a +2. +1.D +2.v +2.( +2.Z +2. +1.= +2.o +2.! +2.S +2. +1.6 +91202 + a14.4.1ChaosnetAccess*.o a1. a2.R a2. a2.6 a2.h a1. a2.K a2.} a2./ a2.a a2. a1.D a2.v a2.( a2.Z a2. a1.= a2.o a2.! a2.S a2. a1.6 a91202 a J14.4.1.1ChaosnetStreams.R 2. 2.6 2.h 1. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 91202  MJ14.4.1.2SimpleChaosnetT|ransactions.K M2.} M2./ M2.a M2. M1.D M2.v M2.( M2.Z M2. M1.= M2.o M2.! M2.S M2. M1.6 M91222 M 5O PartIII:Appendices O . 2.= 2.o 1. 2.R 2. 2.6 2.h 1. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 91232  j5AppRendixA.Host/SystemT~ypes.R j2. j2.6 j2.h j1. j2.K j2.} j2./ j2.a j2. j1.D j2.v j2.( j2.Z j2. j1.= j2.o j2.! j2.S j2. j1.6 j91252 j  gA.1LISPMacRhineSystemTypes.  2.6  2.h  1.  2.K  2.}  2./  2.a  2.  1.D  2.v  2.(  2.Z  2.  1.=  2.o  2.!  2.S  2.  1.6  91252  VA.1.1LISPM-LISPMachineHosts .h V1. V2.K V2.} V2./ V2.a V2. V1.D V2.v V2.( V2.Z V2. V1.= V2.o V2.! V2.S V2. V1.6 V91252 V  A.1.2LMFS-SymRbolicsFile-SystemType .}  2./  2.a  2.  1.D  2.v  2.(  2.Z  2.  1.=  2.o  2.!  2.S  2.  1.6  91252  BgA.2UNIXHosts&.' B2.Y B2. B2.= B2.o B1. B2.R B2. B2.6 B2.h B1. B2.K B2.} B2./ B2.a B2. B1.D B2.v B2.( B2.Z B2. B1.= B2.o B2.! B2.S B2. B1.6 B91262 B xA.2.1UNIX-SGIFile-SystemType".h x1. x2.K x2.} x2./ x2.a x2. x1.D x2.v x2.( x2.Z x2. x1.= x2.o x2.! x2.S x2. x1.6 x91262 x .gA.3DECHosts .v .1.' .2.Y .2. .2.= .2.o .1. .2.R .2. .2.6 .2.h .1. .2.K .2.} .2./ .2.a .2. .1.D .2.v .2.( .2.Z .2. .1.= .2.o .2.! .2.S .2. .1.6 .91262 . dA.3.1DECVzAX/VMSHosts .R d2. d2.6 d2.h d1. d2.K d2.} d2./ d2.a d2. d1.D d2.v d2.( d2.Z d2. d1.= d2.o d2.! d2.S d2. d1.6 d91262 d A.3.2DECTOPS-20Hosts. 2.R 2. 2.6 2.h 1. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 91272  PgA.4MiscellaneousHosts.= P2.o P1. P2.R P2. P2.6 P2.h P1. P2.K P2.} P2./ P2.a P2. P1.D P2.v P2.( P2.Z P2. P1.= P2.o P2.! P2.S P2. P1.6 P91272 P A.4.1ITS-IncompatibleTimeSharingSystemHosts*.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 91272  <A.4.2MUL|TICSHosts.= <2.o <1. <2.R <2. <2.6 <2.h <1. <2.K <2.} <2./ <2.a <2. <1.D <2.v <2.( <2.Z <2. <1.= <2.o <2.! <2.S <2. <1.6 <91272 < rA.4.3TENEXHosts. r2.= r2.o r1. r2.R r2. r2.6 r2.h r1. r2.K r2.} r2./ r2.a r2. r1.D r2.v r2.( r2.Z r2. r1.= r2.o r2.! r2.S r2. r1.6 r91272 r (A.4.4LMFILEFile-SystemType.6 (2.h (1. (2.K (2.} (2./ (2.a (2. (1.D (2.v (2.( (2.Z (2. (1.= (2.o (2.! (2.S (2. (1.6 (91282 ( ^A.4.5DEFzARUL|THostType".R ^2. ^2.6 ^2.h ^1. ^2.K ^2.} ^2./ ^2.a ^2. ^1.D ^2.v ^2.( ^2.Z ^2. ^1.= ^2.o ^2.! ^2.S ^2. ^1.6 ^91282 ^ -5AppendixB.UnixComm~unications. -2.6 -2.h -1. -2.K -2.} -2./ -2.a -2. -1.D -2.v -2.( -2.Z -2. -1.= -2.o -2.! -2.S -2. -1.6 -91292 - cgB.1LamRbda-PlusUnixNetworkingArchitecture(.a c2. c1.D c2.v c2.( c2.Z c2. c1.= c2.o c2.! c2.S c2. c1.6 c91292 c gB.2UnixChaosnetCon guration. 2.6 2.h 1. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 91292  OB.2.1UnixChaosnetStartup .R O2. O2.6 O2.h O1. O2.K O2.} O2./ O2.a O2. O1.D O2.v O2.( O2.Z O2. O1.= O2.o O2.! O2.S O2. O1.6 O91302 O B.2.2AllocatingtheEthernetIn~terface*.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 91312  ;gB.3UnixNetw~orkingOperations. ;2.6 ;2.h ;1. ;2.K ;2.} ;2./ ;2.a ;2. ;1.D ;2.v ;2.( ;2.Z ;2. ;1.= ;2.o ;2.! ;2.S ;2. ;1.6 ;91322 ; qB.3.1Hostat.v q1.' q2.Y q2. q2.= q2.o q1. q2.R q2. q2.6 q2.h q1. q2.K q2.} q2./ q2.a q2. q1.D q2.v q2.( q2.Z q2. q1.= q2.o q2.! q2.S q2. q1.6 q91322 q 'B.3.2CFTP-ChaosnetFileT|ransferProgram.a '2. '1.D '2.v '2.( '2.Z '2. '1.= '2.o '2.! '2.S '2. '1.6 '91332 ' u5ConceptIndex.D u2.v u1.' u2.Y u2. u2.= u2.o u1. u2.R u2. u2.6 u2.h u1. u2.K u2.} u2./ u2.a u2. u1.D u2.v u2.( u2.Z u2. u1.= u2.o u2.! u2.S u2. u1.6 u91352 u D5Softw~areIndex.D D2.v D1.' D2.Y D2. D2.= D2.o D1. D2.R D2. D2.6 D2.h D1. D2.K D2.} D2./ D2.a D2. D1.D D2.v D2.( D2.Z D2. D1.= D2.o D2.! D2.S D2. D1.6 D91372 D2 w [[