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c_???~?~?~?~?~?~?~?~????c?~???????```Gr@px;xsxcxap``@@@@@@@@@@@@|||Gs~g<xpppxx|~?```px|cxGt @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@AAAAAAAc~Gu AAA@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?@?@`p_ppGvp?`p?`p?`@``ppx<x8|x|p|p~p~``?@?@Gw+)q@q@q@@`<`8p@xp?@px?`px;``x{``|sq`|qq@~a{@`{@?@??>>Gxp?`p?`p?``p<xx|p~p`@?@`?p{psxa|`~@?pppGy p?`p?`p?`@``ppx<x8x8|x|p~p~``?@?@><8x~p?`@Gzpp``<@x`|p@>xx>@p|`x>G> }`x>@p|`x>>x`|p@>x`G1 }~``G2@?ppx`<```8p`@ ?xxxG3@?`0pp8p8p8p`@p8```8pp?`@U2  O2  w L 0A0 :A0 l  OLam}bdaR!Net}w}orkingGuide~  8O With4.0Netw~orkingReleaseNotes~ 8 l:O P~art3343-0000(Rev8)-18July1988~ l~ l  A0 A02 2 2  wGigaMosSystems,Inc. lA y* wR%675Massac~husettsAv~enue lA y  wCambridge,MA02139 lA y " wUSA2 w2 w2 w [[U2  O2  w 85O MaterialinthisdocumenRtiscurrentasof18July1988forLambdaLISPSoftware2 8 n5Release4.2 n 53COM  Otmx >O isatrademarkof3COM,Inc.2  K5Ethernet O isatrademarkofXeroxCorp.2 K }5Excelan nOtm }>O isatrademarkofExcelan,Inc.2 } /5ExtendedSTREAMSIn~terface  Otm />O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 / a5LMILambda ROtm a>O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 a 5LMILambda/Plus Otm >O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2  E5LMILambda/2OO 2 5Otms E>O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 E v5LMILambda/2OO 2/Plus gOtmk v>O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 v (5LMILambda/3OO 3 Otms (>O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 ( Z5UNIX KOtmi Z>O isatrademarkofAmericanTR|elephone&Telegraph.2 Z  5V{AX }OtmR  >O isatrademarkofDigitalEquipmen~tCorporation.2  >5VMS /OtmV >>O isatrademarkofDigitalEquipmentCorporation.2 > o5ZetaLISP-Plus `Otm& o>O isatrademarkofGigaMosSystems,Inc.2 o Z5CommenRtsonthismanual,andondocumentationingeneral,shouldbeaddressedto:2 Z GigaMosSystems,Inc.2  8650Su olkSt.2 8 iLow~ell,MA018542 i 0A~ttn:Documen~tation2  T5F{ormattedwithBoTx _E- TXv~ersion1.23of29October1987on18July1988.2 T5 AS wCop~yrigh~t ucA wA wA wO A wA wA wA wJO 1988GigaMosSystems,Inc.g w2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuidek12 O2 O2  w  |lO12 | R|In~troduction2 R2  aO Lam~bRdacomputersystemssupportnetworkRcomm~unicationsusingt~wodi er-2  5aen~tREthernet &Otm- 5DO softwareprotocols:"TCP/IPandChaosnet.(Release4ofthe2 5 kaZetaLISP-Plus \OtmR kAO Lam~bdaRsoftw~are \O1 k'O includesfundamentalmodi cationstothe2 k !apriorcommRunicationsarchitectureandsoftwareimplementation.2 ! aThismanRualaccompaniestheOLambda4.0LISPReleaseNotesO ,whichshouldbe2  Iaread rst.2 I KO1.1*Net~w}orkingReleaseNotes2 2  xaO The rstpartofthismanual,RentitledO Net~w~orkingReleaseNotesO ,describes2 x .acRhangestothenetworkingsoftwareintermsofO functionalityO ,O installationO ,O c~on-2 . da gur}ationO ,andRO op}er~atingpr}o}c~e}dur}esO .Theprimaryareasofchangeareco~v~ered2 d abRyseparatechapters:2  &&O2 &YO SystemArchitectureModi cations[ChapterO2O ]2 & j&O2 jYO InstallationProcedure[ChapterO3O ]2 j /&O2 /YO UpgradeCon gurationProcedures[ChapterO4O ]2 / s&O2 sYO ChangestoOpReratingProcedures[ChapterO5O ]2 s 7&O2 7YO ChangestoTCP/IPApplications[ChapterO6O ]2 7 {&O2 {YO KnownBugsandLimitations[ChapterO7O ]2 { zaF{olloRwingtheinstallationofRelease4,theLambdasystemmanagershould2 z 0aexecutethenetworkcon gurationproRceduresdocumen~tedhere.2 0K WAX wS hO1} w} wO hereafterreferredtosimplyasO R~ele~ase4} w2 w [[U2  O5O 2kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w K A> y A  O Note:'O T|oproRvideproperlyfunctioningnetworkingsoftware,you(orthe  =LamRbdasystemmanageratyoursite)OmustO readthismanualcarefullyand = sperformtherequiredsite lecon gurationandinstallation. s ,A  }  A> y2 2  W5O1.2*Net~w}orkingGuide2 W2 W IKO Thesecondpartofthismanual,Ren~titledO Net~workingGuideO ,pro~videscom-2 I Kprehensiv~eRdocumentationonLISPnetw~orkingsoftware.,Thesechaptersin-2  5KcludenewinformationnotpreviouslydocumenRted,aswellasinformationgath-2 5 kKeredfromearlierman~uals. T|oenablecross-referencingwiththeO Netw~orking2 k !KReleaseRNotesO chapters,theO Netw~orkingGuideO followsthesamegeneral2 ! WKstructure:2 W mO2 mCO SystemArchitecture[O8O ]2 m ;O2 ;CO Con gurationProcedures[O9O ]2 ;  O2  CO OperatingRProcedures[O10O ]2  WO2 WCO GenericRNetw~orkingApplications[O11O ]2 W %O2 %CO TCP/IPApplications[O12O ]2 % sO2 sCO ChaosnetServices[O13O ]2 s @O2 @CO Net~workProgrammingT{opics[O14O ]2 @ ?KExperiencedRLambdasystemmanagersma~ybeabletomakethenecessarycon-2 ? uK gurationchangesafterreadingChapter4,O UpgradeCon gurationProce-2 u +KduresO .Others(includingsystemmanagerswithnewLambdasystems)should2 + aKproRceedtoChapter9,O Con gurationProceduresO ,whichfullydocumen~tsthe2 a Kcon gurationprocess.2   KUsersofpreviousreleasesshouldreadChapter5,O ChangestoOperating2  ?KProceduresO forinformationonfunctionalitRythathaschanged.Completeop-2 ? uKeratinginformationispro~videdinChapter10,RO OperatingProceduresO ,and2 u +Ksubsequen~tchapters.2 + q5O1.3*Appendices2 q2 q cKO ThelastmajorpartofthismanRualcontainsappendiceswhichprovidesupple-2 c Kmentarymaterialonmiscellaneoustopics.2  KA,O Host/SystemT~ypesO ,documenRtsthecurrentlysupportednetworkhost2 AKtypes.Eachhost a~v~orislisted,alongwithrelatedattributessuc~hastheasso-2 A wKciatedmacRhineandsoftwarekeywords.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuidek32 O2 O2  w @aB,O UnixCommunicationsO ,documen~tsselectedfeaturesoftheLMISystem52 @ vaUnixChaosnetsoftware.UnixChaosnetisproRvidedwithLambda-Plussystems2 v ,acon guredwitha68010processor.2 ,2 w [[U2  O5O 4kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OO 52 O2 O2  w dVOP}art'I2 d n;ONet}w~orking!Release!Notes2 n2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 6kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuidek72 O2 O2  w  slO22 s I6System!Arc~hitecture!Modi cations2 I2  aO WithRelease4,theLamRbdanetworkingsoftwarehasundergoneasubstantial2  5aov~erhaul.#TheRo~v~erallarchitecturehasbeenradicallyaltered,startingwitha2 5 kanewscRhemeforallocatinghardwareinterfacestoLISPprocessors.(Thelow-2 k !alevelRdriv~ers(boardinterfaces)havebeenrev}amped,andtheintermediatepro-2 ! WatocolRlayersareno~walmostcompletelydevice-independen~t.Thesec~hangesare2 W  aresponsibleforsigni canRtimprovementsinperformanceandreliability|.2  aFigure1,page8o ersacomparisonbetw~eenRelease3andRelease4.&The2  5adiagramsindicatethefunctionalrelationshipsbRetw~eencomponen~tsofthecom-2 5 kam~unicationsRarchitectureinthe\old"and\new"schemes.2 k ]aIngeneraltherearenonewrestrictionsimposedbRythenewarchitecture,and2 ] anohardwaremoRdi cationsarerequired.%Asbefore,theLambdasystemasa2  IawholecansuppRortuptot~woboards,oneofeacRhtype: 3COMandExcelan.2 I aTwobRoardsofthesamekindcannotbecom~bined.2  paInpreviousreleases,eacRhnetworkprotocolwasimplementedwithadi erent2 p &ahardwareRin~terface:a3COMboardw~asrequiredforChaosnet,andanExcelan2 & \aboardwRasrequiredforTCP/IP|.OnLambdasystemswithmultipleLISPpro-2 \ acessors,the rstproRcessortobootallocatedtheEthernetboard(s)andserv~ed2  HaasthefronRt-endforotherprocessorsonthebus.Givenaheavyloadofnetwork2 H ~atrac,thisresultedinnoticeableperformancedegradation.2 ~ paInRelease4,bRotht~ypesofhardwRareinterfacesuppRortbothTCPOandO Chaos-2 p &anet.Thissigni canRtrewriteofthelow-levelcommunicationssupportresultsin2 & \aimpro~v~emen~tsRoverRelease3ev~enforsystemswithasinglehardwareinterface,2 \ asincetheLISPsoftw~arecanno~waccessbRothprotocols.2  aAsbRefore,ifonlyoneinterfaceboardisaRv}ailable,allLambdasinthesystem can2  :astillaccessthenet~work.WhentheLISPproRcessorsbootup,asystemwitha2 : pasinglebRoardwillcon gureitselfsuc~hthatthe rstprocessortobootwillcon~trol2 p2 w [[U2  O5O 8kLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS VSln 1k@`@A`pCp0p`F8` `` p`|a|>s@@{_xC|8qC0`G`A`A`A A AcGxwoM`xx0p?@8pa@00@``@````a`AqAC?ap{@~gC>Lxx`xxL ~A>xxx` ?`<p 8  qp80?p00?@0`00`00@``A``Cppxx{`}`aab@p@<BG|dxDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@D@@@D@@`@DXADDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDx~ DDDDDDDDDDDDa0DD8DDyXDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDp0DDpDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDL1xCN0`fO0`fDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@DDADO@A`AD@`ACpD@D@DDDDDDDDDDDD@DDD@@DDD@@DDD@@DDD@@DDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDD    xDDDDDDDDDDDDcx 3       cx333 3cDDDDDDDDDD0DDaDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD0DDp0DDp0DDp0DD_DD@DD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDM0`{Brhz/>p$ Hdp>sg" 6sO*" h"{{xpp"q" >z" " 1 aAG2{`(*'&p "O"x 0`@a0`@ ```````````yo"""!h @`0 @`{@" #@"zUUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUU@*** UUUA*** UUU@***!UUU@ 0`0@!#fLX0pg@|UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****@h88#D$ $)H)H*UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUz***%UUU****EUUUJ***EUUU@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*0 ****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU*U`* U*1UR* DU*AA`0@@ @`c ?0p****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUCkb$H !"""** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** UU@** *** UUU@***,UUUG*** UUU@*** UUU@*** UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUH*HL!L@`iUUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUJ***UUU ***EUUU ***UUU ***UUU ***UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUU****UUUUU@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@*U@UJ$*? 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 ```p 8       p `~`~?paa`a?p`nq````8`x`X``pxxxp~caac~lffcca ` `p p  x xx x  x xp pp?x?aaa=`pc`cax?=p 3ccT [#O Figure1.O Comparison,Release3vs.Release4g [ wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuidek92 O2 O2  w @athe bRoard.The other LISP processor(s) will go through the rst processor, using2 @ vatheExtendedStreamsInRterface gOtmF v>O toaccessthenetwork.2 v haAsaresultofthenewdevice-independenRtscheme,twoLISPprocessorsonthe2 h asamecRhassiscaneachcontroltheirownhardwareinterface.Thisleadstoim-2  TaprovedperformanceandreliabilitRy|,sinceinter-processorcommunicationsisre-2 T  aducedtoaminim~um.2  |aNotethattheorderinwhic~hLISPproRcessorsbootupisnotimportant,butfor2 | 2aconsistency|,the rstproRcessortobootwillallocatea3COM(ifpresent),the2 2 hasecondwillallocatetheExcelan(ifpresenRt),andathirdLambda(ona3x3)2 h awill,bRypreference,gothroughthe3COMowner.2  aNote,Rhow~ev~er,thatRan~ytimeaLambda-PlusUnixprocessorboots rst(before2  Faan~yLISPproRcessors),itwillallocatethe3COM 7Otm^ FEO (ifa~v}ailable)toitselffor2 F |adirectChaosnetaccess.,Thisbootordercausesaproblemina3COM-only2 | 2acon guration:ChaosnetworksbRecause theLISPprocessor(s)canandwillroute2 2 haChaosnetRpacketstotheUnixprocessor,butO TCP/IPwillfailO becausetheUnix2 h aChaosnetRsoftw~arecannothandleTCP/IPpack~ets.2  aF{orthisreasonitisgenerallyrecommendedthatallproRcessorsbebootedin2  Fasequence(atleastoninitialpower-up)withtheSDUcommandO newboot-aO .2 F |aThisisO notO anewrestriction.2 | [a >A> y RA }m 1O IMPOR{T{ANTNOTE:O Itisnotadvisabletoboothostswithinthesame 1 gcRhassis on di erent releases.Problems arise,Rfor example,due to incompatible g handlingofinRter-processorcommunicationsandIProuting.  SomeproblemsmaRyevenoccurusingTCP/IPtocommunicatebetweenRe-  Elease 3 and Release 4 hosts on the same net~work.See Section 7.2 for a detailed E {explanation of the restrictions on compatibilitRy between Release 3 and Release { 14TCP/IP|. 1 R,A }m R [A> y2 [2 [2 w [[U2  O5O 10RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR112 O2 O2  w  |lO32 | RRInstallation!Procedure2 R2  aO TheRelease4net~workingRsoft~wareisloadedinthedistributionbandanddoes2  5anotrequireaseparateinstallationorenablingprocedure.Customcon guration2 5 kaprocedures,whicRhmustbefollowed,aredocumentedinthenextchapter.2 k ]aTheRnet~workingsoft~waresourcedirectoryO "O SYS:NETWORK;O "O isprovidedwith2 ] atheO\4.0LISPSources"O distributiontape.TheSiteEditorutilitRyisprovidedon2  IatheO\4.0LISPOptions"O distributiontapRe."SeetheOLambda4.0LISPRelease2 I aNotesO forinformationoninstallingRelease4soft~ware.2 2 w [[U2  O5O 12RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w PK A> y GA 6yK Thefollo~wingisaninstallationnoteforTCP-onlysitesrunningRelease2or  ;Release3. ; -F{orreasonsdiscussedin7],ItisnotpRossibletocopypartitionsbetw~eena - cRelease 3TCP-onlyLamRbda and aRelease 4Lambda;the Release3 TCP/IP c DISKserv~erisnotcompatiblewiththeTCPspeci cation.   This section is for system managers upgrading to Release 4 on LamRbdas which  @conRtainonlytheExcelanhardwareinterface. @ 2Theeasiestw~aytoupgradeTCP-onlyLambRdasiswithmagnetictape: 2 AG1. A Restorethedistribution(\v}anilla")Release4bandandmicrocodepar- A w titionsontheO syshostO ; w >G2. > O OnallL}amb~daswithtap}edrivesO ,restorethev}anillaband.*Y{oucan > t alw~aysO set-sys-hostO oneacRhLambdatotheO syshostO andthenewsite t * les,andRsaveabandoneachLam~bda;later,youcancopyupdated * ` bandsinthenormalwa~y|. ` ^Alternately|,RiftheO syshostO hasanExcelanin~terface,usethefollowingpro- ^ cedure:  #G1. # CreateaRelease4updatedbandontheO syshostO ,completewithsite # Y les. Y  G2.   ReboottheO syshostO onRelease3.  fG3. f F{rom eacRh Lambda running Release 3 TCP/IP{, run O si:copy-disk-partition f  O andcop~ytheupdatedRelease4bandfromtheO syshostO .  G,A 6yK } G PA> y2 P2 P2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR132 O2 O2  w  slO42 s I2Upgrade!Con guration!Procedures2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterisintendedforsystemmanagersupgradingfromLambdaRelease2  5a3R softwaretoRelease4.Itexplainsc~hangestositecon gurationparametersand2 5 kaprocedures.2 k ]aAfterreviewingthematerialinthischapter,RseeChapter9,O Con guration2 ] aProceduresO ,fordocumenRtationonthenetworkcon gurationprocedures.2  aNotethatthephrase\site les,"usedfrequenRtlyinthismanual,referstothe2  ;astaticRnet~workcon gurationinformationthatisenteredin leslocatedinyour2 ; qaO "O SYS:SITE;O "O directory{.2 q 7KO4.1*NamingHosts:$TheP~ac}kName2 72 7 )aO LamRbda hosts nd their own name at system startup in the disk pack label.With2 ) _aRelease 4,R for Lambda-Plus con gurations,it is also necessary to specify the host2 _ anameoftheattacRhedUnixprocessor.TheUnixhostnamemustbeprovidedso2  KathattheLISPprocessorscandeterminetheaddressroutinginformationforthe2 K aattac~hedUnixhost.2  saAsdocumenRtedintheOLambda4.0LISPReleaseNotesO ,duringtheRelease42 s )ainstallationyRoushouldsetthepacknameforeachLambdasystem."Runthe2 ) _afunctionO si:set-pack-nameO (seepage38)oneacRhchassistospecifythenamesof2 _ aeacRhhost.TheUnixhostnamemustbesuppliedasthelasthostnameinthe2  Kapac~kname.2 K2 w [[U2  O5O 14RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w  ,KHerearet~woexamples,illustratingaLamRbda-PlusandaLambda-2x2-Plus:2 , X%O ;;Lambda-Plus2 X ;%(si:set-pack-name"LAM-AUNIX-A")2 ; %;;Lambda-2x2-Plus2  %(si:set-pack-name"LAM-ALAM-BUNIX-A")2 2 2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR152 O2 O2  w @KO4.2*SiteCon gurationChanges2 @2 @ 2aO SomecRhangestoyourcurrentLambdasite lesmayberequiredforthenew2 2 harelease.ThesecRhangesmaynotbedownward-compatible;inotherwords,site2 h a lesmodi edforRelease4net~workingRsoftwareshouldnotbeusedorloadedin2  TaaRelease3LISPworld.2 T FaIfyRoursiteusedTCP/IPunderapreviousrelease,youwillde nitelyhaveto2 F |aassign new InRternet addresses to Lambda hosts on multi-processor systems (such2 | 2aas2x2s).SeebRelowforinformationonmodifyingInternetaddressesforRelease2 2 ha4.2 h ZaMostChaosnet-onlyinstallationswillnotrequireupdatedsite les.Nev~erthe-2 Z aless,wRerecommendrecompilingRelease3site lesbeforeloadingtheminto2  FaRelease4. SitesthatwRerepreviouslyChaosnet-onlymaywishtotakeadv}an-2 F |atageoftheTCP/IPcapabilitRythatcomeswithRelease4,thusrequiringsite le2 | 2achanges.2 2 $aThesite ledirectoryisassignedthelogicalpathnameO "O SYS:SITE;O "O .Thepar-2 $ Zaticularsite lesare:2 Z m&O2 mYO SYS:SITE;SYS.TRANSLA|TIONS2 m 8&O2 8YO SYS:SITE;HOSTS.TEXT2 8 &O2 YO SYS:SITE;SITE.LISP2  N&O2 NYO SYS:SITE;LMLOCS.LISP2 N LaThe cRhangesdocumentedbelow are all changestoentries in one ormore ofthese2 L a les.2  ]KO4.2.1#LogicalT{ranslations2 ]2 ] OaO IfyRourestoreRelease4systemsourcesandplantoaccessthem,youwillneed2 O atomakReachangeinthe leO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O .2  waWithevRerynewmajorLambdasoftwarerelease,anewO sour~c~edir~e}ctoryO ises-2 w -atablished(seeFigure2,page16).Thesourcedirectoryisatop-lev~eldirectory2 - cabelowRwhic~htheLambdasystemsource lehierarchyislocated.2 c UaRelease4sourcesareloRcatedintheO "O RELEASE-4;O "O directory|.Y{oumustmodify2 U ayRourO "O SYS.TRANSLA{TIONSO "O letore ectthischange;changealloccurrences2 Aaof\RELEASE-3"to\RELEASE-4".SeeFigure3,page17foranexampleofa2 A waRelease3andmodi edRelease4O "O SYS.TRANSLA{TIONSO "O le.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 16RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w L5  AS >wOReleaseg >g >eDirectoryg >g >g > AS XwO 2.0g Xg XeO "O QL;O "g Xg Xg X wO 3.0g g eO "O RELEASE-3;O "g g g  DwO 4.0g Dg DeO "O RELEASE-4;O "g Dg Dg D 0}O Figure2.O MajorLambRdareleases-Sourcedirectorylocationsg 0 LAS2 L .KIf yRou were using the default Release 3 site le directory O "O RELEASE-3.CUSTOMER-2 . dKSITE;O " O yRou should take this opportunity to move your site les to a new directory2 d KthatisnotassoRciatedwiththeLam~bdasourcehierarch~y|.2   KF{orexample,ifyRoursite leswerelocatedonthehost\MASTER",youwould2  BKexecute:2 B n%O (fs:copy-directory"sys:site;*.*#>"5"master:our-site;")2 n lKO Next,editO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O tomodifythede nitionsofO "O SYS:SITE;O "2 l "KO andO "O SYS:CHAROS;O "O tore ectthenewlocationofyoursite les.2 " T5O4.2.2#HostAddresses2 T2 T FKO In previous releases,allhosts within one LamRbdachassis were assigned thesame2 F |KInRternet address.Y{ou must modify your Release 4 site les (in O "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O )2 | 2Kasfollo~ws:2 2 @O2 @CO EachRLambdaLISPhostmustha~v~eitsOownO Internetaddress2 @ O2 CO LamRbda-PlusUnixhostsmusthaveOnoO Internetaddress2  KChaosaddressesforallLambRdahostsarestillrequired,becausetheyarealways2  9KusedforinRterprocessorcommunicationwithinthesamechassis.2 9 +KSeeFigure4,page18foranexampleofamodi edO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O le.2 + ]5O4.2.3#SiteOptionsAddedandRemo~v~ed2 ]2 ] OKO SiteoptionsarespReci edglobally|,forallLambdas,RinO "O SITE.LISPO "O ,orlocally|,2 O KforspReci cLambdas,inO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O .2  wKThenewsiteoptionsforRelease4areasfollows:2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR172 O2 O2  wK  AS zOExampleofSYS.TRANSLA|TIONS:O Release3} z &pO ;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Base:10;Readtable:ZL-*-} &  p(FS:SET-LOGICAL-PATHNAME-HOST}  ;$"SYS"} ; m$:PHYSICAL-HOST"MYHOST"} m $:TRANSLATIONS}  Q$'(("CHAOS;""RELEASE-3.CUSTOMER-SITE;")} Q Y("SITE;"4"RELEASE-3.CUSTOMER-SITE;")}  4Y("*;*;*;*;*;""")} 4 fY("*;*;*;*;""")} f Y("*;*;*;""")}  JY("*;*;""")} J |Y("*;""")))} | _pO Commen~ts:O Thisfilepointstotemplate(example)Release3} _ psitefiles}  AOExampleofSYS.TRANSLA|TIONS:O Release4,withcustommodi cations} A mpO ;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Base:10;Readtable:ZL-*-} m Qp(FS:SET-LOGICAL-PATHNAME-HOST} Q $"SYS"}  5$:PHYSICAL-HOST"MYHOST"} 5 g$:TRANSLATIONS} g $'(("CHAOS;""OUR-SITE;")}  JY("SITE;"4"OUR-SITE;")} J |Y("*;*;*;*;*;""")} | .Y("*;*;*;*;""")} . `Y("*;*;*;""")} ` Y("*;*;""")}  CY("*;""")))} C 'pO Commen~ts:O Thisfilepointstositefilesthatwere} ' Ypcopiedtoanewdirectory,O MYHOST:OUR-SITE;} Y XO Figure3.O Examples:originalandmodi ed(Release4)SYS.TRANSLA{TIONS le} X wAS2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 18RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS zOExampleofHOSTS.TEXT:O Release3g z &pO;;;-*-Mode:Fundamental-*-MASTER:RELEASE-3.CUSTOMER-SITE;HOSTS.TEXT#18g &  pHOSTLMI-AMNESIA,,CHAOS3412,USER,LISPM,LISPM,[AMNESIA]g  mp;;Lambda2x2-Plusg m QpHOSTMYHOST,[CHAOS3430,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[MASTER]g Q pHOSTAHOST,[CHAOS3431,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[NOTHER]g  4pHOSTUNIX-HOST,[CHAOS3432,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,UNIX,NU,[MYUNIX]g 4 p;;;Lambdag  |pHOSTXTRA-HOST,ACHAOS3433,USER,LISPM,LISPM,[XTRA]g | _p;;VMSVAXg _ CpHOSTVMSVAX,INTERNET101.0.0.110,USER,VMS,VAX,[MYVAX]g C AOExampleofHOSTS.TEXT:O Release4,withcustommodi cationsg A mpO;;;-*-Mode:Fundamental-*-MASTER:OUR-SITE;HOSTS.TEXT#20g m QpHOSTLMI-AMNESIA,CHAOS3412,USER,LISPM,LISPM,[AMNESIA]g Q 5p;;Lambda2x2-Plusg 5 pHOSTMYHOST,[CHAOS3430,INTERNET101.0.0.101],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[MASTER]g  JpHOSTAHOST,[CHAOS3431,INTERNET101.0.0.102],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[NOTHER]g J |pHOSTUNIX-HOST,CHAOS3432,USER,UNIX,NU,[MYUNIX]g | `p;;;Lambdag ` CpHOSTXTRA-HOST,A[CHAOS3433,INTERNET101.0.0.103],USER,LISPM,LISPM,[XTRA]g C 'p;;VMSVAXg ' pHOSTVMSVAX,INTERNET101.0.0.110,USER,VMS,VAX,[MYVAX]g XwO Figure4.O Examples:originalandmodi ed(Release4)HOSTS.TEXT leg X wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR192 O2 O2  w @aO :NETWORK-NAMESO[list-of-net~work-specs]2 @2 @2 @ QO De nestheaRv~ailablenetworkprotocols(currently{,:CHAOSand:IN-2  =QTERNET),andthenetw~orkRnumber(s)pertainingtothesite.!See2 = sQpage55forfurtherinformation.2 s 9aO :BR~OKEN-BERKELEY-UNIX-BRO~ADCAST-ADDRESS-PO[TorNIL]2 92 92 9 QO Thissiteoptionm~ustbRespeci edifthereareBerkeley4.2Unix2  6QsystemsonyRournetwork.Seepage59forfurtherinformation.2 6 4aThefolloRwingoptionsareobsolete,andarenotsupportedbyRelease4:2 4 CaO :FRONT-END-TCP-CHA~OS-SERzVER2 C2 C2 C yQO Chaos-onlyLambdahoststhatformerlyhadtogothroughare-2 y /QmotefronRt-endTCP/ChaosservermustbReupdatedtouseRelease42 / eQTCP/IPRsoftwaredirectly|.2 e ,aO :TCP-ONL{Y-LAMBD~AS2 ,2 ,2 , bQO LamRbdahoststhatwereformerlydesignatedas\TCP-only"can,2 b QwhenupgradedtoRelease4,beassignedChaosaddresseswithout2  NQcausingconfusion,sincetheycanusebothChaosnetandTCP/IP|.2 N LaY|oushoulddeleteanRyentriesinO "O SYS:SITE;SITE.LISPO "O orO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "2 L aO thatspecifyoneoftheobsoleteoptions.,Notethatthiswillmakethenew2  8asiteinformationincompatiblewithRelease3.#Loadingthenewsite lesina2 8 naRelease3bandwRouldcauseaLambdawithouta3COMinterfacetofailon2 n $aChaosattempts,and/oreliminatethefronRt-endTCP-Chaosservingcapability2 $ ZaforLamRbdaswithoutanExcelaninterface.2 Z LaAllothersiteoptionsforTCP/IPandChaosnetshouldw~orkaspreviouslydoc-2 L aumented.2  ?KO4.3*SiteFileUpdateChec~k-List2 ?2 ? 1aO Figure5,page20proRvidesacheck-listofthebasicchangesthatmustbemade2 1 gatoupdatesite lesfromRelease3toRelease4.2 g2 w [[U2  O5O 20RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS vMakResureyouspecifyallhostnamesinthepackname,andnamethehostsing v ,the\proper"(i.e.,slot)order.g , F{orexample:g  JpO (si:set-pack-name"slot0slot4slot8-or-unix")g J UF ]A *W A uo ?A uK ]A *W g UO First,nametheslot0LISPprocessorg U F A *W A uo A uK A *W g Next,nametheslot4LISPprocessor(ifinstalled)g  YF bA *W A uo DA uK bA *W g YFinally|,nametheslot8LISPproRcessorO orO theattachedUnixprocessor(ifg Y installed)g  MakResureyoumakethefollowingchangesinO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O :g  F !A *W A uo A uK !A *W g AssigneacRhLISPprocessoruniqueChaosandInternetaddressesg  [F cA *W A uo FA uK cA *W g [RemoveRInternetaddressesforLambda-PlusUnixhostsg [ ZMakRe sure you make the following changes in O "O SITE.LISPO " O and/or O "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O :g Z dF mA *W A uo OA uK mA *W g dAddthefolloRwinglinetoO "O SITE.LISPO "O ifyouhaveBerkeley4.2Unixsys-g d temsontheInternet:g  hO (:broken-berkeley-unix-broadcast-address-pt)g  F A *W A uo zA uK A *W g O AddanenRtryinO "O SITE.LISPO "O tode neO :NETWORK-NAMESO .Ifyouuseg  EtheSiteEditor,itwillpromptyRoutocreatethisentry|.Atypicalentry|,g E {foranetw~orkwhereIPsubnetsarenotinuse,w~ouldbe:g { xhO (:network-namesg x *6'((("OUR-NETWORK")g * [((:INTERNET"101.0.0.0")(:CHAOS7)))))g [ F &A *W A uo A uK &A *W g O RemovethefolloRwingoptionswherevertheyappear:g  hO :FRONT-END-TCP-CHAOS-SERVERg  Lh:TCP-ONLY-LAMBDASg L KO MakResureyoumakethefollowingchangesinO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O totheg K de nitionofthe\SYS"logicalhost:g F A *W A uo vA uK A *W g SpecifyyRourownsitedirectoryasthetranslationforO "O SYS:SITE;O "O andg AO "O SYS:CHAOS;O "g A F A *W A uo oA uK A *W g O SpecifyO RELEASE-4;O asthetranslationforeverythingelseg  |EO Figure5.O SiteFileModi cationCheck-Listg | AS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR212 O2 O2  w  slO52 s I_Changes!to!OpRerating!Procedures2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterdetailschangestonetworkoperatingandmanagementprocedures.2  5aThese cRhanges includeLISPfunctionsand v}ariablesthathave bReenadded,mod-2 5 kai ed,orremoved.2 k ]aThiscRhaptercontainsonlyasummaryofchanges;completedocumentationon2 ] aoperatingRproceduresma~ybefoundinChapter10,O OperatingProceduresO .2  aChangestospReci cTCP/IPprotocolsarediscussedinChapter6,O Changesto2  ;aTCP/IPApplicationsO .2 ; KO5.1*LISPP}ac~k{ages2 2  vaO InpreviousreleasesofTCP/IP|,almostallsymRbolswereintheO TCP:O pack}age.2 v ,aInRelease4,manRysymbolshavebeenmovedintoneworpre-existingpack-2 , baages.F|orexample,genericnetw~orkfunctionshavebReengroupedtogetherinthe2 b aO NETW~ORK:O pack}age.2  aMostChaosnetsymRbolsareintheO CHAOS:O pack}age,butsomeresideinO SI:O ,2 @aO GL~OBAL:O ,andelsewhere.2 @ 2aFigure6,Rpage22,proRvidesasummaryoftheLISPpack~agescreatedandused2 2 hab~yRnetworkingsoft~ware.2 h /KO5.2*NameChangesandDeletions2 /2 / aO Figure7,Rpage23,shoRwsthemostsigni cantchangestoRelease3networking2 Vafunctionsandv}ariables.2 V2 w [[U2  O5O 22RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS wUOP~ack}age(Alias)g wg w*Descriptiong wg wg w cUO NETWORK:(NET:)g cg c*GenericRnetw~orkfunctionsg cg cg c NUETHERNET:g Ng N*HardwareRdriv~ers(3COMorExcelan)g Ng Ng N :UARP:g :g :*AddressResolutionProtocolg :g :g : &UCHAOS:g &g &*Chaosnetprotocolg &g &g & UINTERNET:(IP:)g g *InternetProtocolg g g  ~UICMP:g ~g ~*InternetRControlMessageProtocolg ~g ~g ~ jUUDP:g jg j*UserDatagramProtocolg jg jg j VUTCP:g Vg V*T|ransmissionControlProtocolg Vg Vg V BUTELNET:g Bg B*RemoteLoginapplicationg Bg Bg B .UFTP:g .g .*FileT|ransferProtocolg .g .g . USMTP:g g *SimpleMailT{ransferProtocolg g g  UTCP-APPLICA|TION:g g g  <v(TCP|A:)g <g <*OtherTCPorUDPapplicationsg <g <g < [ O Figure6.O Release4Netw~orkingRSoftw~are{LISPPack}agesg [ wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR232 O2 O2  wK  A tORelease3Names} t} tnRelease4Names} t} t\Commen~ts} t} t} t `F{unctions:} `} `} ` LO chaos:prin~t-in~t-pkt-status} L} Lnnet:print-int-pkt-status} L} L\renamed,modi ed} L} L} L nethernet:netsp~y} } \new} } }  8ftp:cmd} 8} 8nftp:ftp} 8} 8\renamed,modi ed} 8} 8} 8 nglobal:peek} n} n\modi ed} n} n} n $nicmp:ping} $} $\new} $} $} $ Znip:list-route-table} Z} Z\new} Z} Z} Z nnet:con gure} } \new} } }  Ennet:decon gure} E} E\new} E} E} E {si:set-processor-owning-ethernet} {} {\modi ed} {} {} { 1tcp:add-route} 1} 1\deleted} 1} 1} 1 gtcp:delete-route} g} g\deleted} g} g} g tcp:displa~y-arp} } narp:addr-stat} } \renamed,modi ed} } }  Stcp:exos-stats} S} Snethernet:exos-stats} S} S\renamed} S} S} S  tcp:exos-ethernet-stats}  }  \deleted}  }  }  ?tcp:print-bogus-packet} ?} ?\deleted} ?} ?} ? utcp:reset-exos-ethernet-stats} u} u\deleted} u} u} u +tcp:start} +} +\deleted} +} +} + atcp:tcp-disable} a} a\deleted} a} a} a ntcp:telnet} } \new} } }  Mtcp:transmit-raw-ethernet-pack~et} M} M\deleted} M} M} M ntcpa:disable-all-net~work-services} } \new} } }  9ntcpa:disable-one-net~work-service} 9} 9\new} 9} 9} 9 ontcpa:enable-all-netw~ork-services} o} o\new} o} o} o %ntcpa:enable-one-network-service} %} %\new} %} %} % [tcpa:telnet-glass-tty} [} [ntelnet:telnet-glass-tt~y} [} [\renamed} [} [} [ GOV|ariables:} G} G} G 3nO si:don~t-use-3com} 3} 3\new} 3} 3} 3 insi:don~t-use-excelan} i} i\new} i} i} i tcp:*last-bogus-pac~k~et*} } \deleted} } }  Utcp:*netload-debug-p*} U} U\deleted} U} U} U tcp:dma-initialized-p} } \deleted} } } [O Figure7.O SummaryofChangestoFR|unctionsandVariables} [ wA2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 24RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O5.3*Fzunctions2 @2 @ 2KO ManRyofthenetworkcon gurationandmanagementfunctionshavebeenre-2 2 hKplaced,asdescribRedbelo~w.2 h O2 CO ResettingChaosnet-TheuseofO chaos:reset%O forresettingChaosnetsoft-2  HCwRareisobsoleteformostpurposes,butitisstillav}ailablebecauseitresets2 H ~CopRenChaosconnections.-T|oresetthesoftw~areOwithoutO a ectingopen2 ~ 4CChaosconnectionsuseO net:con gureO (seepage78).2 4 O2 CO ResettingTCP/IPR-0TheTCPfunctionsO tcp:startO andO tcp:tcp-disableO are2  KCno longerimplemented.UseO net:con gure O (see page 78) and O net:decon gure2 K CO (seepage78)instead.2  cO2 cCO (De)allocatinghardwRareinterfaces-ThefunctionO si:set-processor-owning-2 c CethernetO hasbReenenhancedtohandlebothtypesofhardwRareinterface.2  OCAlsorefertoO si:dont-use-3comO (seepage84)andO si:dont-use-excelanO (see2 O Cpage84).2  fO2 fCO File T|ransfer Protocol command- Previously implemenRted as O ftp:cmdO ,now2 f CnamedO ftp:ftpO (seepage95)andenhancedsigni can~tly|.2  }O2 }CO Ping - TCP/IP noRw answers to \Ping"requests,and can send v}arious Ping2 } 3CrequestswithO icmp:pingO (seepage82).2 3 O2 CO ExosDiagnostics-TheseroutineshavebReenmodi edandrenamed;new2  JCfunctionsareO ethernet:exos-statsO (seepage82),andO ethernet:netspyO (see2 J Cpage83).2  J5O5.4*Vyariables2 J2 J <KO ThevR}ariableO tcp:dma-initialized-pO isnolongerde ned.-F|ormerly|,thisvari-2 < rKable had tobRe set to reinitialize theExcelan board.*This is nolonger necessary;2 r (KthehardwRareinterfacesareinitializedbyO net:con gureO .2 ( KSeeSection10.3,Net~workRCon~trolV{ariables,fordetailsonnetworkingcon-2  PKtrol/parameterv}ariables.2 P 5O5.5*P~eekDispla}y2 2  KO AnewcommandmoRdehasbeenaddedtotheO PReekO program.+TheO Network2 AKO commanddisplaRysstatusandstatisticalinformationoneachnetworkprotocol2 A wKandinRterface.SeeSection10.4,PeekDisplay,fordetails.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR252 O2 O2  w @KO5.6*MessagesandErrors2 @2 @ 2aO Net~workingopRerationrun-states(statusmessagesontheWho-Lineorreported2 2 hab~y2 h2 w [[U2  O5O 26RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR272 O2 O2  w  olO62 o InChanges!to!TCP/IP!Applications2 I2  aO This cRhapter describes changes toTCP/IP|, with a section devotedto each major2  5aTCPservice.2 5 rKO6.1*FTP2 r2 r daO The command inRterface to FTP|, formerly called O ftp:cmdO , is now de ned as O ftp:ftp2 d aO (seepage95).V|ariousoptionsha~v~ebReenmodi edandimpro~v~ed,andthein~ter-2  Pafaceismorerobust.2 P BaOther cRhanges to the File T|ransfer Protocol are internal and should not be visible2 B xatotheuser.2 x 5KO6.2*Tyelnet2 52 5 'aO The TR|elnet routines provide remote terminal access via TCP/IP. Telnet has been2 ' ]aexpandedandenhancedsigni can~tly|.2 ] OaMost importan~tlyR|,the Telnet in~terface accessible via Oh .A O QO SYSTEM O O [A O O OOi O T O noRw works prop-2 O aerlyRov~erTCP/IP|.Thisfull-screenT|elnetwindowinterfacehasbeenimpro~v~ed2  :aov~ertheinRterfacesprovidedwithearlierreleases.2 : ,aThe new T|elnet proRvides the optimal capability for remote logins between Lamb-2 , badas.#WhentheLamRbdaT|elnetinterfacecontactsaT|elnetServerrunningon2 b aanotherLamRbda,thetwoprogramsagreetousetheChaosnetSupRdupprotocol2  NainRternally|.(Thisresultsindramaticallyimprovedbehavior:"standardrubout2 N ahandlerfeaturesareproRvided,andLISPmachinecharactersandspecialkeys2  :asuchasOh| A : =O ABORTM :M : GAM :M :Q :|OiO arehandledcorrectly|.2 :2 w [[U2  O5O 28RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KSeeSection12.2,TR|erminalNet~workAccessProtocol(Telnet),fordetails.2 @  5O6.3*SMTP2  2  {KO The SMTP (Simple Mail T{ransfer Protocol) servRer has not changed from Release2 { 1K3;seetheORelease3.0TCP/IPInstallationandReleaseNotesO forinformation2 1 gKandlimitations.2 g $5O6.4*ImagenPrinR~terDriver2 $2 $ KO TheRnet~workingandprin~tersoftwareno~wsupportImagenlaserprintersthat2  LKareaccessedremotelyviaTCP/IPR(ImagenmodelIP/IIandcompatibles).This2 L KisapopularprinRtingsetup,sincemuchoftheprocessingisdoneo -lineby2  8KtheImagen.WithRelease4,theO :IMAGENO driv~erisfullysupportedandmuc~h2 8 nKimpro~v~edRoverpreviouslydistributedversions.2 n `KSeeSection12.3,ImagenPrinRterDriver,fordetails.2 ` &5O6.5*DISK2 &2 & KO TheR TCP DISK Serverismoredependable, andprovidesafullrangeoffunction-2  NKalitRyascomparedtoChaosnet.UsageisdocumentedinSection12.4,Lambda2 N KDISKProtocol.2 2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR292 O2 O2  w  slO72 s I"Kno}wn!Bugs!and!Limitations2 I2  JKO7.1*GeneralLimitations2 J2 J <aO Thefollo~winglistdescribResrecognized,non-triviallimitationspertainingto2 < raLam~bdaTCP/IPandChaosnet.2 r &O2 YO Chaos/TCPprioritRy-Thecontrolv}ariableO net:*network-protocols*O (see2  7Ypage83)isnot\honored"bRyallcommunicationsfunctions.F|orexample,2 7 mYthenormalLISPremote- lefunctions{includingO listfO ,O diredO ,andO viewf2 m #YO {willalw~aysRc~hoosetheChaosnetaccesspath(QFILEprotocol)ifitis2 # YYaRv}ailable(thatis,foranyhostthathasaChaosaddress).Butnotethe2 Y YcommenRtsinSection7.2.2,Release3TCP-OnlyLambRdas,below.2  U&O2 UYO Accesspathrecovery-Intheory|,ifanaccesspathtoaremotehostis2 U  Yde nedbutnotoperativ~e(forexample,whenaconnectionrequesttimes2  AYout),theRsoft~warecould\failover"toanotherav}ailableprotocol.Thishas2 A wYnotbeenimplemented.2 w >&O2 >YO Hanging/wRaiting-Somelow-levelnetworkfunctions(particularlywithin2 > tYChaosnet)canhangincertainrun-statesw~aitingforareply{.Whereex-2 t *Ypected,theRsoft~warema~yfailtotimeout..Recommendedaction:&use2 * `YO CTRL-Oh| ?A ` cO ABORT ` ` mA ` ` `|OiO toin~terruptthehangingfunctionandretrytheoperation.2 ` ^aThislistdoesnotincludecertainunresolvRedproblemsrelatedtocompatibility2 ^ awithothernetworkingRimplementations.(Notethat,giventheoccasionalprob-2  JalemofstandardsinRterpretation,itisnotalwayspossibletoprovidecomplete2 J ain~tegrationwithothersystems.)2 2 w [[U2  O5O 30RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O7.2*Compatibilit~ywithPreviousReleases2 @2 @ 2KO The discussion of obsoleted site le options in Chapter 4 describes certain limita-2 2 hKtionstocommRunicationsbetweenRelease3andRelease4systems.Thissection2 h KisinRtendedtoclarifythesecompatibilityproblemsandtoo ersomeadviceon2  TKcommunicatingRbetw~eenincompatiblesystems.Alltherestrictionsdocumented2 T  KbeloRwapplyonlytoTCP/IPsoftware.2  Z5O7.2.1#CompatibilitR~y-Overview2 Z2 Z LKO Withthenewrelease,RRelease2becomesobsolete,andisnolongersupported2 L KasRsuch;ho~wever,forthepurposesofthisdiscussion,Release2TCP/IPma~ybe2  8KconsideredcompatiblewithRelease3.2 8 *KManyRchangestoTCP/IParenotdo~wnw~ard-compatible.Themostimportant2 * `Krestrictionsareasfollo~ws:2 ` r~1.2 rCIngeneral,yRoushouldnotboothostsonthesamesystemwithdi erent2 r (CLISPsoftw~arereleases.SpReci cally|,whenLambdaTCP/IPisinuse,itis2 ( ^COabsolutelycriticalO thatallthehostsbootwiththesamesoft~warerelease.2 ^ CF{orexample,iftheloadedsiteinformationconRtainsInternetaddressesfor2  JCthe slot 0 and slot 4 proRcessors on a Lambda-2x2, then they must be booted2 J Cwiththesamerelease.2  JCBootinghostsinthesamecRhassiswithincompatiblesoftwarecancause2 J Can~yR numberofstrangesymptoms.Problemsmayoccurwithinterprocessor2  6CcommRunication and packet routing;for example,remote hosts may contact2 6 kCthewronghost,andaRelease3hostmaRyrejectpacketsforwardedbythe2 k !CRelease4host.2 ! k~2.2 kCSomeRnetworkingproblemsmayoccurwhenRelease3andRelease4hosts2 k !CareRbootedonthesamenetwork.*SincetheRelease3siteinformation2 ! WCconRtainsoneInternetaddressforeachhostonachassis,theRelease3host2 W Cwillnotbeabletocon~tactaRelease4hostwithitsnewaddress.Ifthe2 CCRelease3hostcannotbeimmediatelyupgradedtoRelease4,thecorrect2 C yCproRcedureistoupdatetheRelease3site lestoaccuratelyre ectthe2 y /CInRternetaddressesoftheRelease4Lambdahosts.2 / -KW|erecommendthatevReryLambdaonyournetworkbeupgradedtoRelease42 - cKandRbootedwiththenewreleaseatalltimes.Ifitbecomesnecessarytobooton2 c Kapriorrelease,usethefunctionO si:set-current-bandO todesignatethepriorrelease2  OKband,theninitializethesystemattheSDUanduseO newboot-aO torebootO all2 O KO LISPprocessorswiththeoldsoft~ware.2  wKNotRwithstandingtheserestrictions,thefollowingsectionso ersomeadviceon2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR312 O2 O2  w @ahandlingtheoccasionalrequiremenRtforcommunicatingbetweenRelease3and2 @ vaRelease4hosts.2 v /KO7.2.2#Release3TCP-OnlyLam~bdas2 /2 / !aO InRelease3itwRasnecessarytodesignateLambdasas\TCP-only"iftheyonly2 ! WahadaccesstotheExcelaninRterfaceandTCPsoftware.-Release4doesnot2 W  asuppRortthisoption.ThisproducesanapparenRtparadox.2  aARelease4LamRbdawillregardanyremotehostasafullycapablehost{one2  5arunningbRothprotocols{ifithasbothaChaosandanIn~ternetaddress.Andof2 5 kacourseitismandatorytospRecifyChaosaddressesforallLam~bdahosts,because2 k  atheChaosaddressisusedforinRterprocessorcommunications.)Therefore,all2  VaremoteLam~bRdasappeartobeChaos-capablefromtheperspectiv~eofaRelease2 V  a4LamRbda.SincemostfunctionsgothroughChaosnetbydefault,aRelease42  Basystem Ocannot O connect witha Release 3 TCP-onlyLambda inthe usualmanner.2 B 4aIf all systems are upRdated with Release 4,and if the proper site le modi cations2 4 jaaremade,thenthiscompatibilitRyproblemwillneverarise.2 j \aButifitbRecomesnecessary|,onatemporarybasis,tobootasystemwitha2 \ aRelease3bandthatde neshostsasTCP-only|,thenallotherRelease4hosts2  Ham~ustbetoldtoaccesstheRelease3hostviaTCPonly|.2 H :aThisisdoneb~yresettingthe leaccesspathstotheRelease3host,andthen2 : paforcingaTCP/FTPaccesspathtobecreated.ThefunctionO fs:reset- le-access2 p &aO causesexisting leaccess pathstobe\forgotten".The macro O fs:with-ftp-access-2 & \aonlyO (seepage80)canthenbReusedtoestablishanaccesspathspecifying2 \ aTCP/FTP|.2  aF{orexample,Rassumethatw~e'reonaRelease4host,tryingtotransfer lestoor2  :afromaRelease3TCP-onlyhostnamed\OTHER-HOST".ThefolloRwingwould2 : pade neaTCPaccesspathtoOTHER-HOST:2 p ;O ;;Resetallestablishedhostaccesspaths:2  N;(fs:reset-file-access)2 N ;;;DosomethingwithFTPtotheRelease3host:2 1;(fs:with-ftp-access-only2 1 co(listf"other-host:~;"))2 c baO Anestablishedaccesspathnormallyremainsine ectuntilthenexttimesite2 b ainformationisloaded(orthesystemisre-booted).2 2 w [[U2  O5O 32RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O7.2.3#FzronR~tEndTCP-ChaosServers2 @2 @ 2KO Release4hostsdonotproRvidetheRelease3surrogate\front-endTCP-CHAOS2 2 hKservRer"serviceforChaos-onlyLambdas.Ifasystemthatwasactingasafront-2 h KendservRerisupgraded,thentheRelease3Chaos-onlyLambdaswillnotableto2  TKaccesstheInRternetuntiltheyareupgradedtoRelease4.Naturally|,Release42 T  KsystemswillbeabletoaccessRelease3Chaos-onlyhosts.2  C5O7.2.4#DISKServ~er2 C2 C 5KO The previous LMIR releases of TCP/IPsoftware used a reserv~ed TCPport for the2 5 kKDISKserver;thepRorthasbeencRhangedforRelease4toensurecompatibility2 k  KwiththeInRternetspeci cation.!Unfortunately|,thiscreatesanincompatibility2  VKbet~weenRelease4andearlierreleases;TCP-onlyhostsrunningRelease2or32 V  KwillnotbeabletocommRunicatewiththeDISKserverofaRelease4host,and2  BKviceversa.2 B2 w [[U2  OlO 332 O2 O2  w d?OP|art(II2 d nfONet}w}orking!Guide2 n2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 34RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR352 O2 O2  w  slO82 s I"System!Arc}hitecture2 I2  aO Lam~bdaRLISPmachinesystemsprovideLocalAreaNetw~ork(LAN)in~tercon-2  5anectionviaEthernetusingtheT|ransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)and/or2 5 katheMITChaosnetprotoRcol.BothprotocolsareinRtendedtoprovideeasyaccess2 k !atoav}arietRyofremotehostsforpurposessuchas lesharing,Rremotelogins,and2 ! Waelectronicmail.2 W IaOntheLambda,bothRprotocolsarepro~videdusingasinglehardw~areinterface.2 I aUptotwoRinterfaceboardsma~ybepresentonasinglechassis.2  qaFigure8,Rpage36,isadiagramofthefunctionalrelationshipsbRetw~eencompo-2 q 'anenRtsoftheLambdacommunicationsarchitecture.2 ' aChapter2,RO SystemArc~hitectureModi cationsO ,explainstherelationship2  OabRet~weentheLISPprocessorsandhardwRareinterfacesusedbythenetworking2 O asoftw~are.2  waThiscRhapterprovidessomeadditionaldetailconcerningthesoftwarearchitec-2 w ,atureandageneralo~v~erviewofbothChaosnetandTCP/IP{.2 , vKO8.1*Bac~kground2 v2 v haO TheLamRbdacommunicationssoftwareattemptstoimplementbRothprotocols2 h afullywhileinRtegratingthemwithintheLISPworld.&F|orexample,thereisa2  Tastandardsetof\generic" leaccessroutinesthatarelayeredontopofthe2 T acommRunicationsprotocols.,Therefore,remote leaccessistransparentwith2 @arespRecttotheparticularprotocolin~v~olved.2 @ 2aTheChaosnetprotoRcoloriginatedintheMITArti cialIntelligencelaboratory|,2 2 hawhere it wRas implementedona numberofhost systemtypes,includingtheearly2 h2 w [[U2  O5O 36RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS +.O Figure8.g + SO Example:Lam~bda-2x2-Pluscon gurationVSlx ikDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@xDD@DD@DD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDD~DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD? ?C0001C`3`scawDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD< ^|@~`Gq81 03 03 `3 `c pc<A?~oDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@@@@=|~C~|  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;8nl;8nl;8nl;8nlAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>nn;;nnAA;;>>nn;;nn;;ccnn;;nnAA;;>>nn;;nn;;nn;;nn;;nnAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>AAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>on;;nn;;nnA;;A>nn>;;nn;;cnnc;;nnA;;A>nn>;;nn;;nn;;nn;;nnAAAA>>>>ccccAAAA>>>>000000000]@w@]@w@]@WwAA=]~>wH]HwT}]ccw@]@WwAA=]~>wH]HwT]@w@]@w@]@ AAAG>>>= cccm AAAG>>>=  t\v\v\u]w@]@w@]@w@]w@]@w@]@w@]@w@]@w@]v\t ` @;8nldQJgDDD;;nn;;=sN@@D@8D@D@ysQx_EwE}gEDEt}pU@@x@@@Q|@}tNy@DQExEQy@FQI|DNE;; @@ w@]@\tP `p8?saaaa8sp?`03xXmXmXmXmXmXm8XmxXmX@@n@?s@qa@`a@`a@`a@`a@qa@?a@~`~pXx88xX@@`@?p@s8@a@a@a@a@s@?@?sa?aaaa`>aaaaa?a`p?q````q?  ```p 8       p `~`~?paa`a?p`nq````8`x`X``pxxxp~caac~lffcca ` `p p  x xx x  x xp pp?x?aaa=`pc`cax?=p 3ccTg S wAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR372 O2 O2  w @aLISPmachinesRdevelopedthere.#ChaosnethasbeenanintegralpartofLISP2 @ vamac~hineRsoftw~areformanyyears,andissupportedb~yseveralvendors.2 v haThefocusofChaosnetdevelopmentRw~astoprovidedeeplyembeddedanduser-2 h afriendlycommRunicationfunctionsthatsupportedtheneedsofdevelopers(such2  TaasLISPprogrammers)wRorkingonalocalareanetwork(suchasinaresearch2 T  aen~vironment).AgreatdealoffunctionalelabRorationisdependenRtonortightly2  @aattac~hedtotheprotocol.2 @ 2aF{orexample,cenRtraltotheChaosnetprotocolistheconceptof\transparent2 2 haaccess".OntheLISPmachinesrunningChaosnet,userscanspecify lenames2 h ausingasynRtaxapproximatingthatoftheserver(remote)host;theuser(local)2  Tahost proRvides pathname parsing capabilities.Most utility functions are expected2 T  atodealwithanRy\legal"pathnametype.2  |aTCP/IP protocolsR evolvedinafairlysecuremainframeenvironment, wherehosts2 | 2aofv}arioustRypesmaybeseparatedbylargedistances.Theseprotocolswerenot2 2 haoptimizedforthedegreeof lesharingpRermissibleonlocalareanet~works,or2 h atheprogrammingand lemanipulationstRylesthatweredevelopedaroundLISP2  TamacRhines.Nonetheless, TCP/IP is a very pRopular protocol, given the wide range2 T  aof host tRype implementations and the rigorous speci cation as endorsed for DOD2  @ause.2 @ 2aThegoalofnetworkingontheLamRbda,therefore,istoprovide\thebestof2 2 habothwRorlds":%thetransparentfeaturesof leaccesstoanyrecognizedhost2 h atype,theRtightlycoupledprogrammingfeaturesprovidedbyChaosnet,andthe2  SawideRav}ailabilitytoTCP-compatiblehosts.T|othegreatestpossibleexten~t,the2 S  aRelease4networkingRsoftw~areusesthebestprotocolaccessmethoda~v}ailable2  ?aforeac~htask.2 ? |KO8.2*ServicesandFyunctionalit~y2 |2 | naO ThetableinFigure9,page38liststheChaosnetfeaturesproRvidedbythe2 n $aLam~bRda.Figure10,page39liststhesupportedTCP/IPfeaturesandLam~bda2 $ Zaextensions.2 Z2 w [[U2  O5O 38RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w 5  AS tOF{eatureg tg tqDescriptiong tg tg t 5AS O QFILE,LISPM-QFILEg g qT|ransparen~t leaccesstoremotehostsg g g  DLOCAL-FILEg Dg DqLocalhost leaccessg Dg Dg D zMailg zg zqMailaccesstoremotemailserv~ersg zg zg z 0Supdupg 0g 0qRemoteloging 0g 0g 0 fTigerg fg fqPrinRtingtolocal/remoteLambdahosts*g fg fg f Fingerg g qUserloginstatusg g g  QHostatg Qg QqHost(\arey~outhere")statusg Qg Qg Q ExtendedStreams xOtmu g g qO In~ter-processorcomm~unicationsg g g  =(streamsandsharedmemory)*g =g =g = sDiskg sg sqRemotediskinformationg sg sg s )Timeg )g )qRemotehosttime-of-dayg )g )g ) *Non-MIT,Lam~bdaextensiong g g  O Figure9.O ChaosnetFR|eaturesandFunctionalit~yg  AS2   5O8.3*Net~w}orkRSoft~w~areInitializations2  2  {KO WhenaLambRdaiscold-booted,itsetsup(\con gures")itsnetworkingen~vi-2 { 1KronmenRtbasedonthefollowingkindsofinformation:2 1 @~1.2 @CitsoRwnhostidentity2 @ ~2.2 CtheaRv}ailablehardwareinterfaces2  O~3.2 OCtheexternalnet~work(siteinformation)2 O MKEarly in this proRcess,the Lambda determines its oRwnhost identity by inspecting2 M KthediskpacRkname.Apacknameisalistofhostnames,separatedbyspaces.2  9KHostnamesarelistedinthepacknameintheordertheyappearonthesystem2 9 oKNubus;i.e,theslot0nameisfollowedRb~ytheslot4name(ifany),thenthe2 o %KnameofthethirdLISPorUnixprocessor(ifany).2 % KF{unctionsareproRvidedtosetandinspectthepackname:2  #F|unction2 #2 #KO si:set-pac~k-nameOpac~k-name&optionalunit2 # Y`O SetthepacRknametothestringOpack-nameO .2 Y K`F|orexample:2 K w:O (si:set-pack-name"lama")q;Lambda2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR392 O2 O2  wK  AS tOProtocol} t} twDescription} t} teUse} t} t} t 5AS O Net~w~orkLevel:} } }  zO IP} z} zwIn~ternetProtocol} z} ze(Systeminternaluseonly)} z} z} z fO Con~trol/T{ransportLev~els:} f} f} f QO TCP} Q} QwT|ransmissionControlProtocol} Q} QeImplementingcomplexprotocols} Q} Q} Q UDP} } wUserDatagramProtocol} } eImplementingsimpleprotocols} } }  =ARP} =} =wAddressResolutionProtocol} =} =e(Systeminternaluseonly)} =} =} = sICMP} s} swIn~ternetRCon~trolMessage} s} se(Systeminternaluseonly)} s} s} s )Protocol} )} )} ) O ApplicationLev~els:} } }  O FTP} } wFiletransferprotocol} } eNet~work-wide leaccess} } }  7SMTP} 7} 7wSimpleMailT|ransferProtocol} 7} 7eMailaccessusingZMail} 7} 7} 7 mTELNET} m} mwT|elnetProtocol} m} meRemotelogin} m} m} m #IMAGEN} #} #wLaserPrinterProtocol} #} #ePrintingtoImagen*} #} #} # O TCPandUDPServ~ers:} } }  {O DISK} {} {wRemoteDiskProtocol} {} {eNet~workdiskfunctions} {} {} { 1v(suchasbandtransfers)} 1} 1} 1 gvbRetw~eenLambdas*} g} g} g TIME} } wHostTimeProtocol} } eHosttime-of-da~yaccess*} } }  SFINGER} S} SwTCPFingerServ~er} S} SeUserloginstatus*} S} S} S  RzWHO}  }  wRemoteWho}  }  eUserloginstatus**}  }  }  ?R~UPTIME} ?} ?wRemoteUptime} ?} ?eSystemup-timestatus**} ?} ?} ? +*Non-DOD,Lambdaextension} +} +} + a**P~opularindustryextension} a} a} a XO Figure10.O TCP/IPFR|eaturesandFunctionality} X wAS2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 40RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @:O (si:set-pack-name"lamalambunix-a") ;Lambda2 @ r:2x2-Plus2 r O F|unction2 2 KO si:get-pac~k-name2  7`O Obtain the pacRk name from the disk;returns multiple v~alues, one for each2 7 m`name.2 m _`F|orexample:2 _  :O (multiple-value-setq(slot0slot4unix)2  <#(si:get-pack-name))2 < KKO Ifthehost'sownnameislistedintheloadedsiteinformation,thehostsets2 K Kthev}ariableO si:local-hostO (seepage117)toitso~wnhostobject,alongwithother2  7Kv~ariables.(SeeSection14.3,LocalHostV{ariables.)2 7 )KIfthesystem'soRwnhostinformationisnotde ned,thesystemcontinuesto2 ) _Kinitializeitself,butittakResonthespecialhostidentity|,O AMNESIAO .Whenahost2 _ KbootsasO AMNESIAO ,awRarningisprintedtotelltheuserthatthepropersite2  KKinformationm~ustbReloaded.Remote leaccess,andsomelocal leoperations,2 K Kwillnotfunctionproperlyun~tilsite lesareloaded.!(F|orfurtherinformation2  7KseeSection9.2.3,HostAMNESIA).2 7 )KWhenthenet~workRsoftw~areiscon gured,v}ariousinterfacestoprotocolsand2 ) _KdrivRersareestablished.Atthelowestlevelarethenetworkinterfaces(including2 _ KthehardwRaredrivers):2  &O2 &CO \ONE"-3COMorEXRCELANinterfacetotheETHERNETnetwork2 & nO2 nCO \SHARE"-inRterfacetoBACKPLANEnetwork(inter-processorstreams)2 n 6O2 6CO \LOOPBA~CK"RinterfacetoL~OOPBA~CKnet~work(usedinternally)2 6 5KTheRnetw~orkprotocolsareusedinternallytoestablishaccesspathsforthesub-2 5 kKprotocols:2 k |O2 |CO \INTERNET"forTCPandUDP2 | DO2 DCO \CHA~OS"forChaosnet2 D O2 CO \ARP"fortheAddressResolutionProtocol2 KTheInRternetnetworkprotocolisaccessedviathe\IPgateway",whichinturn2 AKcomprisesthetranspRortprotocolsandassignedsoc~k~etsthroughwhichthesub-2 A wKprotocolsareimplemen~ted:2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR412 O2 O2  w @&O2 @YO \TCP"-TELNET,FTPR|,SMTP,DISK,TIME,FINGER2 @ &O2 YO \UDP"-RzWHO,NAMESP|A~CE,TIME2  M&O2 MYO \ICMP"(controlmessages)2 M LaTCP connectionsare established bRy the appropriate servers;controlconnections2 L acomeandgoasrequired.2  taThecurrenRtstateoftheinterfaces,protocols,andconnectionsaredisplayedby2 t *atheO P~eekO program(seeSection10.4).2 *2 w [[U2  O5O 42RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR432 O2 O2  w  slO92 s IECon guration!Procedures2 I2  aO This cRhapter explains how to set up network con guration information for Lamb-2  5adas.2 5 'aTheterm\site les"isusedtorefertothesource lesthatde nethenetw~ork2 ' ]a(\site")con gurationinformation.2 ] &KO9.1*SiteFileOv~erview2 &2 & aO T|ocon gureanet~workwithLamRbdas,thesystemornetworkadministrator2  Namodi esandmain~tainscertain les.Theinformationinthese lesiscompiled2 N aandthenloaded inRtothe running LISPenvironment,or\world".Thisprocessis2  :aidenRticaltomaintainingaLISPprogram,Rorsystem,madeupofmultiple les.2 : paMostofthesitecon gurationinformation,infact,isenteredasLISPcode.2 p baUpRdatingthesite lesourcesisacyclicalprocessm~uchRlik~emaintainingany2 b aLISPsystemorprogram:editing,compiling,loading,testing/debugging,and2  Nasoon,unRtilthesite le\program"isworkingasdesired.2 N @aSeeFigure11,Rpage43,foragraphicillustrationoftheedit/compile/load/test2 @ vacycleforsite les.This gurealsodiagramstherelationshipsamongthev}arious2 v ,asourceandcompiled les.2 , aWhenthecRhangeshavebeentestedanddebugged,andastableversionofthe2  Tasite leshasbeenac~hieved,itisgenerallydesirabletoO disk-sa~v~eO thenewsite2 T ainformationaspartofacompleteLISPw~orldondisk.Otherwise,thesite les2 @amRustbeloadedeverytimethesystemisbooted.2 @ 2aThesite lecRhangesdocumentedbelowareallchangestoentriesinthe les2 2 hacon~tainedinthedirectorywiththelogicalpathnameO "O SYS:SITE;O "O .2 h2 w [[U2  O5O 44RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KTherelev~antsource lesare: 1O1m @2 @ OKO SYS:SITE;SYS.TRANSLA{TIONS-2 O2 O2 O ;O de nesthelogicalpathnameO "O SYS:SITE;O "2  LKO SYS:SITE;HOSTS.TEXT-2 L2 L2 L ;O conRtainstabularentriestode neeachnetworkhost2  HKO SYS:SITE;SITE.LISP-2 H2 H2 H ~;O de nessite-widesystemoptions2 ~ EKO SYS:SITE;LML~OCS.LISP-2 E2 E2 E {;O de nescertainattributesofeacRhLISPmachineonthenetwork;op-2 { 1;tionally|,providesfor\loRcal"(per-Lambda)overridingv}aluestosite2 1 g;options2 g :5O9.2*De ningRNet~w}orkHosts-HOSTS.TEXT2 :2 : ,KO The leO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O isatablewhicRhcontainsoneentryforeachnetwork2 , bKhost./TheO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O leisactuallyadatatablemaintainedinNIC2 b K(HOSTS2)format.2   KWhenthesystemmanagerexecutesO (mak~e-system'site)O withparameterstore-2  @Kcompile the site les,O "O HOSTS.TEXTO " O is the rst le processed.EacRh host entry2 @ vKistranslatedintoaLISPformcallingO si:de ne-hostO ,andtheseformsarewritten2 v ,Kouttothe leO "O HSTTBL.LISPO "O .(Bydefault,thetranslationisonlyperformed2 , bKwhenthe leO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O isO newerO thanO "O HSTTBL.LISPO "O .)2 b KK {A> y BA H9 nNevRermodifyO "O HSTTBL.LISPO "O directly;allchangesOmustO bemadetothe n $source,O "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O . $ B,A H9 } B KA> y2 K2 K 5O9.2.1#FzormatofHOSTS.TEXT2 2  uKO EacRhlineoftextinaO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O lemustbeoneofthefollowing:2 u ~1.2 CAlinebeginningwithasemi-colon\;"isO ac}ommentO .2 5 5AX US FO1g Ug UO Other lescon~tainedwithintheO "O SYS:SITE;O "O directorygenerallypRertaintospeci cg U softw~aresystemssucRhasO VistaO andO IrisO .Customer-de nedsystemsarealsode nedbyg A leslocatedinthisdirectory|.SeetheexplanationofO make-systemO intheO LISPMachineg A wManualO .g w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR452 O2 O2  wK  AS VSl 1k|@|`0`0000@0`0`0`0`0@||a~a~xx~~~A~AxxAA`x`|N@x|N~`|~`xL  LLgGFcLLFc LFc Fc Fc LwLNGI@@c9g1C1C1C1C18S`\c`@`@@c9`C1A1A1C1C18V`\fCGn;&c;fc3c3c3&c3CG{< `` ````cC` ff` ff` gf` f` f&`sC03 1 q 1 1 1 1 1{O pp}~c]6c @0F ``F 0`F`>q|n 0L`p0`` ~l[x0000x0@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@FC@@@``8@0 p``8@0 @p``@0@p``8 @@p```80 """"""""""qw{cv[c@A""""||<l6`6@|0""""`qqp@cpX@cXA"""""""""x?ay   c9X@Aaq`Op xDD8t@lfxoqhRN3   xr8X`|pqC$b#`ag@@CF@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@p@0 `8`@p@0 `8`@p@0`@p @8`0 `8`"""""""" @A @ac?GG""""""""@l0@l3Lf3Ax~7""""""""@Ap@a1csGG"""""""""""""""""""" !qG B$B$ Cd B81d0@@xpDDD D D`BX"d$DDDx@`@@aXp $ q$$x$i$xpxxrxDbDDDbD@@@@@@@@@@@@h@@@@@x@@@p@@@@@@@@@@@@DD"DC"DF "D@"DD""DDDDDDx{}~1;m61`0`@@```@``0@`C1@ccA`DDDD""""DDDDDDDD>x L >66 f3|pLxDDDD""""DDDDDDDD?G C << 0` p?_DDDD""""DDDDDDD""DD""dDDHQ""DD""DDD"""DDD""""""""""""""""""""""m     ;0>` n `0003 Ff0l~xx"""""""""""""""">"""3>0`"""p"""""""""""@@@@@@@@@@@@CA@@@@@AC@@@@@@@@@@@0G9L@?L@p6L`6L86O 0L80L`0L@p0L@0Lc 3@30@3`@3@@s|3@@?3`@30@3@3 c ~ 1C @ p@ p@``~@0`0`0` 0`C``~?Os   | l lCl        s @0p@p@0""DD""DD""DD""DD""DD""DD""""DDDD""""DDDD>=~"n6D`000`0`" 0`Dl`@xq`"D""""DDDD""""DDDD""""DDDD?x?L<<<<0 0c`~ppLx""""DDDD""""DDDD""""DDDDG C  b D?_H""""DDDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD"" DDD<@B@GHHHFH:G     " "  8@@ O8LHDHHDHH|HH@H<q<   8 DLDH|H@H<3D""> xadq p ! @@GH HHHG8Z# 8b$L@ADH0AGH@ @Hpa@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\d n%HLt H%HRN(%4($%T($%W(D%(C.aTsDAbADas     3=   G< f<0ll0lX0LX3L<A xhdqqpsp   @ ` gc3GC<I  7 0  v0|x@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@CA@@@@@AC@@@0 @p`8 @8`@p@0 @0@p``80 `8`@p@0 @@p``8@0 `8`@p @0 @``8@0 `8`@0 @0p@p@0""DD"D  "D3"D"DD""""DDDD <  <0 l0 X0X3=<DDDD""""DDDDqpGsp9f0l`l@`L`aLgc3GC?DDDD""""DDDDppx0q8C@qGp@G0`p0 31{cDDDD"""DDDr""`DD`AB""LDDy""DD""DDD#$$# $$#8DDDD8G@`@$ `@ QGD Q@'@JG$JH$DHDDGbV QQr! r  '$H$H$O$HG$G 'q$I $H $H $H $GqpaX$q$ $ $i$cHcC $ #    `Hb'@@@@@@@p`@ @@@x @&@yB@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@DDDDDDDD@DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD@@DD@DD@|| xxx^c`MLF` A@ F@DDDD4@8tp`DD DD |D p@D aXLfaq|DDDDq? q   0q m9 0C `G `F a03 x<DDDD&f#"y:"a"&a"!>%;>B>e"&e9&e!&e!%;!z<f% %z=81b% b% %ce<8dxph$['%fi6Bg1.g1&@f)&BZg%;Cz="; "B;};O,OO,O<Ouser/serverO>O,O<Osystem-typReO>O,OO,[OO]2 2 $ aO Itispossible tocreatea host \on the y",Rasfollows:execute O si:de ne-hostO ,then2  LacallO si:parse-hostO (seepage114).2 L >aF{orexample:2 > j;O (si:define-host"UNIX-A"2 j ]:host-names4'("UNIXA""UNIX-A")2  N]:machine-type:nu2 N ]:system-type:unix2  2]:chaos'(#o3440))2 2 ;(si:parse-host'unix-a)2  aO IfthehostdoResnotbelongonanRyphysicalnetwork,usethekeywordO :NO-2  JaNETWRORKO insteadofeitherO :CHAOSRO orO :INTERNETO ,andspecifyO NILO asthelist2 J aofaddresses.2  4a BA> y ,A j~ 5O Note:O UsingO si:de ne-hostO directlyasdescribRedaboveisO notO recommended. 5 kThisfunction,andothersthatarecalledthroughout thenetw~orking softw~are, k !donotchec~kthehostobjectdata;supplyingerroneoushostinformationcan ! WcreatesevRerenetworkingproblems.Itisbettertoaddallnewhoststhrough W  thenormalsite leprocess.   ,,A j~ , 4A> y2 42 4 zKO9.2.2#HostAddresses2 z2 z laO EvReryhostspeci edinthesite lesmusthaveatleastonenetworkaddress.2 l "aOneormoreaddressesofeithertypRe,CHA~OSorINTERNET,canbeprovided.2 " Xa(F|orexample,yRoumightprovidetwoInternetaddressestoahostthatactsasa2 X aTCP/IPgateway|.)Ifmorethanonehostaddressislisted,alltheaddressesare2  Daenclosedinapairofbrackets.2 D 5aF{orexample:2 5 b;OHOSTLAMBDA-A,WCHAOS3430,...2 b ;HOSTLAMBDA-B,WINTERNET110.0.0.1,...2  E;HOSTLAMBDA-C,W[CHAOS3440,INTERNET110.0.0.2],...2 E w;HOSTGATE-1,[INTERNET110.0.0.100,INTERNET101.0.0.100],...2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 48RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KMostRnetw~orkingfunctionsaccepteitherahostnameoracombinationofnet-2 @ vKworkRkeywordandaddress.#F|untionsthatarespeci callyrelatedtoTCP/IP2 v ,KwillinRterpretanynumberasanInternetaddress.Stringsareparsed rsttosee2 , bKiftheyspecifyaknoRwnhostname,and nallyasdotteddecimalnumbers(see2 b KbRelow).$Chaosnetfunctionsbehaveinasimilarfashion,andtypicallyexpect2  NKeitherahostname,hostobject,oranumericChaosnetaddress.2 N @KThefunctionO net:parse-addressO (seepage116)isusedinRternally|,andmaybe2 @ vKusefulfordevelopers.2 v 95O9.2.2.1"In~ternetAddresses2 92 9 +KO The DODRMilitaryStandardfor the IPprotocol(Ref:MIL-STD-1777,8/12/83)2 + aKde nes,amongotheraspRectsoftheIPprotocol,hoRwnetworksandnetwork2 a KenRtities(hosts)aretobeidenti ed.2   KTheRt~woIPnetw~orkdesignationswhichareusedinLambdasite lesarethe2  ?KO net~w~orkaddressesO foreachhostand,Rwhensubnetsareinuse,theapplicable2 ? uKO subnetmask(s)O . TheseareinturnconstrainedbythedesignatedO net~w~ork2 u +Kn~um~ber(s)O whicRhcorrespondtothephysicaland/orlogicalnetworklayoutin2 + aKuse.2 a SKTheRnet~workaddresses,netw~orkn~umber,andapplicablesubnetmasksarede-2 S  KterminedbRythenetworkadministrator; zO2`  $O allarerepresentedas32-bitnumbers.2  ?KThese 32-bit num~bersRmaybeexpressedinv}ariousways:aslargedecimal,octal,2 ? uKorhexadecimaln~umbers,or(morelegibly)in\dotteddecimal"format.2 u gKIn dotted decimal format,R each group of 8 bits,or \octet",is expressed decimally|,2 g KandoRctetsareseparatedbyperiods.Anoctetcanhaveaprintedv~aluefrom02  SK(eacRhbitis0)to255(eachbitis1).Ifa32-bitnumberhasallbitssetto1,the2 S  KdotteddecimalrepresenRtationwouldbeO "O 255.255.255.255O "O .2  {KOf course,R LISP can directly represen~t decimal,octal,and hexadecimal notations2 { 0Kand comparethem internally|.But dotted decimal format is notastandard LISP2 0 fKtRype,sothenetworkingfunctionsworkwithstringswhichcontaintheprinted2 f Kformoftheaddress.F{orexample,thefolloRwingInternetaddressdesignations2  RKareequiv}alenRttothenetworkingsoftware:2 R cO2 cCO Dotteddecimalstring:O "O 101.0.0.152O "2 c +O2 +CO Decimal:O 16944989682 +5 WAX wS hO2g wg wO ArpanetRnet~worknum~bersareociallyassignedbyNIC.g w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR492 O2 O2  w  K  AS VSl^ 1k;Q$0Q Q$9$$$$      08            $ <      <$    CAAAhf``|@p0o`hf``|@`SaRyRaRa}A!!!%:B&f@&{&s@>j%&@?R]!03C|=09122&f2&>2&&2&f3Y'001111@`P`;;Yff&f{3fr fj&B{'Y@@@111 M1311]]l33s=Y39@ `0o``hf``|@0o``!@A05A>S %:Ca&fBy&{Ba&sBa>j}%&P@@@@B131lS001135a=Sl @22&f2&>2&&2&f3Y'00;;Yff&f{3fr fj&B{'Y@@@1111^ L   O LH]^ L   O LH]^ L   O LH] 28CCC`I&co<s@ 2`8fFC`I&fo<F` 2 8  C I&&o<F1IIHHH0D1$$   8@C0DDDDD8cpNV`I$TIdTI(lf(C;$'$3 >N0g   g6O@@YXVc8q33 HRRHR^HRPl{Y g8 "  " "s8A0@@f@`@8@gA#p !P A@ @!!`!c@ F | )  (  ) F@ s"@! 3 NHHHN 9N9 RH9RHIRH?m50 c%Lcx@@1@JB@J@JR@1`f8` ) @  !G8`!a cc$ $q$S\ssy*Ht#D"{MqNA#%NIHH!HaN8` @ p9H$H$H$00`H 8H9 0$H$H$80  `@ L``@ L`T nTO Figure12.O In~ternetAddresses} n  AS2  q&O2 qYO Octal:O #o145000002302 q 7&O2 7YO Hexadecimal:O #x650000982 7 6aO Net~workingfunctionsexpectinganInRternetaddresswillgenerallytakeanyof2 6 latheseformats.2 l ^aT|oproRvidesome exibilityinassigningO hostaddressesO ,theIPspeci cation2 ^ ade nesseveralrangesofaddress,or\classes".'Thethreeclassesincommon2  JausageareknownasclassesA,B,andC.2 J <aAnIPhostaddressconsistsofthree elds:2 < J1.2 JYabitsequencethatindicatesthenetw~orkclass,2 J 2.2 Yabitsequenceforthenet~worknumber,2  W3.2 WYandabitsequenceforthelocal(host)address.2 W UaBy inspRecting the high-order bits in an address, it is alwa~ys possible to determine2 U atheRnetw~orkclassdesignation.Theo setandlengthoftheother eldsdepends2 Aaonthenetw~orkclass.'Figure12,Rpage47,shoRwshowanInternetaddressis2 A wacomposed.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 50RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KAO subnetmaskO isabitmaskthatcanbemeaningfullyappliedtoanInternet2 @ vKnetw~orkaddresstomaskthenetw~orkRn~um~ber eld.Whensubnetsareinuse,2 v ,Kthe applicable subnet maskis usedto kReepdi erent subnets togetherorseparate2 , bKforroutingpurposes.AsillustratedinFigure13,Rpage48,thedefaultsubnet2 b Kmasks are those that are commonly used for the appropriate class net~work where2  NKsubnetsareO notO inuse.2 N >5 ?AS (ONet~workClass:g (g (UO {A{g (g (*{B{g (g (~{C{g (g (g ( Sampleaddress:g g U100.000.000.002g g *128.001.000.002g g ~192.001.002.003g g g  JNet~worknumber:g Jg JU100.000.000.000g Jg J*128.001.000.000g Jg J~192.001.002.000g Jg Jg J DefaultSubnetg g g  6!Mask:g 6g 6U255.000.000.000g 6g 6*255.255.000.000g 6g 6~255.255.255.000g 6g 6g 6 "O Figure13.O Example-Net~workAddressesandSubnetMasksg " >AS2 > i5O9.2.2.2"ChaosAddresses2 i2 i [KO EacRhhostontheChaosnetlocal-areanetworkisidenti edbya16-bitO Chaos2 [ KaddressO consistingoftwo elds:themostsigni canRt8bitsidentifyaOsubnetO ,2  GKandtheleastsigni canRt8bitsidentifyahostwithinthatsubnet.Both elds2 G }Km~ustbenon-zero.2 } oKThesubnetnumbRerofagiv~enChaosaddresscanbedeterminedinLISPas2 o %Kfollo~ws:2 % Q%O (ldb#o1010OaddressO )2 Q OKO ByRconvention,Chaosaddressesaregenerallyspeci edasoctalnum~bers.Inthe2 O Ksite leO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O eacRhoctaladdressisentereddirectly|,withoutapre x.2  ;KButinLISP|,theoctalrepresenRtationmustbeindicatedbytheoctalpre x,for2 ; qKexample,O #o37412 q cKO TherangeofaddressesforaparticularsubnetnumbRercanbecalculatedas2 c Kfollo~ws:2  E%O low5address:N(*256)2 E w%highaddress:N(+(*256)255)2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR512 O2 O2  w & ,aHereisalistgivingthehighandlowaddressforsubnets1through15:2 ,K 7AS wOSUBNET} } nLOW} } eHIGH} } }  {wO 1} {} {n400} {} {e777} {} {} { 1w2} 1} 1n1000} 1} 1e1377} 1} 1} 1 gw3} g} gn1400} g} ge1777} g} g} g w4} } n2000} } e2377} } }  Sw5} S} Sn2400} S} Se2777} S} S} S  w6}  }  n3000}  }  e3377}  }  }  ?w7} ?} ?n3400} ?} ?e3777} ?} ?} ? uw8} u} un4000} u} ue4377} u} u} u +w9} +} +n4400} +} +e4777} +} +} + aw10} a} an5000} a} ae5377} a} a} a w11} } n5400} } e5777} } }  Lw12} L} Ln6000} L} Le6377} L} L} L w13} } n6400} } e6777} } }  8w14} 8} 8n7000} 8} 8e7377} 8} 8} 8 nw15} n} nn7400} n} ne7777} n} n} n &AS2 & aLamRbdaChaosnetsoftwaredoResnotimposerestrictionsonChaosaddresses.2  NaTherefore, LamRbda hosts on the same physical network can have Chaos addresses2 N aindicatingdi erenRtlogicalsubnets.Note,however,thatLambdahostscannot2  :aactasChaosnetgatewaysorbridges,buttheycanco-existonanetw~orkwith2 : paotherChaosnethoststhatperformthesefunctions.2 p baThereisonerestrictedChaosaddress.#Asdescribedinthenextsection,one2 b aaddressisreserv~edforthespecialhostO \AMNESIA"O .2  EKO9.2.3#HostAMNESIA2 E2 E 7aO SometimeswhenaLam~bRdahostbootsupitcannotobtainitsoRwnhostidentity|.2 7 laNormallythishappRenswhenthehost'sownnamecannotbefoundamongthe2 l "akno~wnhostsintheloadedsiteinformation.Inthissituation,thehostassigns2 " XaitselfthereservRedChaosaddress3412(octal)."Byconvention,thisaddressis2 X areserv~edforthespecialhostname,O AMNESIAO .2  aThesamplesite lesincludede nitionsforO AMNESIAO inbothO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "2 6aO andO "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O .It is importanttokeep theseentriesinyourown site les.2 6 (aWhenasystembootsas O AMNESIAO , the systemheralddisplaysthehostname as2 ( ^a\[Unkno~wnChaosAddress]".T|ocorrectthiscondition,useO si:set-sys-hostO (see2 ^ apage64)andO upRdate-site-con guration-infoO (seepage70)topointtoandloada2  Jacurrentsetofsite les.2 J wKO9.2.4#HostUser/ServR~erTypes2 w2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 52RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KEacRhO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O entryincludesa eldcontainingoneofthekeywords,2 @ vK\USER"or\SERzVER".This eldisinRtendedtoindicatewhetherthemachine2 v ,Kprovidesservicestoremotehosts.2 , KThe LamRbda networking software does not maintain oruse this information,but2  TKitisenRteredinthesite lesforcompatibilitywithhost-tableparsersonother2 T  Ksystems.2  *5O9.2.5#HostMacR~hine/SystemTypes2 *2 * KO TwRo eldsineachO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O entryspecifythehost's\machinetype"2  RK(hardwRare)and\systemtype"(software).2 R DKTheR networkingsoftwaredoesn'tactuallydependonthemac~hinetypeforproper2 D zKcommRunications;itisretainedaspartofeachhostobject,however,andcanbe2 z 0KusedbRydevelopers.2 0 "KThesystemt~ype,Rontheotherhand,iscriticaltonetw~orkingRfunctionality;itis2 " XKusedtodeterminethehostobjecttRype,the lesystemtype,andthedirectory2 X Klineparsingtype.2  )O2 )TO TheO hostobjeR}cttypeO isa a~v~orde nitionusedtoimplementmethodsfor2 ) _Caparticularhostsystemtype.SeeSection14.1forabriefdiscussionon2 _ Chostobjects;consulttheO LISPMachineManualO fordetails.2  hO2 hQO TheRO lesystemtyp~eO isusedtodeterminetheappropriate avortobeused2 h Cfor pathname parsing.In general,this correspRonds to the O systemtyp~e O spec-2  TCi edinO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O .Exceptionalcases,forwhichminoroperational2 T  CdistinctionsmRustbeinferred,requirethatthe lesystemtypedi erfrom2  @CthegeneralsystemtRype.ThesemustbRespeci edinO "O SITE.LISPO "O withthe2 @ vCsite leparameterO :SPECIAL-FILE-HOSTSO (seepagepage61).2 v IO2 IXO TheO dir}e}ctorylinepR}arsingtypeO generallycorrespondstothe lesystem2 I CtRype,butisde nedseparatelytoallowforpotentialdiscrepanciesamong2  5Cremote leservRers.%DirectorylineparsingisusedbyTCP/FTPduring2 5 kC leaccess;certainFTPoperationsreceiv~eatextlistingofaremotedi-2 k !Crectory|,andthenetw~orkingRsoftwareparseseac~hlinereceivedtoobtain2 ! WCdetailedinformationabouteacRh le,suchasowner/author,permissions,2 W Candcreationdate(whenav}ailable).2 KA,O Host/SystemT~ypesO ,describestheimplemenRtedsystemtypes.%Theas-2 AKsociatedR a~vorsandk~eyw~ords(suchassystemt~ype)arelistedforeachhost2 A wKtype.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR532 O2 O2  w @KO9.3*SiteOptions2 @2 @ 2aO TheoptionsspReci edinO "O SITE.LISPO "O areglobal:theyaresetforallLam~bda2 2 hahosts.SiteoptionsinO "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O areputintoe ectforaspeci cLambda2 h aonly|.2  YKO9.3.1#GlobalSiteOptions-SITE.LISP2 Y2 Y KaO MostofthesiteoptionsdescribRedlaterinthischapterarenormallyspeci edas2 K aglobaloptions.2  raTheonlyLISPforminO "O SITE.LISPO "O shouldbeacalltothemacroO si:defsiteO ,2 r (awhicRhestablishestheglobalv}aluesofsiteoptions.@O si:defsiteO takestwoargu-2 ( ^aments,OsiteO andOoptionsO .2 ^ PaTheOsiteO argumenRtmustbeakeywordsitename,suchasO :OUR-SITEO .2 P BaTheOoptionsO argumenRtisalistofoptionentries;eachentryisalist.TheO CAR2 B xaO ofeacRhentryisakeywordoptionname,suchasO :ST|ANDALONEO .TheO CADRO of2 x .aeachRentryspeci esthev~alueoftheoption.2 .  aSeeFigure14,page52foralistingofthedistributedexampleO "O SITE.LISPO "O le.2  [KO9.3.2#Lam~bdaRMachineLocations-LML~OCS.LISP2 [2 [ MaO The leO "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O containsanentryforeachLISPMachineatyoursite.2 M aTheprimarypurposeofthis leistoestablishcertainpiecesofinformation,2  9asucRhasthemachineloRcation,thatarespeci ctoeacRhLISPmachinehost.2 9 +aInaddition,globalsiteoptionslistedinO "O SITE.LISPO "O canbeoverridenfora2 + aaparticularhostbRylistingthedesiredv}aluesinitsO "O LMLOCS.LISPO "O entry{.%In2 a ae ect,eacRhhostseesthelocalv}alueforeachsiteoption,ifspeci ed;otherwise,2  Laitseestheglobalv}alue.2 L >aTheonlyLISPforminO "O LML~OCS.LISPO "O shouldbeaO defconstO thatde nesthe2 > tav~ariableO si:machine-location-alistO .2 t &Constant2 2 aO si:machine-location-alist2 6vO AlistofLISPmacRhinelocationentries.2 6 AaThisv}ariableisanassociationlist;eacRhmemberofthelistisanotherlistthat2 A wade nestheloRcationofonehost.Thegeneralpatternofalocationen~tryis:2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 54RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS pO;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Package:SYSTEM-INTERNALS;Base:8-*-g  up;;;PrototypesitedeclarationforLMICustomersg u Yp(DEFSITE:CUSTOMER;change:CUSTOMERto:YOUR-SITE-NAMEg Y  ;;Thehostonwhichthesystemsourcesarelocated.g  <(:SYS-HOST"LM")g <  ;;ThesetwodescribehowtologintotheSYShosttogetmicrocodeer-g  Rprortablesg R ;;andpatchfiles.g  5(:SYS-LOGIN-NAME"LISPM")g 5 g(:SYS-LOGIN-PASSWORD"LISPM")g g K;;Alistofmachinesthathaveaservertoprovidethetimeanddateg K }ptomachinesg } .;;Bonthenetwork.g . `(:CHAOS-TIME-SERVER-HOSTS'("Lambda-A""Lambda-B""Lambda-C"))g ` D;;Hoststhatcanprovideinformationaboutnon-Chaosnethosts.g D v(:CHAOS-HOST-TABLE-SERVER-HOSTS'())g v Y;;Hoststhathavemailserverscapableofforwardingmailanywhere.g Y  (:CHAOS-MAIL-SERVER-HOSTS'())g  o;;TheargumentisthenumberofhourseastofGMT.,EST=5,CST=6,MST=7,g o !pandPST=8.g ! R(:TIMEZONE5)g R 6;;DestinationformailtoBUG-???.g 6 h(:HOST-FOR-BUG-REPORTS"Lambda-A")g h K;;"Localsites",usedbyZMailsummarydisplayg K }(:LOCAL-MAIL-HOSTS'("Lambda-A"))g } a;;Alistoflistsofnamesandprinterspecsg a ;;Initialprintertypesknowninclude:ti855,:toshiba,and:vanilla.g  D(:PRINTER-NAMES'((("OUR-PRINTER")(:ti855"Lambda-A"))))g D (;;Thisisthedefaultprinter.g ( Z(:DEFAULT-PRINTER"OUR-PRINTER")g Z >;;Normalprintingdeviceforscreendumpsandarrays.g > o(:DEFAULT-BIT-ARRAY-PRINTER'(:ti855"Lambda-A"))g o S;;If:standaloneisT,therealtimeisgottendirectlyfromtheSDUg S pclockinsteadg  7;;Bofprobingthenetwork.+Ifyoudonothaveanetwork,youcansaveg 7 hpbootingtimeg h ;;BbysettingthisoptiontoT,althoughthesystemworksequivalentlyg  Lpeitherway.g L ~(:STANDALONENIL)g ~ a;;InterpretationofargumentstoESCFisalwaysLispMachines.g a (:ESC-F-ARG-ALIST'((t.:LISP-MACHINES)g  EO(0.:READ)))g E )(:SHORT-SITE-NAME"CustomerSite")g ) [(:LONG-SITE-NAME"GenericLMICustomerSite")g [ )g O$O Figure14.O ExampleofSITE.LISPg O gAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR552 O2 O2  w $;O (host-full-namepr}etty-name2 $ VMlo}c~ation-string2 V M(building o~or)2  9Masso~ciate~d-machine2 9 kMsite-options)2 k jaO TheelemenRtsofeachlocationentryareenteredasfollows:2 j y&O2 yYO Host-full-name:ThenameofthehosttobRede ned,speci edasastring.2 y ?&O2 ?YO Pretty-name:MAstringgivingafulldescriptionofthehost./Thisis2 ? uYdispla~yed,forexample,byO print-heraldO andO hostatO .2 u <&O2 <YO LoRcation-string:HAstringdescribingtheph~ysicallocationofthehost2 < rYsystem.2 r 8&O2 8YO Building- oRor: Alistdescribingthesitelocationofthehost.%The rst2 8 nYelemenRtofthelistisasymbRolthatdescribestheph~ysicalsite;thesecond2 n $YelemenRtcanbeusedtodistinguishaparticularphysicallocationwithin2 $ ZYthatRsite.Acon~v~entionthatisusedatman~ysitesistoenterthebuilding2 Z Ynameand oor.2  W&O2 WYO AssoRciated-machine:)Thisis the nameofthehostwhere userslocate their2 W  Ypersonaldirectories. TheO loginO function,Rbydefault,loRoksontheassoci-2  CYatedmachineforusers'directoriesandinitialization les.Theassociated2 C yYmac~hineneednotbRethesameasthelocalhost;onanetw~orkwhereusers2 y .YsharemRultiplemachinesinaterminalroom,Rforexample,itmaRybeconve-2 . dYnienRttodesignatea leserverwithalarge lecapacityastheassociated2 d YmacRhineforallLambdas.2  a&O2 aYO Site-options:This is a list of site option/v}alue pairs that override the global2 a YoptionsenRteredinO "O SITE.LISPO "O ."Theoverridingv~aluesareseenonlyby2  MYtheonehostde nedinthismacRhinelocationentry|.Siteoptionsthatare2 M Ycustomizableforindividualconvenience,suchasO :DEFzAUL|T-PRINTERO ,are2  9Ycommonlyoverriden.2 9 7aF{orexample,thefolloRwingentryspReci esinformationspeci ctoLambdahost2 7 maO COUSIN-ITO :itsassociatedmacRhineisO UNCLEO ,andtheTI855printerattached2 m #atoitisthedefaultprin~ter.2 # OoO ("COUSIN-IT""CousinIt"4"K.Corbett'soffice"(LOWELL2)2 O  "UNCLE"2  3 ((:DEFAULT-PRINTER(:TI855"COUSIN-IT"))))2 3 1aO SeeFigure15,page54foralistingofthedistributedexampleO "O LML~OCS.LISPO "2 1 gaO le.2 g2 w [[U2  O5O 56RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w5  AS pO;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Package:SI;Base:8;Readtable:T-*-g  up;;;InterimSitedeclarationsforaCUSTOMERg u Yp;;;PrototypeLispMachinelocationsfileforLMIcustomers.g Y <p;;;ThisfileisSYS:SITE;LMLOCS.LISPg <  p;;;ThisfiledefinesSI:MACHINE-LOCATION-ALIST,whichdescribesthephysicalg  Rp;;;locationandspecificcharacteristicsofallLispMachinesdefineding R ptheg  5p;;;hosttableSYS:CHAOS;HOSTS.TEXT.g 5 p;;;MACHINE-LOCATION-ALISTisalistofentries,oneforeachLispMachine.g  Kp;;;Eachentrylookslike:g K }p;;;X(host-namepretty-namelocation(buildingfloor)associated-machineg } .psite-options)g . `p;;;wherehost-nameistheofficialnameofthemachine(sameasintheg ` phosttable),g  Dp;;;pretty-nameisahuman-readableversionofthehost-name,locationisg D vptypicallyg v 'p;;;anofficeand/orphonenumber,buildingandfloorareself-explanatory,g ' Ypandg Y  p;;;associated-machineisthedefaultloginhostforthisLispMachine.g  op;;;SiteoptionsareprimarilydeclaredinSYS:SITE;SITE.LISP,forallLispg o !pMachinesg ! Rp;;;ataparticularsite.+However,anindividualLispMachinemayhaveg R pcustomizedg  6p;;;siteoptionsbyincludingalistof(optionvalue)pairsasthelastg 6 hpargumentg h p;;;ofitsLMLOCSentry.,Thisissometimesusedtomakeamachineuseag  Kpsys-hostorg K }p;;;defaultprinterotherthanthedefaultspecifiedinthesitefile.g } ap;;;Example:g a p;;;("GODOT""WaitingforGodot""Room341,x2674"("1000MassAve."3)g  Dp"LAMBDA-A"g D vp;;;Z'((:sys-host"POZZO")(:default-printer"LUCKY")))g v Zp;;;Asinthehosttable,AMNESIAisaspecialmachineusedtodenoteun-g Z pknownhosts.g op(DEFCONSTMACHINE-LOCATION-ALISTg o !J'(("LAMBDA-A"D"LambdaRA"D"MachineRoom"g ! S (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")g S 7v("LMI-AMNESIA""[UnknownChaosAddress]"B"Nonexistent"g 7 h (Elsewhere0)"LMI-AMNESIA")g h Lv("LAMBDA-B"/"LambdaB"\"MachineRoom"g L ~ (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")g ~ 0 av("LAMBDA-C"p"LambdaC"D"MachineRoom"g a  (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")g  E wv("LAMBDA-D"p"LambdaD"."MachineRoom"g w ) (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")g ) [ v("LAMBDA-E"p"LambdaE"."MachineRoom"g > (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")g > p "v("LAMBDA-F"p"LambdaF"."MachineRoom"g " T (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")g T  7v("LAMBDA-G"p"LambdaG"."MachineRoom"g 7 i (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")g i  Mv("LAMBDA-H"p"LambdaH"."MachineRoom"g M ~ (CUSTOMER1)"LAMA")g ~ 0 bv))g b VuO Figure15.O ExampleofLMLOCS.LISPg V nAS2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR572 O2 O2  w @KO9.3.3#Net~work-WideOptions2 @2 @ 2aO ThesiteoptionsdescribRedinthissectionpertaintothenetw~orkasawhole.2 2 AaO :NETW~ORK-NAMESO[list-of-netw~ork-specs]2 A2 A2 A w >QO The v}alue of this option is a list of net~workR speci cations;eachspeci -2 > tQcation includes network name(s),Rnumber,and (optionally) IP subnet2 t *Qmask.2 * pQInpractice,theinformationspeci edbRythisoptionisonlyusedby2 p &QLamRbdassituatedonanIPnetworkwithsubnets.(However,itis2 & \Qrecommendedthaty~ouspRecifytheoption,sincetheSiteEditordoes2 \ Qrequireit,andfuturesoftw~areRmaydependonit.2  YQThe rstelemenRtofeachspeci cationisalistofstrings,eachstring2 Y QproRvidinganicknameforthenetwork.2  UQThesecondelemenRtofeachspReci cationisanassociationlistde-2 U  QscribingtheprotoRcolssupportedonthisnet~work.Eac~hmem~berof2  AQthislistisitselfalistthatbReginswithanet~workprotocolkeyword,2 A wQeitherO :CHAROSO orO :INTERNETO .F|ollowingeachprotocolkeywordis2 w -QthecorrespRondingnet~worknumber.F|orRO :CHAOSO ,thisisthesubnet2 - cQn~umbRer;forO :INTERNETO ,thisisthenetw~orknumber.2 c *QOptionally|,folloRwinganInternetnetworknumber,thesitemanager2 * `QcanspecifyaOsubnetmaskO .Thissubnetmaskisthenused(inplace2 ` Qofthedefault)todistinguishaddressesonseparatesubnetswithin2  LQtheRnet~work.Ifsubnetsarenotinuse,thesubnetmaskO mustb}eNIL2 L QorabsentO forIn~ternetaddressingtobehandledcorrectly{.2  HQSeeSection9.2.2.1,O InternetAddressesO ,forfurtherinformationon2 H ~QIn~ternetaddressesandsubnetmasks.2 ~ EQHere'sanexampleO "O SITE.LISPO "O en~trythatpertainstoaclassAnet-2 E {QworkRwhic~hconsistsoft~wosubnets;8bitsofthelocaladdressare2 { 1QusedtospRecifythesubnetn~umber.Hostsonthisnetw~orkRhavead-2 1 fQdressesoftheform\100.1.x.x"or\100.2.x.x".2 f & :+O(DEFSITE...2 : kA...2 k W(:NETWORK-NAMES'((("A-NETWORK")2  Ou((:INTERNET"100.1.0.0""255.255.0.0")2 O  (:CHAOS7)))2  3_(("B-NETWORK")2 3 du((:INTERNET"100.2.0.0""255.255.0.0")))))2 d A...)2 2 &2 w [[U2  O5O 58RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KO :SHORT-SITE-NAMEO 2 @2 @2 @ vKO :L~ONG-SITE-NAMEO 2 v2 v2 v ,KO :SITE-PRETTY-NAMEO 2 ,2 ,2 , b );O Theseoptionsspecifyv}ariousformsofthenet~worksitename.The2 ) _;shortnameshouldbeashort(oneword)abbreviation.Thelongand2 _ ;\pretty"namescanincludespaces.F{orexample:2  O (:SHORT-SITE-NAME"W.W.")2  G(:LONG-SITE-NAME"WidgetWorks")2 G y(:SITE-PRETTY-NAME"++WidgetWorks,Inc.++")2 y >5O9.3.4#CustomHostInitializations2 >2 > MKO :DEF{AUL|T-INITIAL-FORMO(LISP-form)2 M2 M2 M  I;O ThesiteoptionO :DEF{A~UL|T-INITIAL-FORMO ,ifpresent,speci esa2 I ;LISPformtobReev~aluatedwhentheLambdaboots.%(Itismeant2  5;asahostoptionforindividualmacRhines,andthusshouldbeusedin2 5 k;O "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O .)Whenthemachineisbooted,afterthecold-boot2 k !;initializationsarecompleted,theformisprin~tedoutandtheuser2 ! W;isaskRedwhethertoexecuteit.IftheuseranswersO YESO ,oraftera2 W  ;one-minutetimeout,theformisev}aluated.2  T;AgoodRw~aytousethisfeatureistosetupaLISPprogramonthe2 T  ;O syshostO whicRhexecutesthedesiredinitializations.$Thisway|,the2  @;initializationproRcedurescanbemodi edsimplyb~yeditingandcom-2 @ v;pilingtheinitializationprogram.#F|orexample,thefolloRwingentry2 v ,;inO "O SITE.LISPO "O wouldexecutethespeci edstartupprogramaftera2 , b;cold-boot:2 b bO (DEFSITE...2 b /:2  F/(:default-initial-form2 F x~`(catch-error2 x *f(load"sys:site;startup")))2 * [/:2 [ /)2 `;O The O catch-error O form is used to trap errors that could cause the system2 ` ;initializationstoabort.2 2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR592 O2 O2  w @KO9.3.5#SystemTimeServices2 @2 @ MaO :ST|ANDAL~ONEO[TorNIL]2 M2 M2 M  GQO IfthisoptionisO TO ,eacRhLambdais\standalone",andgetsitssystem2 G }QtimefromitsoRwnbatteryclock.#IfO NILO ,eachsystemwillattempt2 } 3Qtogetitssystemtimefromanotherhost,a\TimeServ~erHost"(see2 3 iQbelow).2 i UaO :TIMEZONEO[hours-west-of-GMT]2 U2 U2 U  OQO Thisoption spReci es thetimezonelocation ofthe network.Thetime-2 O QzoneisexpressedinhourswRestofGreenwichMeanTime.F|orexam-2  ;Qple,theContinen~talUSAEasternTimezoneisen~teredas:2 ; :+O (:TIMEZONE5)2 :  QO Accordingly|,RCen~traltimelocationsuse6,Moun~taintimelocations2  @Quse7,andPaci ctimelocationsuse8.2 @ ,aO :CHAOS-TIME-SERVER-HOSTSO[list-of-Chaos-hosts]2 ,2 ,2 , b &QO ThisoptionspReci esalistofChaosnethostswhichcansupporta2 & \QservRertoprovidethetimeanddatetootherhosts.3Onsystem2 \ Qstartup,non-standaloneLam~bRdaswillpollthislistofhoststoget2  HQthetimeofda~y|.2 H  QThev}alueisasimplelistofhostnames;forexample,2   +O (:CHAOS-TIME-SERVER-HOSTS'("OPUS""TISH"))2  :KO9.3.6#ChaosnetOptions2 :2 : ,aO ThefollowingoptionsapplyonlytoChaosnet.2 , 9aO :SERVER-MA~CHINEO[TorNIL]2 92 92 9 o 3QO Normally|,aLamRbda'sChaosnetservices(suchasremote leaccess)2 3 iQareenabledatbootRtime.#However,whenaLam~bdaisusedoften2 i QasaservRermachineatasite,itmaybenecessarytodelayaccess2  UQtotheservicesun~tilcertainotherinitializationsareperformed.&If2 U QtheLamRbda'sO :SERVER-MACHINEO siteoptionv~alueisnon-NIL,then2 AQitsservicesareO notO enabledautomaticallyatboottime;insteadthe2 A wQfunctionO si:enable-servicesO (seepage80)mustbecalled.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 60RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @;NotethattheO :servRer-machineO optionwouldnormallybRespeci edin2 @ v;O "O LMLROCS.LISPO "O toapplyonlytospeci cLambdas,notall.2 v bKO :ESC-F-ARG-ALISTOalist2 b2 b2 b  a;O ThissiteoptionsetsthevR}ariableO tv:* nger-arg-alist*O ..Thisvariable2 a ;conRtrolstheO ngerO programdisplayinvokedbyOh| vAU  O TERMINAL{ {  $AU{ {  NOiO FO .2  _;Thev~alueoftheO :esc-f-arg-alistO siteoptionshouldbReanassociation2 _ ;list.TheO CARO ofeacRhelementiseitherasingledigit(0to9)orO TO ,2  K;orO NILO .TheseassociationkReysindicatewhichtheargumenttopass2 K ;totheO ngerO programwhentheusert~ypesOh| aAU  O TERMINAL, ,  AU, , 0 NOiO FO .F|orexam-2  7;ple,theusermaRytypReOh| AU 7 :O TERMINAL 7 7 DAU 7 7 7OOiO 0-FO ;ifthereisacorresponding2 7 m;associatedelemenRtofO tv:* nger-arg-alist*O ,thatargumentispassedto2 m #;O ngerO .2 # l;TheassociationelemenRtO TO indicatesthedefaultO ngerO actiontotake2 l ";whentheO ngerO argumenRtdoesnothaveanassociatedentry{.%The2 " X;associationelementO NILO isusedwhentheuserpressesOh| 7AU X [O TERMINAL+ X+ X eAU+ X+ X/ XNOiO F2 X ;O withnoarguments.2  V;TheO CDRO ofeacRhelementspeci esastring,keyword,orlistthatis2 V  ;passedtotheO ngerO program.AstringspReci esahosttobe ngered.2  B;ThefolloRwingkeywordsarealsorecognized:2 B *O2 *3O :READ-Asktheuserwhic~hhost(s)to nger.2 * sO2 s3O :LROGIN-Fingerthedefaultloginhostorassociatedmachine.2 s ;O2 ;3O :ASSOCIA{TED-Fingertheassociatedmachine.2 ; O2 3O :LISP-MACHINES,R :LOCAL-LISP-MA~CHINES,:ALL-LISP-MA~CHINES2  :3Finger knoRwn LISP machines.O :ALL-LISP-MACHINES O ngers all2 : p3knoRwnhosts of type O :LISPMO ;the otherkeywords ngerallhosts2 p &3listed in the LISPM mac~hine location information (from the site2 & \3 leO "O LML~OCS.LISPO "O ).2 \ 1;ARlistofhostsand/orv}alidk~eyw~ords(otherthanO :READO )canbe2 1 g;speci edtocombinetheiractions.2 g 0;F{or example,the folloRwing might be entered in O "O SITE.LISPO " O to de ne2 0 f;theO ngerO program'sbehavior:2 f hO (DEFSITE...2 h c:2  Lc:2 L ~(:ESC-F-ARG-ALIST'((NIL.:ALL-LISP-MACHINES)2 ~ 0 (T.:LISP-MACHINES)2 0 b (0.:READ)2 b  (1"UNIX-A""UNIX-B")))2  Ec:2 E w/)2 w2 w [[U2  O2 OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR612 O2 O2  w @QWiththissiteoptionv}alue,thee ectofOh|  AU @ CO TERMINAL @ @ MAU @ @ @OOiO FO withnoargu-2 @ vQmenRtisto ngerallLISPmachines;Oh| VAU v yO TERMINALD vD v AUD vD vH vNOiO 0-FO wouldprompt2 v ,QforaloRcationto nger;Oh|  AU , /O TERMINAL7 ,7 , 9AU7 ,7 ,; ,OOiO 1-FO w~ould ngerthespeci ed2 , bQlistofUnixhosts;andOh| BAU b eO TERMINAL b b oAU b b bNOiO FO withanRyotherargumentwould2 b Q ngerLISPmac~hineswithlocationinformation.2  QKO9.3.7#TCP/IPOptions2 Q2 Q CaO ThefollowingsiteoptionsapplyonlytoTCP/IP|.2 C QaO :BROKEN-BERKELEY-UNIX-BRO~ADCAST-ADDRESS-PO[TorNIL]2 Q2 Q2 Q  MQO Thissiteoptionm~ustbRespeci edifthereareBerkeley4.2Unix2 M Qsystems on yRour network.)Such systems have a non-standard method2  8QofdoingIPRbroadcasting.Ify~ousetthisoptiontoOTO (true),TCP/IP2 8 nQwillalsousethismethoRd,andwillbeabletobroadcasttotheUnix2 n $Qsystems.IfyousettheoptiontoNILR(oromitit),TCP/IPwilluse2 $ ZQthestandardmethoRd,andwillbeabletobroadcasttosystemsthat2 Z QpropRerlyusethestandardmethod(includingsystemsrunninglater2  FQBerkeleyUnixreleases).2 F  QT|oenableBerkReley4.2IPbroadcastingcompatibility|,addthefol-2  BQlo~winglinewithintheO DEFSITEO inthe leO "O SITE.LISPO "O :2 B A+O (:broken-berkeley-unix-broadcast-address-pT)2 A KO9.3.8#PrinterOptions2 2  taO ThesiteoptionsdescribRedinthissectionspecifyparametersusedbRytheprinter2 t *asoftw~are.TheRprintersoftwareisdocumen~tedintheOPrinterSoft~wareGuideO .2 * _aO :DEF{AUL|T-PRINTERO[prin~ter-spec]2 _2 _2 _  ZQO Thisoption setsthe v~ariable O si:*default-printer*O ,whichinturnspeci-2 Z Q esthedefaultO :PRINTERO argumenRttotexthardcopyfunctions.The2  FQOprin~ter-spRecO shouldbeeitherakeywordforat~ypeofprinter,astring2 F |QforaprinRtername,oraquotedlistofakeywordandarguments2 | 2QspecifyingtheprinRtertypReandhostlocation.2 2 wQExamples:2 w w+O (:default-printer'(:ti855"MORTICIA"))2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 62RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @O (:default-printer"TISH-PRINTER")2 @ r(:default-printer:ti855)2 r E;O The rstexampleisafullspReci cation.Thesecondisalookupkey2 E {;fortheprinRtersspeci edbyO :PRINTER-NAMESO ,thethirdisakey2 { 1;fortheprinRtersspeci edbyO :DEFzAUL{T-PRINTER-HOST-ALISTO (see2 1 g;below).2 g SKO :DEF{ARUL|T-BIT-ARRA|Y-PRINTERO[printer-spec]2 S2 S2 S  O;O Thisoptionsetsthev}ariableO si:*default-bit-array-printer*O ,)whichin2 O ;turnspeci esthedefaultO :PRINTERO argumenRttobit-maphardcopy2  ;;functions.VR|aluesarespeci edasforO :DEF{AULT-PRINTERO .2 ; 'KO :DEF{AUL|T-PRINTER-HOST-ALISTO[a-list]2 '2 '2 ' ] $;O Sets thev}ariable O si:*default-printer-host-alist*O ,whichis used to locate2 $ Z;aprinRterspeci edonlybyprintertype.Specifyaquotedassociation2 Z ;listwithhostnamesindexedbRyprintertypes.2  V;F{orexample:2 V WO (:default-printer-host-alist2 W  f'((:ti855"LAMA")2  ;(:toshiba"LAMC")))2 ; 3KO :PRINTER-NAMESO[list]2 32 32 3 i 0;O Setsthev}ariableO si:*printer-names*O ,whicRhisusedtode neprinters2 0 f;b~yname;thenamescanthenbReusedtospecifyprinterswithinthe2 f ;otherprinRtersiteoptionsabove:&O :default-printerO ,O :default-bit-array-2  Q;printerO ,andO :default-printer-host-alistO .2 Q ;Specifyaquotedlist;eacRhelementofthelistde nesaprinterwhich2  N;canbereferredtobRystringname(s).Eachsub-listhastheform2 N OO (("name1""name2"...)<printer-spec>)2 O ";O ...wherethestringsarenamesbRywhichtheprinterisknown.The2 " X;Oprin~ter-spRecO shouldbealistspecifyingtheprinRtertypReandlocation.2 X ;F{orexample:2  O (:PRINTER-NAMES2  QI'((("OURS""CS""CS-LASER")(:IMAGEN"MORTICIA"))2 Q ~(("ITS"4"CS-TI855")(:TI855"IT"))))2  4(:DEFAULT-PRINTER"CS-TI855")2 4 f(:DEFAULT-BIT-ARRAY-PRINTER"CS-LASER")2 f2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR632 O2 O2  w @KO9.3.9#De ningFzoreignSystems2 @2 @ 2aO TheoptionsdescribRedinthissectionspecifyinformationrequiredfordealing2 2 hawithforeign(non-LamRbda)systemtypes.2 h uaO :HOST-DEFzAUL|T-DEVICE-ALISTO[host.devicepairs]2 u2 u2 u + oQO ThisoptionspReci esthedefaultdevicetobeusedforpathnames2 o %QonaspReci chost.Thisisespeciallyusefulwithhoststhatsupport2 % [Qm~ultiplediskdevices.*Theoption'sv}alueisanassociationlistof2 [ Qdottedpairs,oneperremotehost.The rstelemenRtofeachpairis2  GQahostname;theO CDRO ofeachpairisastringspecifyingthedevice2 G }Qname.2 } AQF{or example, the following speci es that pathnames on the V{AX/VMS2 A wQhost \MY-VzAX" should include the default disk device \USERO _O DISK"2 w -Q(whicRhispresumablyalogicaldeviceassignmentontheVzAX):2 - ,+O (:HOST-DEFAULT-DEVICE-ALIST2 , ]_'(("MY-VAX"4.5"USER_DISK")))2 ] VaO :SPECIAL-FILE-HOSTS2 V2 V2 V  PQO The le-systemtRypeofremote leserversaregenerallyequiv}alentto2 P QthesystemtypRespeci edforthehostinO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O .How~ev~er,2  <Qsomeexceptionstothegeneralrulesdoexistandneedbeentered2 < rQinthesiteoption.Anexceptionexists,Rforexample,whenapartic-2 r (QularvRendor'simplementationofa\standard"systemtypedeviates2 ( ^QfromthestandardincertainrespRects.TheO :special- le-hostsO siteop-2 ^ QtionproRvideskeywordsusedbythe leaccesssoftwaretohandlethe2  JQexceptionalcases.2 J QTheoptionconsistsofanassoRciationlistof le-systemt~ypes.#Ex-2  DQceptional leserverhostsarelistedundertheappropriate le-system2 D zQtype.2 z >QF{orexample:2 > =+O (:SPECIAL-FILE-HOSTS2 = o_'((:LMFS"SYMB-1""SYMB-2")2 o (:UNIX-SGI"SGI-HOST")))2 qQO ThisexamplespReci esalistofSymbolicshostswiththeO :LMFSO le2 q 'QsystemtRype, O3 '0O andaSiliconGraphicsUnixworkstationwiththe2 ' ]QO :UNIX-SGIO lesystemt~ype.2 ]K AX wS hO3} w} wO F{ormostpurposesrelatedtonet~working,allMIT-descendedLISPmac~hinesarequite} w2 w [[U2  O5O 64RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O9.3.10"MailOptions2 @2 @ OKO :CHAOS-MAIL-SERVER-HOSTSOlist-of-hosts2 O2 O2 O  L;O Thisoptionspeci esalistofnamesforhoststhatareabletoaccept2 L ;mailandforwardittootherlocations.!MostVMS,TOPS-20,and2  8;Uniximplemen~tationsofChaosnetarecapableofthis.!MostLISP2 8 n;mac~hinesarenot.2 n 4;Example:O :chaos-mail-server-hosts'(O "O UNIX-AO ""O UNIX-BO "O )2 4 {KO :SMTP-MAIL-SERVER-HOSTSOlist-of-hosts2 {2 {2 { 1 w;O ThisoptionspReci esalistofhoststhatsupporttheTCP/SMTP2 w -;mailprotocolandcanacceptmail.2 - t;Example:O :smtp-mail-serv~er-hosts'(O "O MEGA-VzAXO "O )2 t :KO :DEF{AUL|T-MAIL-MODERO:CHAOSor:SMTP2 :2 :2 : p 7;O Thev~alueofthisoptionshouldbeoneofthet~wokeywords,O:CHAOS2 7 m;O orO:SMTPO .ThecRhoiceindicateswhichmailmodeisusedbythe2 m #;aRv}ailablemailservers.2 # iKO :ALLOW-LM-IN-FROM-FIELDOTorNIL2 i2 i2 i  f;O Thisoption spReci es whether the Lam~bda mailprogramO ZMail O allo~ws2 f ;theusertospecifyaLISPmachineintheOF|rom:%O eldofamail2  R;message.SinceLamRbdastypicallydonotsupportamailserver,itis2 R ;assumedthattheO replyO commandin mostmailsystemsmaRynotwork2  >;correctlyifthemessageoriginisaLISPmachine. Ifthisoptionis2 > t;O NILO ,then,O ZMailO willprompttheuserforacorrectmailoriginbefore2 t *;sendingamessage.2 * pKO :HOST-FOR-BUG-REPORTSOhost2 p2 p2 p & m;O ThisoptionspReci esthenameoftheOhostO tosendbugreportsto.2 m #;ThisisusedbRythebugmailinterfacesinO ZMailO ,theerror-handler2 # Y;commandO CTRL-MO ,andtheO bugO function.Thespeci edOhostO should2 Y ;beamacRhinethatcanacceptandforwardmail.Anaccountcalled2  E;O BUG-LISPMO shouldbeestablishedforgeneralbugmail.2 E ;Example:O :host-for-bug-reportsO "O MEGA-VzAXO "2 5 'AX UO similar,andthereforeallareclassi edunderthesystemtRypeO :LISPMO .However,theg U SymRbolicspathnamesyntaxdi erssigni cantlyfromtheLambdaandExplorersys-g Atems.Therefore,SymRbolicshostsmustbRespeci edasO :special- le-hostsO oft~ypeO :LMFSg A wO inorderfortheLamRbdatoparseSymbolicspathnamescorrectly|.g w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR652 O2 O2  w @KO9.4*UpdatingSiteFiles2 @2 @ 2aO ThissectiondoRcumentstheprocedureforpreparingandupdatingsite lesfor2 2 hausewithRelease4.Thegoalofthissectionistoassistthesitemanagerwith2 h apreparing new site les.The goal is to save a band with updated site information2  TaforeacRhRelease4Lambdaonyournetwork.2 T KO9.4.1#GettingStarted2 2   aO Itisrecommendedthatthesite lesbRemodi edandcompiledontheprimary2  ?anetw~orksystem,alsoreferredtoastheO \syshost"O .Thisisnormallythe le-2 ? uaservRerhostonwhichsystemsources,site les,etc.havebeenstored.2 u gaIfyRouhavemultipleLambdas,youshouldchooseonetoactastheO syshost2 g aO anddoyRoursite lemaintenanceonthatsystem.Onceyouhaveaworkingset2  Saofsite les,yRoucangotootherLambdahostsonthenetworkandloadthesite2 S  a lesfromtheO syshostO .2  {aThe rststepinsite lemain~tenanceistoestablishthesite ledirectory|.2 {  &O2  YO Ifthisisthe rsttimeyouarecreatingasetofsite lescustomizedfor2  AYyourRnet~work,youshouldbeginwiththesamplesite lesprovidedby2 A wYGigaMosontheO\4.0LISPOptions"O tape.Restorethesite lesandcopy2 w -YtheO "O RELEASE-4.CUSTOMER-SITE;O "O directorytoadirectoryofyRourown2 - cYchoosing.2 c +&O2 +YO IfyRouareupgradingfromRelease3,andyoualreadyhaveacustomsetof2 + aYsite les,andyRouplantoupgradeallLambdastoRelease4,thenyoucan2 a YwRorkwithyourexistingsite les.If,however,youwillneedtoalternate2  MYbet~weenRelease3andRelease4,yRoumayneedtocopyyourexistingsite2 M Y ledirectorytoanewloRcation.Asdocumentedearlier(seeSection7.2),2  9YRelease4TCP/IPrequiressigni canRt(andincompatible)changeswith2 9 oYrespecttoRelease3site les.2 o maOnce yRou havechosen (and optionally|,copied) yoursite le directory|,youestab-2 m #alishitscurrenRtlocationbyrede ningthelogicalpathname,O "O SYS:SITE;O "O .This2 # Yapathnameisestablishedinoneoftw~oways:2 Y i1.2 iYThefunctionO si:set-sys-hostO (seepage64)isusedtode neO "O SYS:SITE;O "2 i YO \onthe y"O ,thatRis,dynamicallyinLISP|.Thisisthefunctiontouse2  UYwhenyRoucold-bootaLambdaonaband(forinstance,theRelease4band2 U Ydistributed bRy GigaMos) that containswhollyinaccurate and/orirrelev}ant2 AYnetw~orkinformation.WhenyRou rstprepareyourownsite les,youcall2 A wYO si:set-sys-hostO togetstarted;Rtheny~oueditandcompilethesite les;then2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 66RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @CyouRcold-booteachLambda,callO si:set-sys-hostO topoin~ttoyournewsite2 @ vC les,andloadthemtoacquiretheupdatedinformation.2 v :~2.2 :CThe more \permanen~t" de nition of the logical host \SYS" and O "O SYS:SITE;O "2 : pCO isenRteredinO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O .This lemustcontainacalltothe2 p &CfunctionO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostO (seebeloRw)whichde nesthelogical2 & \C\SYS"Rhost.Thisde nitiongetsloadedintoLISPwhenevReryouloadthe2 \ Ccurrentsetofsite les.2  B5O9.4.1.1"SettingtheSYSHost-inLISP2 B2 B 4KO ThefunctionO si:set-sys-hostO isusedtoestablishtheO syshostO andsite ledirec-2 4 jKtorydynamically:2 j pF|unction2 p2 pKO si:set-sys-hostOhost-name&optionalsystem-t~ypehost-2 p &addresssite- le-directory2 & \`O SpRecifythehosttoreadsystem lesfrom.Whenpointingtoaremote2 \ `LamRbda,thisfunctionmakesanetworkconnectiontocon rmtheinfor-2  H`mationpro~vided.2 H :`TheargumenRtsareasfollows:2 : F`Ohost-name2 F2 F2 F |PO Specify|,Rasastring,thenameoftheO syshostO .Y|oucanuse2 | 2PO "O LMO "O toindicatethelocalhost(theonethatyRouareworking2 2 hPon).2 h ,`Osystem-type2 ,2 ,2 , bPO OpReratingsystemt~ypeoftheO syshostO (seeSection9.2.5,2 b PO HostMacR~hine/SystemTypesO ).O NILO meansusethesys-2  NPtemtRypeofthehostindicatedbyOhost-nameO thatisknownto2 N Pthecurrentlyloadedhostinformation.2  I`Ohost-address2 I2 I2 I PO TheChaosorInternetaddressoftheO syshostO .Anoctalor2  5PdecimalRn~um~ber(e.g.,O #o3741O )isparsedasaChaosaddress;2 5 kPastring(e.g.,O "O 101.0.0.1O "O )isparsedasanIn~ternetaddress.2 k PO NILO meansusethehostaddressofOhost-nameO thatisknownto2 VPthecurrentlyloadedhostinformation.2 V `Osite- le-directory2 2 2  QPO Specify|,Rasastring,thedirectoryto beusedasthetranslation2 Q PforO "O SYS:SITE;O "O whicRhpointstothesite les.2  `Normally|,alltheargumenRtsmustbRefullyspeci ed.2  w`Ho~wever,itissometimespRossibletospecifyO NILO forOsystem-t~ypeO and/or2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR672 O2 O2  w @vOhost-addressO .$ThisworksiftheO syshostO withthenameOhost-nameO is2 @ vvalready knoRwn in the currently loaded site information, and if the network2 v ,vaddress for Ohost-name O is accurate.As a spRecial case, y~ou can specify these2 , bvparameters as O NIL O when you designate O "O LMO " O as the Ohost-nameO , to indicate2 b vthatthelocalhostistheO syshostO .2   aHerearesomeexamples:2  L;O;;;Pointtothelocalmachineanddefaultsitefiledirectory:2 L 0;(si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil,"release-4.customer-site;")2 0 ;;;;PointtoaremoteChaosnethostandcustomsitedirectory:2  w;(si:set-sys-host"myhost":lispm#o3430"our-site;")2 w [;;;;PointtoaremoteTCPhostandcustomsite(sub)directory:2 [ ?;(si:set-sys-host"myhost":lispm"101.0.0.101""our-site.release-4;")2 ? ";;;;Pointtoaknownhost,specifyingjustthesitedirectory:2 " ;(si:set-sys-host"ahost"nilnil"our-site;")2  6aO SevReralexamplesofO si:set-sys-hostO aregivenincontextwiththeprocedures2 6 labelow.2 l KO9.4.1.2"SettingtheSYSHost-inSYS.TRANSLAzTIONS2 2  aO The function O fs:set-logical-pathname-host O is used in the site le O "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "2  GaO toestablishthelogicaltranslationsforO "O SYS:SITE;O "O :2 G P-F|unction2 P2 PaO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostOlogical-host&kReyphysical-2 P 1hosttranslations2  vvO De ne a logical host named LROGICAL-HOST, which translates to PHYSICAL-2 v 'vHOST.2 ' YvTRANSLA|TIONSisalistoftranslationstouse:eacRhelementlookslike2 Y (logical-patternphysical-pattern),2 =whereeachpatternisa lenamestringwithwildcards.2 = oOmittedcomponentsdefaultto*(:WILD).2 o waThedistributedexampleO "O SYS.TRANSLA|TIONSO "O leillustratesthesyntaxto2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 68RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @Kfollo~wforO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostO .SeeFigure16,page67foralistingofthe2 @ vKfullexample.2 v hKNotethatO fs:set-logical-pathname-hostO canalsobeusedinother lestode ne2 h Kother logicalpathname hosts for yRour own purposes, such as creating short-hand2  TKpathnamesforsoft~waresystemhierarchies.2 T |5O9.4.2#UsingtheSampleSiteFiles2 |2 | nKO IfyRouareinstallingRelease4softwareonyour rstLambdasystem,andyou2 n $Kha~ven'tpreviouslyloadedRelease3siteinformation,y~ouwillneedtostartwith2 $ ZKthesetofsamplesite lesproRvidedwithRelease4.7F|ollowtheprocedurefor2 Z KrestoringtheoptionstapRedocumenRtedintheOLambda4.0LISPReleaseNotesO .2  KThen,RworkingontheO syshostO ,de neO "O SYS:SITE;O "O to(tempRorarily)pointto2  8Kthesamplesite les:2 8 d%O (si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil5"release-4.customer-site;")2 d cKO ProRceedtothestepinSection9.4.4,O V{erifyingAccesstoSiteFilesO ,below.2 c  5O9.4.3#UsingPreviouslyEstablishedSiteFiles2  2  }KO Y|oumRustrede neO "O SYS:SITE;O "O topointtoyourowndirectoryinplaceofthe2 } 3Kdefaultorcurren~tsite lelocation.2 3 %KIfthesite lesyRouhavemoRdi edandloadedinthepastarealreadylocatedon2 % [KtheO localmac~hineO (theoneyRouareworkingon),executethefollowing:2 [ %O (si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil"")2  KO ... llinginO O withtheactualnameofyoursite ledirectory{.2  wKO BesurR}etorememberO thesemi-coloninthedirectoryspeci cation,anddonot2 w -Kincludeahostpre x.2 - KIfthesite lesareloRcatedonanotherLambdaChaosnethost,youcanpoint2  UKtothemremotely|.BF|orexample,assumeyRourO syshostO isaLambdanamed2 U KO MYHOSTO withChaosaddress3430(octal). ItconRtainsworkingsite lesin2 AKthedirectoryO "O OUR-SITE;O "O Y|ouwRouldexecutethefollowingtopointtothese2 A wKsite les:2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR692 O2 O2  wK  AS pO;;;-*-Mode:LISP;Package:USER;Base:10;Readtable:CL;Fonts:(CPTFONTB)}  Gp-*-} G +p;;;DefinesthetranslationsfortheSYSlogicalhost.+Otherlogicalhosts} + ]p;;;canbedefinedthesameway.} ] @p(fs:set-logical-pathname-host"SYS"} @ r:physical-host"LAMA";theactualcomputerwherethesourcesarestored.} r $;;Alistofpairs,whichmatchcomponentsoflogicalpathnameand} $ V;;translatethemtophysicalpathnames.} V :translations'(("CHAOS;""")}  9x("SITE;""")} 9 kx("*;*;*;""")} k x("*;*;""")}  Ox("*;""")))} O [ O Figure16.O ExampleofSYS.TRANSLA{TIONS} [ wAS2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 70RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w r%O (si:set-sys-host"myhost":lispm#o3430"our-site;")2 r %5O9.4.4#VzerifyingAccesstoSiteFiles2 %2 % KO Once yRou have pointedtoa setofsite les,youshouldverify thatyou can access2  LKthemproperly:2 L y%O (listf"sys:site;")2 y +5O9.4.5#Cop~yingSiteFilestoaNewDirectory2 +2 + KO ARtthispointintheupRdateprocedure,yRoushouldcopyO "O SYS:SITE;O "O underthe2  SKfollo~wingcircumstances:2 S `cOIfO -2 `CyRouplantomaintainRelease3onyournetworkfor any reason,youshould2 ` CcopRytheworkingsite lestoanewdirectorywhichwillbRespeci callyfor2  LCRelease4site les.'MostoftheoptionsfromRelease3willw~orkwith2 L CRelease4.2  GcOIfO -2 GCyouRha~v~ejustrestoredthetemplate les,youmayw~an~ttocopythemto2 G }CyourRo~wnlocation.2 } BCT|ofollowthispartoftheprocedure,O makesurR}eyouareworkingontheO sys2 B xChostO .Allexamplesbelo~warebasedonthisassumption.2 x wKY|oushouldselectanameforyRoursite ledirectorywhichwillclearlyindicate2 w -Kitspurpose.ItisconventionaltoformthedirectorynamebRycombiningashort2 - cKnamefory~ourorganizationwiththesuxO "O -SITEO "O .2 c UKIf,forRexample,youw~anttoestablishthesiteleveldirectoryO "O OUR-SITE;O "O y~ou2 U KwRouldexecutethefollowing:2 7%O ;;Tocopythetemplateoroldsitefiles:2 7 %(fs:copy-directory"sys:site;*.*#>""lm:our-site;")2  ~%;;Topointtothenewsitefiledirectory:2 ~ b%(si:set-sys-host"lm"nilnil"our-site;")2 b E%;;Toverifythatyoucanaccessthenewdirectory:2 E2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR712 O2 O2  w @;O (listf"sys:site;")2 @ ?aO Finally|,yRouarereadytomakethechangesforRelease4thatweredescribed2 ? uaearlierinthischapter.2 u &KO9.4.6#EditingSiteFiles2 &2 & aO Themostdirectw~aytomakRechangestoyoursite lesistoeditthe lesdirectly2  NawithZMacs.Y{oucanbringupadirectorylistingb~yexecuting2 N z;O (dired"sys:site;*.*#>")2 z yaO Figure17,page69illustratesaDIREDdisplayforthesamplesite les.2 y @K 3AS >pDJ:RELEASE-4.CUSTOMER-SITE;*.*#O >} > ppO F{ree=16015, Reserved=569, Used=180416 (24 pages used in L.CUSTOMER-} p "pSITE;)} " T@HOSTS.TEXTC#1(4'3682(8)O03/19/86 23:06:50:PW} T GHSTTBL.LISP:#1+4+3204(8)W04/13/8620:59:43Idg}  7>HSTTBL.QFzASL'#1'3'1448(16)A04/13/86 21:00:447dg} 7 i@LMLOCS.LISP5#1(3(2372(8)Q03/19/86 23:13:152 { -UCompilingSYS:SITE;SITELISP>2 - _UCompilingSYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISP>2 _ UCompilingSYS:SITE;HSTTBLLISP>2  t;;;MakesureSYS.TRANSLATIONSpointstotherightsitefiles!2 t &U(listf"sys:site;")2 & Xo:2 X2 w [[U2  O5O 74RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @YO :2 @ $%;;MakesureyoucancontactallavailableChaoshosts:2 $ V?(hostat)2 V ?SiteNName/StatusSubnet...2  9?3701NOurLambda4...2 9 kY:2 k Y:2  %;;TrycontactingaremoteTCPhost-askforanechofeedback:2  2%;;See[icmp:ping][fun].2 2 d?(icmp:ping'myvax:echo"testing")2 d ?62  H?("testing")2 H >5O9.5.1#Sa~vingaBandwithSiteInformation2 >2 > 0KO OnceyRouaresatis edthatyournewsite lesarecompletelyaccurate,youwill2 0 fKwanttosa~veanewRelease4bandwithv}alidsiteinformation.Y|oushouldalso2 f Ksa~veanup-to-datebandonO everyRL~amb}dasystemdiskonyournetworkO .Then,2  RKeveryRLambdaprocessorcanbootfromthenewbandandworkwithup-to-date2 R Ksiteinformation.2  zKTheproRcedurebeloRwexplainshowtosaveanupdatedband;youshouldalways2 z 0KdothisontheO syshostO .!Butonanet~workwithmRultipleLambdas,youcan2 0 fKcRhoosebetweentwoalternativeproRceduresforpropagatingtheupdatetoother2 f Ksystems:2  M~1.2 MCCopRytheupdatedbandtoeachsystem,alongwiththemicrocode;or2 M 5~2.2 5CSa~veanupdatedbandoneacRhmachineseparately{.2 5 3KThisisanimportanRtchoicefortheLambdasystemadministrator.Ifitisim-2 3 iKportanRttohaveallusersworkingwiththesamesoftware,itisprobablyeasier2 i KtomainRtainjustoneloadbandandcopyiteachtimeitchanges;thisprovidesa2  UKcentralRpoin~tofcontrolandensuresconsistencyamongtheLambdas.How~ev~er,2 U Kifthesoftw~areon evRery systemismaintainedseparately|,and/orv}arioussystems2 AKneeddi erenRtcustomizedoroptionalsoftware,itmaybeeasiertocustomizea2 A wKbandoneacRhmachine.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR752 O2 O2  w [a A> y SA B}? O Note:$O ifyouareupgradingfromRelease3toRelease4,therearesome  ;restrictionsthatapplytocopyingtheinitialRelease4bandfromtheO sys ; qhostO tootherLamRbdas.IfyouarerunningTCP/IP{,butnotChaosnet,on q 'theRelease3systems,yRouwillnotbeabletocopytheRelease4bandwhile ' ]running Release 4.Our recommendation in this case is to use Release 3 on the ] O syshostO tocopythedistribution(\v}anilla")Release4bandtotheRelease  H3systems,Randupdatethemseparately|.&Thereafter,whenev~erysystemis H ~runningRelease4,yRoucanswitchtotheprocedureofcopyingamasterband ~ 4totheothersystems. 4 S,A B}? S [A> y2 [2 [ MaUsetheproRcedureinSection9.5.1.1,forbothcreatingamasterbandand,if2 M ayouareupRdatingbandsseparately|,toupdatetheothersystems.Theprocedure2  9ainSection9.5.1.2,describeshoRwtocopyamasterbandandmicrocodefromthe2 9 oaO syshostO toaremotesystem.2 o :KO9.5.1.1"Sa~v~eanUpdatedBandtoDisk2 :2 : ,aO First,Rcold-boottheLamRbda.MakesureyourebootwithRelease4.2 , +a BA> y #A b~  6O Don{'tpr~essthatOh| A 6 9O SYSTEM1 61 6 CA1 61 65 6OiO key!"O Y|oushouldnotbringupanRywindows{not 6 levRentheeditor{whenyouaresavingabandtodisk;windowswilladd l "substanRtiallytothesizeofthesavedband,andbootingthesystemwilltake " Xmoretime.%AllthewRorkofdisk-savingshouldbedoneintheInitialLisp X Listenerwindow.  #,A b~  # +A> y2 +2 + aLoginwithoutrunningyourO LISPM.INITO initialization le.F|orexample:2  I;O (login'sitemanager"LM"t)2 I HaO Next,runO si:set-sys-hostO asbReforetopointtothenewO "O SYS:SITE;O "O directory|.2 H ~aHerearetheexamplesagain:2 ~ &O2 YO (si:set-sys-hostO "O lmO "O nilnilO "O our-site;O "O )O -pRoin~tstositedirectoryonlocal2  EYmac~hine2 E &O2 YO (si:set-sys-hostO "O myhostO "O :lispm#o3430O "O our-site;O "O )O -pointstositedirec-2  DYtoryonremoteChaoshost2 D &O2 YO (si:set-sys-hostO "O myhostO "O :lispmO "O 101.0.0.10O ""O our-site;O "O )O -poin~tstosite2 CYdirectoryonremoteTCPhost2 C AaNext,runO (update-site-con guration-info)O toreloadthenewsite lesintothe2 A wafreshly-bootedLISPworld.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 76RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w K A> y A ~ O Note:O thisisagoodplaceintheRelease4installationproceduretoload  ;anRyoptionalsystemsorotherloadbandcustomizations.SeetheOLambda4.0 ; qLISPReleaseNotesO oninstallingoptionalsoft~ware. q ,A ~ }  A> y2 2   KFinally|,runO disk-sa~v~eO tosavethecurrenRtworldtoanewdiskpartition.2  {KBeforeyRousavearunningLISPworldtodisk,selectaLODbandtowrite2 { 1Kov~er./Y|oucanexecuteO (print-disk-label)O toseetheav}ailablediskpartitions.2 1 gKThenexecutetheLISPcommandO disk-saveO ,providingthenameof another L~OD2 g Kband.Whenprompted,con rmthatthebandmenRtionedistheoneyouwant2  SKtoo~v~erwrite.2 S EKWhen the system boots up onthe new band, use the LISP command O set-current-2 E {KbandO toselectthenewloadbandasthedefaultforrebootinginthefuture.2 { mKHere'sanexamplesessionthatillustratesrunningO disk-sa~v~eO :2 m %O (disk-save'lo~d2)2  K%O DoyoureallywanttoclobberpartitionLOD2onunit0()?(Yes2 K }%orNo)O yes2 } /%O Thisisnow:2 / `Y:2 ` %Additionalcommentforherald:O 7/15/88site2  v%O Beginningshutdowninitializations...2 v (Y:2 ( Y%DoyouwishtoloadLAMsymbolsforLambda?(YorN)...O Y2 Y  YO :2  =%Flippinglevel2nowwillresultinbetterpaging...2 = o%Flipleveltwo?O YES2 o !YO :2 ! RY:OsystemRrebootsonnewband2 R YO :2  6%ReadingattoplevelinLispListener1.2 6 h%Readinginbase10inpackageUSERwithstandardZetalispreadtable.2 h KO AfterRLISP rebootsonthenewband,youwillwanttospecifythatthenewband2  NKbReusedwhenbootinginthefuture.2 N @KF{orexample,ifyRoudisk-savedtothebandLOD2,youwouldexecute:2 @ l%O (set-current-band'lod2)2 l2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR772 O2 O2  w @KO9.5.1.2"CopR~yinganUpdatedBandOvertheNetwork2 @2 @ 2aO UsethefunctionO si:copRy-disk-partitionO (seepage93)tocopyanupdatedmaster2 2 habandandcurrenRtmicrocodefromtheO syshostO tootherremoteLambdahosts.2 h ZaF{orexample,Rw~orkingontheO syshostO ,yRoucouldcopytheupdatedRelease42 Z abandinpartition\LOD1",RandthentheRelease4microcodein\LMC1",to2  FatheremotehostO NOTHERO asfollows:2 F r;O (si:copy-disk-partition0'lod1"nother"'lod1)2 r $;(si:copy-disk-partition0'lmc1"nother"'lmc1)2 $ "aO MakResureyouselectpartitionsontheotherhoststhatyoucanoverwrite. It2 " XaisoftenagoodideatomakReabackupofolderbandsbeforeoverwritingthem2 X awiththenewsoft~ware.2  aOneac~hsystem,Rafterthebandsaresuccessfullytransmitted,besuretorun2  6aO set-current-bandO tomakRethenewbandandmicrocodecurrent.2 62 w [[U2  O5O 78RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR792 O2 O2  w  s;O102 s IeOperating!Procedures2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterdocumentsthenetworkingsoftwareopReratingprocedures.$Both2  5asystemmanagemenRtanduserproceduresarecovered.2 5 |KO10.1)SummaryofFRyunctionsandVariables2 |2 | naO The follo~wing table lists the most generally useful functions and programs related2 n $atoRnetworkcon guration,diagnostics,operation,andinterface.!Thesesym~bol2 $ YanameswhicRhcomprisetheexternaloperatinginterfacetonetworkingsoftware.2 Y aTheseitemsarediscussedindetailinthefollowingsections.2  {BOName2 {2 {0Type2 {2 {'Usage2 {2 {2 { gBDiagnostics:2 g2 g2 g SBO arp:addr-stat2 S2 S0function2 S2 S2 S  Bethernet:exos-stats2  2  0function2  2  2  ?Bethernet:netsp~y2 ?2 ?2 ?0function2 ?2 ?2 ? uB nger2 u2 u0function2 u2 u2 u +Bglobal:peek2 +2 +0function2 +2 +2 + aBicmp:ping2 a2 a0function2 a2 a2 a Bip:list-route-table2 2 0function2 2 2  MBnet:print-int-pkt-status2 M2 M0function2 M2 M2 M 9BOCon guration:2 92 92 9 oBO net:con gure2 o2 o0function2 o2 o2 o %Bnet:decon gure2 %2 %0function2 %2 %2 % [Bsi:don~t-use-3com2 [2 [0v~ariable2 [2 [2 [ Bsi:don~t-use-excelan2 2 0v~ariable2 2 2  GBsi:set-processor-owning-ethernet2 G2 G0function2 G2 G2 G2 w [[U2  O5O 80RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @,tcpa:*netw~ork-services*2 @2 @v~ariable2 @2 @2 @ v,tcpa:*udp-rwho-server-enabled*2 v2 vv~ariable2 v2 v2 v ,,tcpa:disable-all-net~work-services2 ,2 ,function2 ,2 ,2 , b,tcpa:disable-one-net~work-service2 b2 bfunction2 b2 b2 b ,tcpa:enable-all-netw~ork-services2 2 function2 2 2  N,tcpa:enable-one-network-service2 N2 Nfunction2 N2 N2 N ,tcpa:set-imagen-print-options2 2 function2 2 2  p,OProtocolselection:2 p2 p2 p \,O fs:reset- le-access2 \2 \function2 \2 \2 \ ,fs:with-ftp-access-only2 2 macro2 2 2  H,net:*netw~ork-protocols*2 H2 Hv~ariable2 H2 H2 H ~,net:with-tcp-favored2 ~2 ~macro2 ~2 ~2 ~ j,OIn~terfaces:2 j2 j2 j V,O ftp:ftp2 V2 Vfunction2 V2 V2 V  ,global:mail2  2  function2  2  2  B,global:supdup2 B2 Bfunction2 B2 B2 B x,kermit:telnet-h192 x2 xfunction2 x2 x2 x -,tcp:telnet2 -2 -function2 -2 -2 - c,tcpa:ruptime2 c2 cfunction2 c2 c2 c ,tcpa:rwho2 2 function2 2 2  O,telnet:telnet-glass-tt~y2 O2 Ofunction2 O2 O2 O AKTheRnetworkapplicationin~terfaces,suc~hasO T|elnetO ,aredocumentedinsubse-2 A wKquen~tRc~hapters.GenericinterfacesaredescribedinChapterOO .2 w iKFigure6,Rpage22,intheO Net~workingReleaseNotesO ,liststheLISPpack}ages2 i Kthatareusedwithinthenetw~orkingsoftw~are.2  f5O10.2)Net~w~orkingFyunctions2 f2 f XKO Thefollowingsectionsdiscussproceduresforcon guration,diagnosis,andcon-2 X Ktrol.2  95O10.2.1"Net~w~orkingCon gurationFzunctions2 92 9 =O F|unction2 =2 =KO net:con gure2 = s`O (Re)startRnet~workprocessesandprotocols.2 s wF|unction2 w2 wKO net:decon gure2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR812 O2 O2  w @vSh~utRdo~wnnet~workprocessesandprotocols.2 @ GaO con gureO tellstheloRcalprocessortousethecurrenRtlyav}ailablesetofnetwork2 G }aboards and site information.Both O con gure O and O decon gure O reset TCP and UDP2 } 3aconnections,butnotChaosconnections.2 3 :-F|unction2 :2 :aO chaos:resetO&optionalenable-p2 : pvO T|urno andreinitializetheChaosnetsoftw~are.2 p %vThismaRyunwedgeitifitisnotworkingproperly|.2 % [ MvThiswillcauseallofyRourcurrentlyopRenconnectionstobeshRutdown.2 M  uvWith a nRull Oenable-p O argument, you must call O chaos:enableO to turn Chaos-2 u +vnetonagainbeforeyRoucanusetheChaosnet;butmanyuser-levelfunc-2 + avtionsthatusethenetwilldothatfory~ou.#Callingthisfunctionwith2 a vOenable-pO non-NILwillhavethesamee ect.2  aTheuseofO chaos:resetO forresettingthenet~workisobsoleteformostpurposes,2  Tabutstillav~ailablebecauseitresetsChaosconnections.2 T [-F|unction2 [2 [aO si:set-processor-o~wning-ethernetO&optional(operation2 [ 1: nd)(board:all)2  GvO ChangewhicRhprocessorcontrolstheEthernetboards.2 G sd-Ifthereisnoethernetboard,makResurethismachineknows2 s $Pnottouseit.2 $ V e-IftheargumenRtis:FIND(thedefault) gureoutwhoowns2  :Ptheboardsowecan2 : lsendRpacketstohim.#Ifnoonecurrentlyownsit,weallocate2 l Pit.2  O a-IftheargumenRtis:T|AKEorT,thenstealitfromtheowner.2  3 eg-Iftheargumen~tis:GIVE-UPorNIL,thendeallocateitso2 e Psomeoneelsecanhaveit.2  H GvT|ousethisfunction,callitafterdecon guringandbeforerecon guring,2 G }vasfollows:2 }2 w [[U2  O5O 82RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @:O (net:deconfigure)2 @ r:(si:set-processor-owning-ethernet...)2 r $:(net:configure)2 $ "`O IfyRoureassignboards,youmustpRerformthisprocedureonOallO thepro-2 " X`cessorsinthechassis.2 X kMMacro2 k2 kKO net:with-tcp-fav~oredO&bodybody2 k !`O ExecuteaObodyO ofcoRdewithanetworkprotocolorderingthatfavors2 ! W`O :INTERNETO .2 W H`F|orexample:2 H u:O (net:with-tcp-favored2 u &o(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod2"it"'lod3))2 & 9MO Macro2 92 9KO fs:with-ftp-access-onlyO&restbody2 9 o`O ExecuteaObodyO ofcodewithonlyTCP/FTPaccesspathsde ned.Y{ou2 o %`shouldcallO fs:reset- le-accessO beforecallingthis.2 % 7F|unction2 72 7KO fs:reset- le-access2 7 m`O ResetknoRwn leaccesspathmethodsforeachnetworkhost.Asnetwork2 m #` le-systemfunctionscommunicatewithremotehosts,thenamesofap-2 # Y`propriateaccess a~v~orarecachedwiththehostobjects.!Thisfunction2 Y `causestheseaccess avorstobe\forgotten";thisisuseful,forexample,2  E`inconjunctionwithO fs:with-ftp-access-onlyO ,whereitisdesirabletoforce2 E {`theuseofaparticularaccessmethod.2 {  F|unction2  2  KO tcpa:disable-all-net~w~ork-services2  CO F|unction2 C2 CKO tcpa:disable-one-net~work-serviceOservice2 C yO F|unction2 y2 yKO tcpa:enable-all-netw~ork-servicesO&optionalalso-do-non-2 y /auto-enable?2 / eO F|unction2 e2 eKO tcpa:enable-one-net~work-serviceOservice2 e `O Disableall,oronespeci c,netw~orkservice.2  Q`(Re)enableall,oronespeci c,net~workservice.2 Q C`Thev}arianRtsthattakeaOserviceO argumentexpectoneofthev}ariables2 C y`correspRondingtospeci cservices.PThenamesofthesev}ariablesare2 y /`conRtainedinthelistO tcpa:*network-services*O (seepage84).2 / AF|unction2 A2 AKO si:enable-servicesO&restservices2 A wO F|unction2 w2 wKO si:disable-servicesO&restservices2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR832 O2 O2  w @vAlloRwthemachinetoprovideorrevokeservices.TheOservicesO argument2 @ vviscurrenRtlyignored(allservicesarea ected),butisprovidedforfuture2 v ,venhancements.2 , vEachfunctionrunsoneofthecorrespondinginitializationlists:2  (-si:enable-services-initialization-list2  Fv-si:disable-services-initialization-list2 F XaNet~work managers ma~y add custom functions to these lists via O add-initializationsO .2 X aNotethatthesystemneitherenablesnordisablesservicesunderautomaticcon-2  Datrol;thesefunctionsmRustbedonemanuallyorasprovidedbysystemmanage-2 D zament.2 z NKO10.2.2"Net~w~orkingDiagnosticF{unctions2 N2 N `-O F|unction2 `2 `aO hostatO&resthosts2 ` vO Prin~tsoutstatusinformationfromofthespeci edChaosnetOhostsO .Ifno2  KvOhostsO arespReci ed,allknownhostsarepolled.2 K =vTheinformationprinRtedincludeseachhost'saddress,prettyname,and2 = svnumberofpacketsinputandoutputfrom/tothathost.2 s evAhostmaybRespeci edwithanumericChaosaddress.2 e WvExamples:2 W PO (hostat)2  5P(hostat'lama'lamb)2 5 gP(hostat#o3430)2 g evO Hostatcanalsobeinvok~edfromPReek,orbytypingOh| EAU e hO TERMINAL( e( e rAU( e( e, eNOiO HO .2 e w-F|unction2 w2 waO tcpa:ruptime2 w --O F|unction2 -2 -aO tcpa:rwho2 - cvO ThesefunctionsrepRortthestatusofIn~ternethostsbroadcastingperthe2 c vO RUPTIMEO orO RWHOO service,respectively|.2  vF|oreacRhhost,O RUPTIMEO listshowlongithasbeenup(\uptime").Some2 AvO RUPTIMEO servRersreportthecurrentnumberoflogged-inusersandaver-2 A wvageloadstatistics(sucRhashowmany\jobs"havebeeneligibletorun).2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 84RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @`O RWHOO listsinformationonthelogged-inuser(s)ateac~hremotehost,2 @ v`includingwhatterminaltheyareusing,Rthetimetheyloggedin,andhow2 v ,`longtheirterminalhasbeenidle.2 , HF|unction2 H2 HKO icmp:pingOhost&optional(operation:echo)(datanil)2 H ~`O RequestanICMPEcho,Timestamp,InformationRRequest,orAddress2 ~ 4`MaskfromaremoteInternethost.2 4 &`ThisfunctionpassesthespReci edOhostO anICMPrequestcorresponding2 & \`toOopRerationO ,passingOdataO ifspeci ed.2 \ N`V|alid Ooperation O arguments are O :echoO , O :infoO , O :address-maskO , and O :timestampO .2 N @`O pingO returnstwov}alues."IfananswRerwasreceived,anintegerv}alueis2 @ v`returnedthatrepresentstherespRonsetimeinclock-tic~ks(60persecond).2 v ,`Iftheremotehostdidnotansw~er,NILRisreturned.#Anullresultthis2 , b`couldmeanoneoft~wothings:2 b z1.2 zXtheremotehostisnotaccessible(notconnectedtothenetw~ork),or2 z I2.2 IXtheremotehostdoResnotrespondto\Ping"requests.2 I G`Thesecondv}alue(possiblyNIL)represenRtsanydatareceivedfromthe2 G }`remotehost.2 } o`F|orexample:2 o :O (icmp:ping'myvax:echo"areyouthere")2  M:62 M :("areyouthere")2  O F|unction2 2 KO net:prin~t-int-pkt-statusO&optionalprint-all2  Q`O PrinRtstatusofpacketstobRehandledatmicrocodeinRterruptlevel.2 Q C`A xedarraRyofpacketbu ersiscon guredbythesystem.+Eachpacket2 C y`bu er iseitheron the \free-list" (a~v}ailable for use),on the \transmit-list"2 y /`(wRaiting to betransmitted),or on the \receive-list" (just received but not2 / e`dispatc~hed).2 e W`WithnoargumenRt,O print-int-pkt-statusO liststhenumberoffree,transmit,2 W `andreceivRepackets.(IfOprint-allO isnon-NIL,thefunctiondisplaysthe2 C`protoRcolandstatusforeac~hallocatedpac~k~etbu er.2 C2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR852 O2 O2  w @-F|unction2 @2 @aO ethernet:exos-statsO&k~eyreset-p2 @ vvO PrinRtExosstatisticscollectedbytheExcelanhardwareinterface.LIf2 v ,vOreset-pO isnon-NIL,thecollectedstatisticsarereset.2 , vExosstatisticsaresuppRortedontheExcelanboardonly|.2  &-F|unction2 &2 &aO ethernet:netspy2 & fOLookatallethernetpacketsseenbytheExcelanboard.2  H|OutputisdirectedtoFORMAT-STREAMunlessitisNIL2 H z(inwhichcaseadotisPRINCedforeachpacket;2 z ,(use'si:null-streamfornooutputexceptEXOS-STATS.2 , ^|PEEK-LEVELcontrolslevelofpeekingatpackets;2 ^ (Ifpeek-levelisNIL,justshowpackettypeandlength;2  A(ifnon-NIL,alsoshowdestinationandsource;2 A s(ifnalsoshowndatacharactersbothashexandaschars;2 s %(ifalist,(e.g.ip,udp,tcp,datan),interpretselectedhead-2 % WPersandndatacharacters.2 W :|ApacketwillbeselectedifitsatisfiestheANDofthefollow-2 : lPingspecifications.2 l |TYPESisalistofethernettypestobeaccepted.2  P|NOT-TYPESisalistofethernettypestoberejected.2 P |SOURCESisalistofethernetsourceaddressestobeaccepted.2  3|DESTINATIONSisalistofethernetdestinationaddressestobeaccepted.2 3 e|S-OR-Disalistofethernetaddressestobeacceptedeitheras2 e Psourceordestination.2  {|NETSPYrunstillABORT.2 { ,|TypeanycharactertoseeEXOS-STATS,typecharacterrtoreset2 , ^PEXOS-STATS.2 ^ f-O F|unction2 f2 faO ip:list-route-table2 f vO DisplaRysIProutinginformation,includingthegatewaysandinterfaces,2  RvfortheknoRwnnetworks.2 R Z-F|unction2 Z2 ZaO arp:addr-stat2 Z vO DisplaRysEthernetaddresstranslations(fromChaosnetorInternet)for2  Fveac~hhost.2 F KO10.3)Net~w~orkRCon}trolVyariables2 2  8O V|ariable2 2 aO net:*net~w~ork-protocols*O '(:CHA~OS:INTERNET)2 AvThislistskeywordscorrespondingtoaRv}ailablenetworkprotocolsandthe2 A wvpreferredorderofusage.Bydefault,thesystemwill\prefer"Chaosnet2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 86RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @`accessRo~verTCP/IP|.2 @ 2`Ingeneralthisv}ariableshouldnotbemanipulated;instead,themacro2 2 h`O net:with-tcp-favoredO (seepage80)ispro~vided.2 h Z`InsomeconRtexts,manipulatingthisliste ectivelycandeterminewhat2 Z `protoRcolisused,butthisdoesnotwRorkwithallnetworkingfunctions.2  F`SeeSection7.2.2,RRelease3TCP-Only Lambdas,forfurtherinformation.2 F |`AlsoRO net:with-tcp-fa~v~oredO (seepage80).2 |  "V|ariable2  2  KO si:don~t-use-3comO NIL2  B`When non-NIL, calls to O si:set-processor-o~wning-ethernet O (see page 79) will2 B x`ignore(orrelinquish)the3COMboard.2 x "V|ariable2 2 KO si:don~t-use-excelanO NIL2  >`Whennon-NIL,callstoO si:set-processor-o~wning-ethernetO willignore(or2 > t`relinquish)theExcelanboard.2 t "V|ariable2 2 KO tcpa:*netw~ork-services*2  :`O Alistofnamesofgenericserv~erstoenable.2 : JKEacRhofthesymbolsinthelistO tcpa:*network-services*O correspondstoav}ariable2 J KwhicRhde nesaspeci cnetworkservice.Theseare:2  O2 CO tcpa:*tcp- nger-service*2  ZO2 ZCO tcpa:*udp-time-service*2 Z #O2 #CO tcpa:*tcp-time-service*2 # lO2 lCO tcpa:*tcp-disk-service*2 l 5O2 5CO tcpa:*tcp-sm~tp-service*2 5 O2 CO ftp:*tcp-ftp-service*2  HO2 HCO telnet:*tcp-telnet-service*2 H O2 CO udp:*udp-namespace-service*2  KThesev}ariablenamesareusedincallstoO tcpa:enable-one-network-serviceO (see2  EKpage80)andO tcpa:disable-one-net~work-serviceO (seepage80).2 E U"V|ariable2 U2 UKO tcpa:*udp-rwho-serv~er-enabled*O[TorNIL]2 U `O DetermineswhetherthismacRhinebroadcastsR{WHOpackets.$Setthis2 A`v}ariabletoNILifyRouwanttodisablebroadcastoftheUDPpacketsthat2 A w`areusedforO rwhoO andO ruptimeO .2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR872 O2 O2  w @8V|ariable2 @2 @aO si:enable-services-initialization-list2 @ v8O V|ariable2 v2 vaO si:disable-services-initialization-list2 v ,vO TheassociatedinitializationlistisrunwhenChaosnetservicesareen-2 , bvabled ordisabled.The functionO add-initializationO canbe used to add other2 b vLISPcommandstoeachlist.2  UKO10.4)P~eekDispla~y2 U2 U GaO SevReralcommandmodeswithintheO PeekO programdisplaynetworkingstatus2 G }ainformation.2 } -F|unction2 2 aO peekO&optionalinitial-mode2  WaO ThisfunctioncreatesorvisitsaPeekframe.Optionally|,theOinitial-modeO indi-2 W  acateswhicRhdisplaytoshow.2  aPReekisav}ailableasasystemkey|,\Oh| ^A  O SYSTEMF F   AF F J OiO P".WithinPeek,Pressakeyor2  5aselectthedesiredoptionfromthePReekcommandmenu.2 5 mKO10.4.1"Net~w~orkDispla~y2 m2 m _aO TheRO NetworkO commanddispla~ysstatusandstatisticalinformationoneac~hnet-2 _ awRorkprotocolandinterface.2  aTheRprotocols,interfaces,andconnectionsaremouse-sensitive.Optionsinclude2  =aclosing,resetting,inspecting,anddescribingtheselecteditem;theseareuseful2 = safordebuggingand/orresettingwRedged connections.Levelsofinformation detail2 s )amaRybesetforthestatisticsdisplays;optionsareONormalO ,OV{erboseO ,andOBriefO .2 ) aThereisusuallymorethanonefullscreentothedisplay;positionthemouse2  QacursortothefarleftofthedisplaRyandusethescrollingbartomoveupordown2 Q awithinthedisplay|.2  Ya SA> y QA ~ FO W{arning:O Do not close the netw~ork interfaces,R drivers,or transpRort protocols F |fromPReek.Thiscapabilityisav}ailableonlyfordebuggingextremesituations. | 2UseO net:con gureO torestarttheprotocols!afterclosingdoRwnthroughO PeekO . 2 Q,A ~ Q YA> y2 Y2 Y2 w [[U2  O5O 88RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O10.4.2"HostatDispla~y2 @2 @ 2KO TheO HostatO commanddisplaRysstatusandstatisticalinformationoneachChaos-2 2 hKnethostthatrespRondswhenpolled.ThisisthesameinformationproRvidedby2 h KO hostatO (seepage81).2  V5O10.4.3"ChaosnetDispla~y2 V2 V HKO The O Chaosnet O command displays the status ofopen Chaosnet connections.Also,2 H ~KChaosnet-inRternal\meters"(statistics)aredisplayed;thesearenotincludedon2 ~ 3KtheRO Net~w~orkO displa~y{.2 3 %KThe rstlineineacRhgroupdisplayingaconnectionismouse-sensitive..By2 % [KclicRkingonthestringO "O Connectionto...O "O ,eachconnectioncanbRedescribed,2 [ Kinspected,orclosed.+Thehostnamedisplayedwitheachconnectionisalso2  GKmouse-sensitive;clic~kingonahostbringsupamenuwithoptionsincluding2 G }KO hostatO andO qsendO .2 } D5O10.5)MessagesandErrors2 D2 D 6KO ThefolloRwingrun-statesmaybReseenontheWho-Line(orreportedbRyPeek):2 6 EKO TCPRSoc~ketI/O2 E2 E2 E {;O Thisrun-stateappRearsduringsocket-levelTCP/IPconnections. It2 { 1;willappRearduringbothinput(listen,reply)andoutput.2 1 wKO TCPServiceLock2 w2 w2 w -;O Thisrun-statemaRyappearwhenaTCPfunctionentersaprocess2 - c;waitstate.IfthefunctiondoResnotreturn,itmeansthataloc~khas2 c ;beenRusurped,andtheprocessloc~kingtheservicemaybehung.This2  O;mayoRccurifprotocolsordriv~ersareclosedabnormally|.2 O KO TCPServR~erLock2 2 2  K;O Similarto \TCPService LocRk",this run-statemayappear while run-2 K ;ningafunctionthatcommRunicatesdirectlywithanetworkserver2  7;proRcess.Ifsuchafunctiondoesnotreturn,itmeansthatalockhas2 7 m;beenRusurped,andtheprocessloc~kingtheserv~ermaybeh~ung,or2 m #;theservReritselfmaybehung.2 # iKO NetConnect2 i2 i2 i ;O Thisrun-stateappearswhenaChaosnetfunctionisattemptingto2  U;makRe an initial connection to a particular contact (server) on a partic-2 U ;ularhost.Aprocessthathangsinthisstate indicatesthata ph~ysical2 A;connectioncannotbeestablished,suggestingthatthetw~ohostsare2 A w;notconnectedviatheph~ysicalEthernet.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR892 O2 O2  w @aO ChaosnetFinish2 @2 @2 @ vQO Thisrun-stateappearswhenafunctionisw~aitingforallterminating2 v ,Qpac~k~etsonaChaosconnectiontobetransmittedandac~knowledged.2 , bQHangingherema~yindicatethattheremotehosthasdroppedthe2 b Qconnection,orthattheloRcalconnectionwasabortedatadelicate2  NQtime.R$PressO CTRL-Oh{ .A N QO ABORT, N, N [A, N, N1 N|OiO toforcetheconnectiontoterminate.If2 N Qnootherconnectionsareoutstanding,youcanuseO fs:close-all- lesO to2  :QforceanyopRenstreamstothisconnectiontobeclosed;alternatively|,2 : pQthespReci cconnectioncanbeclosedinO PeekO .2 p 7aO ChaosnetInput,BRDIn2 72 72 7 lQO IndicatesthecalleriswRaitingforaninputChaosnetpacket.2 l 3aO ChaosnetW{ait2 32 32 3 iQO Thisprocessstateindicatesthatafunctionisw~aitingforaChaos2 i Qconnection to change status; normally this will time out if no response2  UQisforthcoming.2 U aO PollHosts,HostatReply{,Hosttime,Uptimereply2 2 2  QQO W|aitingforanRyofanumbRerofhoststorespondtoastatuspoll.2 Q aO Net~w~orkBu er2 2 2  NQO Indicatesthatthe\inRtpacket"bu ersareallinuse.'Iffunctions2 N Qhanghere,itisprobablynecessarytoexecuteO net:con gureO .Report2  :QpersistentproblemstoCustomerService.2 :2 w [[U2  O5O 90RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR912 O2 O2  w  s;O112 s IxGenericR!Net}w}orkingApplications2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterdocumentsthe\generic"networkingsoftware:thosefunctionsand2  5aapplicationsthatarenotrestrictedtoaparticularnetworkin~terface.(These2 5 kaapplicationswRorkwithbothChaosnetorTCP/IP|,makingthemav~ailableto2 k !athewidestpRossiblerangeofremotehosttypes.2 ! hKO11.1)FileAccess2 h2 h YaO The\transparenRt" leaccessprovidedbytheLambdasoftwareisanimportant2 Y afeatureofthenetworkingRsoft~ware.ThisdistinguishesLambdanet~workingfrom2  Easomesystemsthatrequirespecial\commandinRterfaces"foreachspecialized2 E {aprotoRcol.On the Lambda,Rstandard utilities and interfaces (O listfO ,O copy- leO ,O viewfO ,2 { 1aO ZMacsO ,O DiredO ,etc.)willgothroughChaosnetorTCP/FTPasrequired.2 1 #aTheO pathnameO scRhemeontheLambdaallowsthespReci cationofbothph~ysical2 # Yaandlogicalhosts.WithpropRerlycon gurednetw~orkinformation, lesmaybe2 Y aaccessedusingstandardpathnamemec~hanismsonremotesystemsviaeither2  EaChaosnetorTCP/IP|.2 E 7aTheprimaryreferencesonthepathnamesystemaretheO LISPMachineManual2 7 maO andOCommonLISP-TheLanguageO .ThissectionisinRtendedasanoverviewof2 m #a leaccessandpathnameswithrespecttonet~workingconsiderations.2 # aBrie y|,apathnamema~ybRespeci edaseitherastringorasapathnameobject.2  KaMost userinRterface routines will accept eitherformwherea pathnameargument2 K aisexpected.2  saPathname objects can bRe O made O { constructed from componenRts { by the function2 s )aO mak~e-pathnameO .2CommonLISPandRZetaLISPde neapathnameschemethat2 ) _aissucienRtly exibletoencompassawidev~arietyofpathnamesystemsand2 _2 w [[U2  O5O 92RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @Ksyn~taxes.2 @ 2KWhen a pathname is presenRted \out of context", especially when it is represented2 2 hKbRy astring,it mustbReOparsed O to determine individual components.Apathname2 h KisRalw~aysparsedandconstructedwithrespecttothetypeofcomputersystem2  TKindicatedbRythehostportionofthepathname.Theparsingrulesapproximate,2 T  KaswRellaspossible,thenativepathnamesyntaxthatappliesontheremotehost.2  |KThev}alidnet~workhostsarespeci edinthesite les;seeSection9.2.5.V|alid2 | 2KhosttRypesareimplementedas avorsthatarebuiltupontheprimaryO si:host2 2 hKO type.2 h ZKAlmost all LamRbda software interfaces parse pathnames, and most do not impose2 Z KanRyrestrictionsonthev}alidhostor lesystemtypes. O1 GO T|oprovidecontinuity2  FKamongcommandsandtoa ordsomeeconomRyofexpression,utilitiesmayparse2 F |KpathnameswithrespecttoacurrenRtsetofpathnamedefaults(suchasthemost2 | 2KrecenRtlyspeci edhost)thatareappropriatetothecurrentenvironment.2 2 $KPRathnamesaregenerallyspeci edwiththehostname rst,followedbythe2 $ ZKdirectoryand lespeci cations.ComponenRtscanbeseparatedbyspacecharac-2 Z Kters.The only standard delimiter,whicRh mustbe parsed forallpathname types,2  FKisthecolon(\:").Thehostnameisalwa~ysseparatedbRyafollowingcolonto2 F |Kdistinguishitfromotherpathnamecomponents.2 | =5O11.1.1"P~athnameTypes2 =2 = /KO Thefollowingsectionsdiscussthemostcommonlyusedstandardpathname2 / eKtRypes,withcommentsonparsingandrepresentationissues.2 e '5O11.1.1.1#UnixP~athnames2 '2 ' 7~O 1.2 7CLISPhassomeknoRwledgeofUnix letypRes,anddoesnotrequireUnix2 7 mC lestohaveextensions.2 m 5~2.2 5CTheUnixwild-cards\*"and\?"R,aresupported.The\directoryup"2 5 kCdelimiter\.."Ralsow~orks.OthercRharacterswhichhavespecialmeanings2 k !CinUnixshells,sucRhasO "~"O ,arenotunderstoodassuchbyLISP{.2 ! i~3.2 iCInZetaLISPsynRtax,theOslashcharacterO \/"isusedasthe\character2 i Cquote".ThRusinUnixpathnamesitisnecessarytospecifythe\/"twice2 5 WAX wS hO1g wg wO Animportan~texceptionisO ftp:ftpO (seepage95).g w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR932 O2 O2  w @YwhereUnixrequiresitonce.InCommonLISPsyn~taxthisdouble-quoting2 @ vYisnotnecessary|.F|orexample:2 v u3O InZetaLISP:"unix-a://etc//rc2"2 u '3InCommonLISP:O"unix-a:/etc/rc2"2 ' lO 4.2 lYUnixpathnamespeci cationsthatareintendedtoapplytoadirectory|,2 l "YbutnottothedirectoryOasa leO ,mRustgenerallyhavea\/"characterap-2 " XYpended.F{or example, O (listf O "O unix-a:/usr/keithO "O ) will list the presence of the2 X Ydirectory leO "O kReithO "O ,butwillnotlistthe lescontainedinthatdirectory|.2  DYThecorrectspReci cationinthisinstancewouldbeO "O unix-a:/usr/k~eith/O "O ,2 D zYwhicRhisparsedintothewild-cardedspeci cationO "O unix-a:/usr/keith/*O "O .2 z ?5.2 ?YUnixpathnamesarenotparsedontheLambRdawithrespecttoacurrent2 ? uY\w~orkingdirectory",RasintheUnixshells.Instead,thecurrentpathname2 u +Ydefaultsareappliedasneeded,andtheymaRychangefromonecontext2 + aYtoanother.Y{oushouldspecifydirectoriescompletely(fromtheO "O /O "O le-2 a YsystemlevRel)unlessyouarecertainofthecurrentpathnamedefaults.2  JKO11.1.1.2#VMSP~athnames2 J2 J <aO VMSpathnamesareparsedinaccordancewithVMSV|ersion4rules.2 < .aThedisk/devicepRortionofaVMSpathnameisspeci edasacomponentfol-2 . daloRwingthehostnamewhichisalsofollowedbyacolon.ItispRossibletospecify2 d aadefaultdeviceforeacRhV{AXonthenetwork;thiswillsavesometypingand2  PapossiblyRpreven~tconfusion.Thedefaultdeviceforaforeignhostisspeci edby2 P athesiteoptionO :HOST-DEFzA~UL|T-DEVICE-ALISTO (seeSectionpage61).2  xaF{orexample:2 x $oO :2 $ V;(:HOST-DEFAULT-DEVICE-ALIST'(("LMI-VAX"."USER_DISK")))2 V o:2  aO GivRenthissiteentry|,Rpathnameson\LMI-V{AX"will,bydefault,includethe2  <a(logical) device \USERO _O DISK". Here are t~wo examples of VMS pathnames, with2 < radefaultedandspeci eddevices:2 r ;O (pathname"lmi-vax:[keith]foo.com;")2  P;#2 P 3;(pathname"lmi-vax:dba0:[system]sysexe.exe;*")2 3 e;#2 e2 w [[U2  O5O 94RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O11.1.2"SpecifyinganUnkno~wnHost2 @2 @ 2KO UnknoRwn hosts are handled very di erently when OparsingO , as opposed to OmakingO ,2 2 hKapathname.2 h ZKO makRe-pathameO signalsanerrorwhenitispassedanunknownhostcomponent,2 Z KasyRouwouldexpect.2  KOntheotherhand,pathnameparsingmecRhanismssuchasO fs:parse-pathname2  8KO in~terpretRinv}alidhostnamesasdevicespeci cations.!Inthiscase,a\parsed"2 8 nKpathname is returnedwhicRh includes a host takenfrom the current defaults,and2 n $Kadevicespeci cationtakRenfromtheintendedhost.2 $ KF{orexample:2  B%O (make-pathname:host"unknown-host"2 B t-:directory"TEMP":name:wild:type:lisp)2 t &%>>ERROR:"unknown-host"isnotthenameofaknownfilehost2 & W%...2 W ;%(pathname"unknown-host:temp;*.lisp")2 ; m%#2 m kKO Sinceprogramsshouldbewrittensoastoprev~entthiskindofconfusion,pro-2 k !Kgrammersshouldkeephostnamesseparatefrom lenamespeci cations.Then,2 ! WKO makRe-pathnameO canbecalledtoconstructeachdesiredpathname,andanerror2 W  Kwillbesignalledintheeven~tofanunknownhost.2  T5O11.2)DISKFzunctions2 T2 T FKO TheDISKRprotocolsofChaosnetandTCParepro~videdtosupportremotedisk2 F |KaccessthroughfunctionssucRhasO print-disk-labelO andO si:copy-disk-partitionO .This2 | 2KprotoRcolissupportedonlybet~weenLambdas.2 2 $KTheOunitO argumenRt(s)takenbythesefunctionsallowstheusertospecifya2 $ ZKparticulardiskunitontheloRcalsystemoraremotehost.Adiskunitcanbe2 Z KspReci edaseitheranum~berorastring.,Anum~ber(0or1)isin~terpretedasa2  FKdiskunitontheloRcalsystem;astringspeci esahostnameand,optionally{,a2 F |Kdiskunitontheremotesystem.2 | nKLocaldiskunit0isthemaindisk;thisisthedefaultinmostcases.Onsystems2 n #Kwithdual-diskcon gurationstheseconddiskisconsideredunit1.2 #2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR952 O2 O2  w @aThefolloRwingfunctionsprovideremoteDISKaccess:2 @ K-F|unction2 K2 KaO si:copy-disk-partitionOfrom-unitfrom-partto-unitto-part2 K 1&optional&kRey(pages-at-a-time(minpage-rqb-size85))(ver-2  71boset)(starting-hRundred0)whole-thing-pdelay2 7 mvO CopRypartitionFROM-P|AR|TonFROM-UNITtopartitionTO-P|AR|T2 m #vonTO-UNIT.2 # vHerearesomeexamples:2  APO ;Copyonmaindisk2 A %P(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod10'lod3)2 % P;Copyto2nddisk2  lP(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod11'sav1)2 l PP;CopytoOTHER-HOST2 P 3P(si:copy-disk-partition0'lod1"other-host"'lod3)2 3 >-O F|unction2 >2 >aO print-disk-labelO&optional(unitnil)(streamstandard-2 > t1output)2 t *vO DisplaythedisklabelforUNIT,withoutputtoSTREAM.2 * vF|orexample:2  HPO (print-disk-label):;printlocalmaindisk2 H zP(print-disk-label1);printlocalauxiliarydisk2 z ,P(print-disk-label"lama");printLAMA'smaindisk2 , ]P(print-disk-label"lamc1")N;printLAMC'sauxiliarydisk2 ]2 w [[U2  O5O 96RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR972 O2 O2  w  o;O122 o ItTCP/IP!Applications2 I2  aO ThiscRhapterdocumentstheuserinterfacestoTCP/IPprotocolapplications.2  qaNotethatmanRyoftheTCP/IPfunctionsdocumentedbelowwhichtakeasan2 q 'aargumenRtthenameofaremotehostwillalsoacceptanInternetaddress.2 ' ]aThispRermitscomm~unicationwithahostthatisnotspeci edintheloadedsite2 ] ainformation.2  PKO12.1)FileTyransferProtocol(FTP)2 P2 P BaO TheFTPspReci cationspeci esthatacommandin~terfacebeproRvidedtomake2 B xacon~v~entionalFTPcommandsaRv}ailableattheuserlevel.2 x jaThe FTP-only command inRterface is provided by the LISP function O ftp:ftpO .Path-2 j  anamesarepassedwithouttranslationfromO ftp:ftpO totheremoteFTPserv~er.2  VaThisisusefulif,Rforexample,thenormalLam~bda leaccessfunctionsarenot2 V  aworkingbecauseofpathnameparsingproblems.2  #-F|unction2 #2 #aO ftp:ftpO&optionalhost2 # YvO TheFileT|ransferProtocolcommand.2 Y KvConnectstoOremote-hostnameO ,ifspeci ed.2 K caFigure18,page97illustratesanexampleofanFTPsession.2 c UaTypRe \O?O "to viewthe helpdocumenRtationon each command.In thehelp listing,2 U aoptionalargumenRtsareenclosedinbrackets,afteranyrequiredarguments.Ifa2 AacommandisenRteredwithnoarguments,theuserispromptedforeachone,in2 A waorder.EnRterOh| VA w zO RETURN? w? w A? w? wC wOiO toskipanargument.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 98RLam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KThemostcommonlyusedcommandsinclude:2 @ OKO?[command]O -2 O2 O2 O ;O helpinformationonallcommands(oraspeci cOcommandO )2  KKOOPENtoO -2 K2 K2 K ;O openaconnectiontoaremotehost.2  GKOCDremote-directoryO -2 G2 G2 G };O cRhangeremoteworkingdirectorytoOremote-directoryO .Theworking2 } 3;directoryisusedtoapplypathnamedefaultstorelativepathnames2 3 i;orwhereOremote-directoryO isoptional.2 i /KOPWDO -2 /2 /;O displa~yRcurrentw~orkingdirectoryonremotehost.2 / uKODIR[remote-directory][local- le]O -2 u2 u2 u +;O listdirectorycon~ten~tsofcurren~tdirectoryorOremote-directoryO ;op-2 + a;tionally|,Rsa~velistinginOlocal- leO .2 a (KOST{A|TUSO -2 (2 (2 ( ^;O showRcurrentstatusofen~vironmentcommands.2 ^ $KOUSER[username][passwRord][account]O -2 $2 $2 $ Z;O loginandsendnewuserinformation.2 Z  KOSENDlocal- le[remote- le]O -2  2  2  V;O transferOloRcal- leO fromlocalsystemtoOremote- leO onremotesystem.2 V KORECVremote- le[local- le]O -2 2 2  R;O transferOremote- leO fromremotesystemtoloRcalsystemasOlocal- leO .2 R KOCLOSEO -2 2 ;O terminateFTPsession.2  ^KOQUITO -2 ^2 ^;O terminateFTPsessionandexit.2 ^ 55O12.2)TyerminalRNet}w~orkAccessProtocol(Tzelnet)2 52 5 'KO There are four di erenRt ways to access the T|elnet protocol on the Lambda.They2 ' ]Kdi erinthemeansofaccess,andproRvidev~aryingdegreesofspecialcharacter2 ] Kandrubouthandling.Theyallprovidethesamebasicservice,namely|,remote2  IKlogincapability|.2 I ;KOh| A ; >O SYSTEM ; ; HA ; ; ;OiRO TO invokesafull-screenT|elnetinterface.Thisisthemostfully-featured2 ; qKin~terface,includingRrubout-handling,forLam~bRda-to-Lambdaremoteloginsvia2 q 'KTCP/T|elnet.2 ' KTheKermitinRterfacesprovideH19terminalemulation,whichissupportedby2  OKmanRyotherT|elnetservers.2 O AKThe otherT{elnet and\glass ttRy"interfaces providesonlybasic\dumb terminal"2 A wKcapabilities.2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuideR992 O2 O2  w uK  AS GpO;ReadingattoplevelinLispListener1.} G yp;Readinginbase10inpackageUSERwithstandardZetalispreadtable.} y ]pO(ftp:ftp'lmi-vax)} ] pOConnectedtoLMI-VAX}  @p220lmi-vaxFTPserver(Version4.91FriMar1512:12:27PST1985)ready.} @ rp(username)Okeith} r $pO331Passwordrequiredforkeith.} $ Vp(password)} V p230Userloggedin.}  9pftp>Opwd} 9 kpO251"_DBA4:[USERS.KEITH]"iscurrentdirectory.} k pftp>Odirl*.c~om;}  OpO200PORTcommandokay.} O p150Openingdataconnectionforl*.com;(101.0.0.222,283).}  3pRWED/[300,000]1/3,17-OCT-198619:34,labelq.com;12} 3 dpRWED/[300,000]1/3,17-OCT-198619:32,labelqs.com;6} d pRWED/[300,000]1/3,24-NOV-198616:07,labler.com;2}  HpRWED/[300,000]1/3,17-OCT-198620:38,labs.com;8} H zpRWED/[300,000]2/3,22-OCT-198621:17,login.com;82} z ,p226Transfercomplete.} , ]p275bytesreceivedin1.18seconds(0.23Kbytespersecond)} ] pftp>OgetRlo~gin.c~omtemp;lo~gin.c~om}  ApO200PORTcommandokay.} A sp150Openingdataconnectionforlogin.com(101.0.0.222,284).} s %p226Transfercomplete.} % Vp683bytesreceivedin0.15seconds(4.55Kbytespersecond)} V pftp>Odir[cR~opy]temp;copy-dirlist}  :pO200PORTcommandokay.} : lp150Openingdataconnectionfor[copy](101.0.0.222,285).} l p226Transfercomplete.}  Pp81bytesreceivedin0.03seconds(2.43Kbytespersecond)} P pftp>Oquit}  3pO221Goodbye.} 3 pNIL}  YuO Figure18.RO ExampleO FTP:FTPO session.UserinputisOinitalicsO .} Y uAS2 u waTheinRterfaceprovidedwhenyoulogintoaLambdaviaT|elnetisastandard2 w -aLamRbdaLISPlistener(read/ev}al/printloRop).*T|ogetdocumentationonthe2 - casupportedterminalcapabilities,executetheLISPfunctionO (help)2 c UaO WhentheLamRbdaT|elnetserveracceptsaconnectionfromaremotesystem,it2 U acausesamessagetobedispla~y~edonthewho-line.F|orexample,whenauseron2 Aatheremotehost\HOST-A"usesT|elnettologinonyRourlocalhost(theoneyou2 A waarerunningon),youwillseethemessageO TELNETSERzVINGHOST-AO on2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1009Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @Kthewho-line.2 @2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91012 O2 O2  w @KO12.2.1"Fzull-ScreenTzelnet2 @2 @ 2aO F{ull-screenRT|elnetisthepreferredmeansofremoteloginbet~weenLambdas.2 2 haTheLambdaT|elnetuserprogramconductsnon-standardnegotiationswiththe2 h aLamRbdaT|elnetservertodeterminewhethertheuserisrunningonaLambda,2  TaandwillproRvidefull-screen,specialcharacter,andrubouthandlingifappropri-2 T  aate.2  |aTR|oaccessfull-screenTelnet,pressOh \A | O SYSTEM | |  A | | |OiO TO .Toconnecttoaremotehost,at2 | 2athepromptO Connecttohost:O ,enRterahostnameorInternetaddress.Press2 2 haOh| GAm h kO HELP h h uAm h h# hgOiO forinformationonspRecifyingremotehostsandontheuseofspecialc~har-2 h aacters.2  aTheOh{ oA8  O NETWORK   A8   0OiO k~eyisusedtoescapRefromT|elnettoasetofspecialcommands.2  aFR|orexample,sinceman~yforeignTelnetserversdonotrespondcorrectlyto2  8aremote/localecRhonegotiations,thefull-screenT|elnetprogramprovidesaca-2 8 napabilitRyfortogglinglocalecho. Ifyouseeduplicatecharactersprintedinthe2 n $awindoRw,pressOh{ A8 $ 'O NETWORK_ $_ $ 1A8_ $_ $d $0OiO EO totogglelocalecho.2 $ aAnotherimpRortantescapesequenceisOh{ uA8  O NETWORKs s  #A8s s x 0OiO LO ,whic~hlogsoutanddiscon-2  LanectsfromtheremoteT{elnetconnection.2 L KO12.2.2"KermitTRzelnetandTerminalEm~ulation2 2  vaO Another windoRw-based T|elnet interface is av~ailable through the Kermit program.2 v ,aThisinRterfaceprovidesH19(VT52-andZ29-compatible)terminalemulation.2 , baThisisthepreferredinRterfaceforcontactingforeignhostssuchasV{AX/VMS2 b athatsuppRortthistypeoffull-screenterminalhandling.2   aTR|ospecifyTelnetforfutureconnections,selectthetop-levRelKermitmenuitem2  @a JA3O @ AN @O ReviewParameters @ @ JAN JMA3O2 @:O ,andthenselect JA3O @ A @O TCPTelnetz @{ @ JA{ JA3O] @=O .Thenusethe JA3O @ AH @O Connect @ @ JAH JGA3Oi @2 @ vaO commandtoconnecttotheremotehost'sTR|elnetserver.$TerminalI/Otak~es2 v ,aplacewithintheH19terminalemRulationwindow.2 , aAsusualwithKermit,theOh| }A8  !O NETWORKt t  +A8t t x 1OiO keyisusedtoescapefromT{elnettoaset2  Taofspecialcommands.2 T FaTheescapResequenceOh{ %A8 F IO NETWORKp Fp F SA8p Fp Fu F0OiO DO togglesbet~weenlocalandremoteec~hoing.2 F 8aWithmostremotehosts,whenyRoulogoutyouwillbedisconnected.Alterna-2 8 nativelyRyoucanusethek~eystrok~eOh| MA8 n qO NETWORKc nc n {A8c nc ng n1OiO KO todisconnect.Notethatthemen~u2 n )acommand 3A3O ) A )O Disconnect ) ) 3A 3A3Oe )TO doesOnotO disconnecttheT|elnetconnection;rather,it2 ) _asimplydisconnectstheterminalemRulatorwindow.2 _2 w [[U2  O5O 1029Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O12.2.3"AccessingTzelnetfromLISP2 @2 @ 2KO KermitH19-compatibleT|elnetcanalsobeexecutedfromaLISPListener.2 2 8F|unction2 82 8KO kermit:telnet-h19O&optionalto-host2 8 n`O ConnecttoOto-hostO .SimilartotheKermitwindoRwinterface,butcanbe2 n $`inv~ok~edfromLISP|.2 $ *KThereisanotherLISPfunctionwhicRhinvokesaT|elnetuserprogram;thisoneis2 * `Ksimilarto,Rbutnotasfully-featuredas,thestandardfull-screenin~terface.Using2 ` KthisfunctiontoaccessaremoteLamRbdaT|elnetserverwillnotprovidethefull2  LKrangeofLamRbdacharacterhandling.2 L RF|unction2 R2 RKO tcp:telnetOhost2 R `O OpRenaT|elnetconnectiontotheremoteOhostO withnospecialterminal2  >`emRulation.IfusedtocontactanotherLambRda,somerubouthandlingis2 > t`pro~vided.2 t #5O12.2.4"GlassTTYTzelnet2 #2 # KO ThefolloRwingfunctionprovidesonlydumbterminalcapability:2  F|unction2 2 KO telnet:telnet-glass-ttyOaddress&optional(portO "OTEL-2  QNETO "O)(HALF-DUPLEXNIL)2 Q KO TheO telnet-glass-tt~yO functionisusefulfordebugging.\Itsprimarypurpose2  QKistoallo~waccesstootherTCPpRortsbesidesT|elnet.#ByspecifyingtheOport2 Q KO argument,you can vRerify your host's ability to connect to TCP services (O "O FTPO "O ,2  =KO "O SMTPO "O ,etc.)onaremotehost.2 = /KF{orexample,Rtotestwhetheraremotehostisaccessible,andtov~erifythatit2 / eKproRvidesFTP|,executethefollowing(specifyingtheactualaddress):2 e %O (telnet:telnet-glass-tty"101.0.0.10""FTP")2  Y5O12.3)ImagenPrinR~terDriver2 Y2 Y KKO TheRnetw~orkingandprintersoftwarepro~videadriverforstand-aloneImagen2 K Klaserprinters(model8/300andcompatibles)thatareaccessedremotelyvia2  7KTCP/IP{.TheLamRbdaIMAGENserverqueues letransferstotheImagen,but2 7 mKm~uchoftheactualprocessingis,ine ect,done\inthebackground".2 m2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91032 O2 O2  w @KO12.3.1"De ninganImagenHost2 @2 @ 2aO AnImagenhostisde nedwithsystemtRypeandmachinetypeO IMAGENO .The2 2 hafolloRwingO "O HOSTS.TEXTO "O entryde nesastand-aloneImagenprinter:2 h ;O HOSTOUR-IMAGEN,INTERNET101.0.0.202,SERVER,IMAGEN,IMAGEN,[IMA]2  aO InO "O SITE.LISPO "O yRoucande neanImagenprinterbyhostnameorbyInternet2  Iaaddress.Y|oucanoptionallyspecifyastand-aloneImagenasthedefaultprinter2 I afortextand/orgraphics.ThefolloRwingentriesde netheImagenprintercorre-2  5aspondingtothehost\IMA"andmakReitthedefaultforallprinting:2 5 a;O (DEFSITE...2 a U...2  Do(:PRINTER-NAMES'((("DOC-PRINTER")(:IMAGEN"IMA"))))2 D vo(:DEFAULT-PRINTER"DOC-PRINTER")2 v (o(:DEFAULT-BIT-ARRAY-PRINTER"DOC-PRINTER")2 ( ZU...)2 Z KO12.3.2"SettingImagenHardcopyOptions2 2   aO ThefolloRwingfunctionallowsyoutosetImagenoptionsforhardcopyrequests:2  -F|unction2 2 aO tcpa:set-imagen-print-optionsO&k~eycopiesform-length2  M1form-widthline-wrappingforms-per-pageleft-marginline-2 M 1numberspage-headingsok-wRaitok-wait-triesnoti cations2  9vO IfanRyImagenprintoption(s)is(are)speci ed,setit(them);otherwise,2 9 ovbringupacRhoose-v}ariable-v}aluesmenuforspecifyingoptions.2 o |aTheseoptionssetglobalv~ariableswhicRhspecifydefaultoptionsforhardcopy2 | 2arequestsgoingtotheImagenprinter(s).2 2 $aY|ou can also in~voke this function as a pop-up menRu by selecting 5A:H $ }A $O ImagenOptionse $e $ 5Ae 5~A:HP $2 $ ZaO fromtheSystemMenu.2 Z KO12.3.3"Prin~tingtotheImagen2 2  aO If the Imagen is speci ed as the default text prin~ter, hardcopy requests generated2 AabRyfunctionssuchasO hardcopy- leO willautomaticallyberoutedtotheImagen.2 A waIftheImagenisspeci edasthedefaultbit-arraRyprinter,bit-arrayprinting2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1049Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KfunctionssuchastheOh|  AU @ CO TERMINALg @g @ MAUg @g @k @NOiO QO screen-dumpprogramwillberoutedtothe2 @ vKImagen.2 v hKIf some other tRype of printer is the default, you can still specify the Imagen as the2 h KtargetprinRtertofunctionssuchasO hardcopy- leO byusingaprinterspeci cation2  TKoranInternetaddress.2 T FKF{orexample:2 F r%O (hardcopy-file"lm:keith;myfile.text":printer"doc-printer")2 r $%(hardcopy-file"lm:keith;myfile.text":printer'(:imagen"ima"))2 $ V%(hardcopy-file"lm:keith;myfile.text":printer"101.0.0.202")2 V TKO TheImagenroutingsoft~warealsoknoRwshowtohandleIMPRESSformat les.2 T  KT|oprin~ta lethathasbReenformattedforIMPRESSprocessing,specifythe2  @KO :formatO optiontoO hardcopy- leO :2 @ l%O (hardcopy-file"lm:keith;myfile.impress"2 l -:printer"doc-printer"2  P-:format:impress)2 P 5O12.4)Lam~bRdaDISKProtocol2 2   KO TheRTCPDISKprotocolispro~videdforcompatibilit~ywithChaosnetnetw~ork2  @Kdiskfunctions sucRhasO print-disk-labelO and O si:copy-disk-partition O overTCP|.Byde-2 @ vKfault,thesefunctionswill\prefer"togothroughChaosnet;touseTCPinstead,2 v ,KcallRO net:with-tcp-favoredO (seepage80).2 , KSection11.2documenRtstherequiredsyntaxforspecifyingdiskunits.2 2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91052 O2 O2  w  |;O132 | R Chaosnet!Services2 R2  aO MostofthestandardChaosnetfunctionalitRyhasbeenextendedontheLambda2  5atowRorkoverTCP/IPaswell.ThoseserviceswhichexistunderbRothprotocols2 5 kaareRcoveredinChapter11.2 k ]aThiscRhapterdescribestheuserandstreamsinterfacestov}ariousChaosnetser-2 ] avices.ManRyoftheseservicesdonothaveastandardfunctionalinterface,but2  IatheycanbReusedwithinprograms.Section14.4describesthegeneralusageof2 I aChaosnet streams.The sections in this cRhapter provide example code illustrating2  5atheuseofChaosnetstreamsforusingparticularservices.2 5 'aThefolloRwingtableliststheChaosnetfeaturesthataresupportedbythe2 ' ]aLamRbda,alongwiththehighestlevelinterfaceav~ailableandareferencetofur-2 ] atherinformation.2  KOProtocol2 2 2 { -%CompilingSYS:SITE;SITELISP>2 - _%CompilingSYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISP>2 _ %CompilingSYS:SITE;HSTTBLLISP>2  B%LoadingsitefilesonaccountofSYS:SITE;SITEQFASL>2 B t%LoadingsitefilesonaccountofSYS:SITE;LMLOCSQFASL>2 t &%LoadingsitefilesonaccountofSYS:SITE;HSTTBLQFASL>(T)2 & X%(NIL)2 X ;%NIL2 ;2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91112 O2 O2  w @aO NOTE:O OneofthemostusefulapplicationsoftheEVzALserveristoexecute2 @ vaUnixcommandsfromLISPtoberunonanattacRhedLambRda-Plusprocessor.2 v ,aThe distributed example le O "O SYS:EXAMPLES;STREAMSO "O providesanillustra-2 , bationofho~wtodothis.2 b TaTheSTREAMSexampleincludesthefolloRwingfunction,whichexecutesUnix2 T  acommandsremotely:2  6;O (defunsimple-unix-eval(hostcommand2 6 hI&optional(streamstandard-output))2 h o(with-open-stream(s(chaos:open-stream2  LIhost2 L }I(formatnil"EVAL~a"command)))2 } /$(formatstream"~&%~A~%"command)2 / a$(do((c(sends':tyi)(sends':tyi)))2 a  ((nullc))2  EX(sendstream':tyo2 E vu(selectqc2 v ()((#o12#o15)#\return)2 ( Z)(#o11#\tab)2 Z  )(tc))))))2   aO F{orexample:2  6;O (simple-unix-eval"unix-a""cd/usr/local/shareapp;make")2 6 h;%cd/usr/local/shareapp;make2 h o:2  Lo:2 L JaO Suggestion:O Applications using the Lambda Extended Streams ;Otmz J:O global shared2 J amemoryfacilitRyforinterprocessorcommunicationscanusethiscapability|.$A2  6aprogram called from LISP can start up the desired Unix program through EV{AL,2 6 laandthencommunicatemoredirectlythroughsharedmemory{.2 l ^aNotethattheEV{ALservReronLambda-PlusSystem5Unixisloggedinas2 ^ aOanonRymousO whileitexecutethedesiredcommands.)Thisusernamemustbe2  JaprovidedRb~ytheUnixsystemadministrator,withwhatev~erprovisions,suc~has2 J aidenRti cationandsecurity|,thataredesired;thustheUnixadministratorcan2 6aexercise some conRtrol over what is executed from remote sources.F|or this reason2 6 laitisoftendesirableonlytoEVzALcommandsthatexecuteashellscriptsituated2 l "ainapublicaccoun~t.2 "2 w [[U2  O5O 1129Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O13.5)TIME-TimeofDaR~yServer2 @2 @ 2KO TheTIMEservRerallowsonehosttoaskanotherforthecurrenttimeofday|.2 2 hKTheformofanswRermaybeimplementation-dependent;thatis,youmustknow2 h Kthedetails ofdecoding the resultfrom a givRen type ofChaosnet implementation.2  KWhenaLamRbdahostqueriesaremoteLambda'sTIMEserver,theanswer2  FKreceivRed is a Chaos packet,which must bRe decoded.The time of da~y is expressed2 F |Kin univRersal time (UT) format;this is a 32-bit quantity contained in a 4 character2 | 2Kstring,whicRhmustbRecomposedinRtoaninteger.2 2 $KThefolloRwingexampleprintsthetimeofdayreceivedfromtheLambdahost2 $ ZK\MASTER":2 Z %O (time:print-universal-time2  8Y(let((timen(lisp:map'list'char-int2 8 j(chaos:pkt-string2 j J(chaos:simple"MASTER""TIME")))))2  M(+(firsttimen)2 M \(*(secondtimen)(^28.))2  1\(*(thirdtimen)5(^216.))2 1 c\(*(fourthtimen)(^224.)))))2 c %6-Jan-8814:542  F%NIL2 F 5O13.6)UPTIME-HostUptimeServ~er2 2  uKO SomehostsproRvidetheUPTIMEservice,whichallowsotherhoststoquerythe2 u +Kamoun~toftimesincetheybootedup.Themethodofobtainingaremotehost's2 + aKuptimeissimilartotheTIMEexampleabRov~e."LambdasreturnanUPTIME2 a KexpressedininRternalclockunitsof1/60'thofasecond,sotheanswerfrom2  MKUPTIMEmRustbedividedby60toprovideaninterv}alinseconds.2 M ?KThefolloRwingexampleprintstheuptimereceived fromtheLambdahost\MAS-2 ? uKTER":2 u !%O (time:print-interval-or-never2 ! SY(quotient2 S (let((timen(lisp:map'list'char-int2  7J(chaos:pkt-string2 7 h~(chaos:simple"MASTER""UPTIME")))))2 h B(+(firsttimen)2  L(*(secondtimen)(^28.))2 L2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91132 O2 O2  w @&O (*(thirdtimen)4(^216.))2 @ r&(*(fourthtimen)(^224.))))2 r $$60.))2 $ V;4weeks1day5hours14minutes22seconds2 V ;NIL2  DKO13.7)HOSTyAB-HostInformationServ~er2 D2 D 6aO TheHOST|ABservRerprovidestablesofhostinformation.2 6 (aTR|ouseHOSTAB,theuserconnectstotheremoteserver,initiatesaqueryfor2 ( ^aeacRhhostofinterest,andthenclosestheconnection."Eachqueryisinitiated2 ^ abRytheusertransmittingahostnamefollowedbyacarriagereturn.Theserver2  JarespRondswithinformationaboutthathost,terminatedwithanEOF,andis2 J athenreadyforanothertransaction.2  raEacRh line of text returned by the server consists of a host attribute name followed2 r (abRythev}alueoftheattribute,separatedbyaspace.V|aluesmaybestrings(free2 ( ^aofreturncRharactersandO notO surroundedbyquotes)ornumbers(bydefault,2 ^ aoRctal).Attributenamesandmostv}aluesareinuppercase.Therecanbemore2  Jathanonev}alueforeacRhattribute;aseparatelinespecifyingeachv}alueforthe2 J aattributeisreturned."F|orexample,ahostmaRyhavemorethanonenameor2  6anetw~orkaddress.2 6 (aThe most useful attribute names are as folloRws.(Note that hosts may implement2 ( ^aotherattributes.)2 ^ r&O2 rYO ERROR-Thev}alueisanerrormessage.2 r =&O2 =YO NAMER-Thev~alueisanameofthehost.The rstNAMElinereceiv~ed2 = sYindicatestheocialname,andanRyothersarenicknames.2 s >&O2 >YO MARCHINE-TYPE-Thev}alueisthetypeofmachine,suchasLISPM,2 > tYPDP-10,NU,etc.2 t ?&O2 ?YO SYSTEM-TYPE-Thev}alueisthetRypeofsoftwarerunningonthema-2 ? uYchine,RsuchasLISPM,UNIX,etc.2 u @&O2 @YO ARP|A-Thev}alueisanaddressofthehostontheArpanet,intheform2 @ vYOhost/impO .TheRtw~on~umbersaredecimal.2 v A&O2 AYO CHA~OS-Thev}alueisanaddressofthehostonChaosnet(octal).2 A &O2 YO INTERNET-Thev}alueisanaddressofthehostonalocalInternet2 CY(dotted-decimal).2 C AaThe folloRwing example printsthe HOST|ABinformationforthe host \MY-VzAX"2 A waasknoRwntothehost\MASTER".Notethatwiththestreamsinterface,itis2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1149Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @Knotpossibletorequestinformationonmorethanonehost,sincethestreamis2 @ vKcloseduponreceiptofthe rstEOF.2 v "%O (with-open-stream(server(chaos:open-stream"MASTER""HOSTAB"))2 " TY(write-line"MY-VAX"server)2 T Y(sendserver:force-output)2  8Y(stream-copy-until-eofserverstandard-output))2 8 j%NAMEMY-VAX2 j %NAMEMYVAX2  M%NAMEVAX2 M %MACHINE-TYPEVAX2  1%SYSTEM-TYPEVMS2 1 c%INTERNET101.0.0.102 c F%NIL2 F2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91152 O2 O2  w  s;O142 s INet~w}ork!Programming!Txopics2 I2  JKO14.1)HostObjects-BriefOv}erview2 J2 J <aO InkReepingwiththeFlavorsobject-orientedprogrammingmethodology|,thecon-2 < raceptofa\hostobjectt~ypRe"isspeci edbythemethodssuc~hobjectso er.2 r daHostobjectshaveRtwomajorpurposes.First,theyidentifya\ lecomputer"(a2 d aremotehost,Raccessibleonthenet~work,thathas les)touseinsideapathname.2  PaSecond,theyservRetoimplementnameandaddressmappingonnetworks.2 P BaNotethathost avorsneednot corresponddirectlytopathname a~vors;indeed,2 B xatheRhierarc~hyofpathname avorsiscompletelyseparatefromhost a~v~ors.The2 x .arelationshipistw~o-way:eac~hhosttypReo ersoperationsrelatedtopathname2 . daparsing via instances of a designated pathname type;and of course,a host object2 d aispartofmostnetw~orkpathnameinstances.  O1] 2   aO TheR av~orO SI:BASIC-HOSTO isincludedinhostobjectsofalltypes.2  ~a\P~athnamehosts"arehostobjectsthatcanbRespeci edwithinpathnames.A2 ~ 3asubsetof thesearethe \net~workR hosts",whic~hcorrespondtoph~ysicalentitieson2 3 iatheRnetw~ork.The avorO SI:HOSTO isincludedinthede nitionofnet~workhost2 i atypes.2  aThereareothertypResofpathnamehoststhatpointtodevicesorapplication-2  Gaspeci c objects.The av~or O si:shared-device-pathname O is included in the de nition2 GK !AX AS 2O1} A} AO Thecommen~tsinthesystemsource leO "O SYS:IO;FILE;P|A{THNMO "O describeinmore} A wdetailhoRwpathnameparsinginteractswithhostobjects.} w2 w [[U2  O5O 1169Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KofdevicesthatmaRybesharedbymultipleprocessors.2 @ 2KThefolloRwingareexamplesofextendedpathnamehosttypes:2 2 ^%O (pathname"ed:foo.lisp")7;AZMacseditorbuffer2 ^ %(pathname"unix-stream-1:")i;LISP/Unixextendedstream#12  B%(pathname"sdu-serial-b:");SerialportB2 B @KO AdditionalinformationonhosttRypesisprovidedintheO LISPMachineManualO .2 @ y5O14.1.1"ObtainingaHostObject2 y2 y kKO KnownRnet~workhostsarekeptonalist,O si:host-alistO .T{oobtainthehostobject2 k !Kcorrespondingtoaparticularnetworkhostbyname,useO si:parse-hostO .2 ! KT|oobtainthehostobjectforanykindofpathnamehost,useO fs:get-pathname-2  IKhostO .2 I TF|unction2 T2 TKO si:parse-hostOhost&optional(no-error-pnil)(unknown-ok2 T  t)2  @`O ReturnahostobjectfornameOhostO ,takenfromtheO si:host-alistO .2 @ 1`OhostO canalsobeahostobjectalready;thenit'ssimplyreturned.%Ono-2 1 g`error-pO saRysjustreturnO NILO ifthereisnosuchhostknown.2 g r"V|ariable2 r2 rKO si:host-alist2 r (`O Anassociationlist,Rindexedbyprimaryhostname,containingthehost2 ( ^`objectandotherrelev}anRtinformation(mostofwhichcanbeobtained2 ^ `fromthehostobjectitself).2  F|unction2 2 KO fs:get-pathname-hostOhost-name&optional(no-error-p2  Unil)(unknown-oknil)2 U `O Parseahostforuseinapathname.Ohost-nameO canbeahostobjectora2 A`hostname.IfOno-error-pO isnon-NIL,wRereturnNILifgivenanunde ned2 A w`hostname.2 w "V|ariable2 2 KO fs:*pathname-host-list*2  8`O Thelistofestablishedpathnamehostobjects.2 82 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91172 O2 O2  w @KO14.1.2"HostObjectMethods2 @2 @ 2aO Hereisabriefsummaryofthemostuseful a~v~ormethodsimplemenRtedby2 2 hanetw~orkhosttypes.2 h ZaThefolloRwingmethodsreturninformationthatisusefultodevelopers:2 Z maO :NAME2 m2 mQO Returnstheocialhostname.2 m 7aO :SHORT-NAME2 72 72 7 mQO Returnstheshortesthostname.Used,Rforexample,onthewho-line2 m #Q lesummary|.2 # maO :STRING-FOR-PRINTING2 m2 m2 m #QO Generally the same as the ocial name, but this methoRd may be mod-2 # XQi edtopRerformspecialtransformations.$Used,Rforexample,when2 X Qprin~tingpathnames.2  XaO :HOST-NAMES2 X2 X2 X QO ReturnsthelistofallnamesbRywhichthishostisknown.2  XaO :SYSTEM-TYPE2 X2 X2 X a:FILE-SYSTEM-TYPE2 2 2  Da:MACHINE-TYPE2 D2 D2 D QO ThesemethoRdsreturntherespectiv~ehostattributeasspeci edto2  DQO si:de ne-hostO .2 D aO :PRIMARY-DEVICE2 2 2  DQO Returnsthedefaultdeviceforthehost,asspeci edbythe:HOST-2 D zQDEF{AUL|T-DEVICE-ALISTsiteoption.2 z yaThefolloRwingmethodsreturnassignednetworkaddresses:2 y  aO :NETW~ORK-ADDRESSES2  2  2  AQO Returnsthelistofde nednetw~orkaddresses;thisisapropert~y-list2 A wQwith alternating pairs of netw~ork protocol keywords and address lists.2 w AaO :NETW~ORK-ADDRESSO 2 A2 A2 A wQO Returnstheprimaryaddressforthespeci edNETWORKkeyword.2 w AaO :CHAOS-ADDRESS2 A2 A2 A wQO ReturnstheprimaryChaosaddressforthishost.2 w AaO :CHAOS-ADDRESSES2 A2 A2 A wQO ReturnsthelistofChaosaddressesforthishost.2 w AaO :INTERNET-ADDRESS2 A2 A2 A wQO ReturntheprimaryInternetaddressforthishost.2 w AaO :INTERNET-ADDRESSES2 A2 A2 A wQO ReturnsthelistofassignedInternetaddressesforthishost.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1189Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @KO :NETW~ORK-TYPE2 @2 @2 @ v;O Returnsthe rstnetworkRkeywordofthehost'snetwork-addresses.2 v @KO :NETW~ORK-TYPEPO 2 @2 @2 @ v;O Apredicatefordeterminingwhetherthehosthasanaddressforthe2 v ,;speci ednetw~ork.2 , vKO :UNP|ARSED-NETWORK-ADDRESSO 2 v2 v2 v ,;O Returnstheunparsedprimaryaddressforthespeci ednetwork.2 , vKO :UNP|ARSED-NETWORK-ADDRESSESO 2 v2 v2 v ,;O Returnsthelistofunparsedaddressesforthespeci ednetw~ork.2 , *KThefollowingare le-relatedmethoRdssupportedbRynetworkhosttypes:2 * =KO :CLOSE-ALL-FILES2 =2 =2 = s;O Closeallopen lestreamsconnectedtothehost.2 s =KO :OPEN-STREAMS2 =2 =2 = r;O Returnsthelistofopenstreamsconnectedtothehost.2 r <KO :SAMPLE-P|A|THNAME2 <2 <2 < r;O Returnsasamplepathnameobject.-Thispathnameisusedasa2 r (;templateforpathnamestothishost;thecomponen~tsarenot lled2 ( ^;in,exceptforthehostitself.2 ^ %5O14.2)ObtainingHostAddresses2 %2 % KO ThefolloRwingfunctionsareprovidedforprogrammingwithnetworkaddresses.2  (F|unction2 (2 (KO ip:parse-in~ternet-addressOaddress2 ( ^`O PRarsesO addressO intoanumeric Internetaddress.O addressO canbea number,2 ^ `astring,Rasymbol,orahostobject.Symbolsandstringsareparsedfor2  J`dotteddecimalornRumericformat.Givenahostobject,its rstInternet2 J `addressisreturned(an~um~ber),orNIL.2 r`Thesecondv}aluereturned,ifnon-NIL,isahostobjectcorrespondingto2 r (`thegivenO addressO .2 ( :F|unction2 :2 :KO chaos:address-parseOaddress2 : p`O CoercetheargumenRtintoachaosnetaddress."Theargumentcanbea2 p &`hostname,ahostobject,oranaddress.2 & `Thesecondv}aluereturned,ifnon-NIL,isahostobjectcorrespondingto2  N`thegivenO addressO .2 N2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91192 O2 O2  w @-F|unction2 @2 @aO net:parse-addressOaddressRnet~work-t~ype&optional(start2 @ v10)end2 v ,vO GivRenastring,parseitforanaddressforO network-typeO ,akeyword2 , bv(:CHAOSor:INTERNET).2 b m-F|unction2 m2 maO net:unparse-addressOaddressnetw~ork-type2 m #vO ReturntheunparsedformofagivRennetworkO addressO fortheappropriate2 # Yvnet~workindicatedbRyO network-typeO (:CHAOSor:INTERNET).Thisis2 Y vuseful, forR example, whenprintinganaddressobtainedfromahostobject.2  vChaosaddressesaretranslatedinRtoastringrepresentationoftheoctal2  7vnumber.2 7 )vInRternetaddressesaretranslatedintodotted-decimalstrings.2 ) oKO14.3)LocalHostVyariables2 o2 o aaO Severalv}ariablesholdinformationrelatedtothelocalhost.2 a l8V|ariable2 l2 laO si:local-host2 l "vO Thehostobjectforthismachine(theonethatisrunning).2 " -8V|ariable2 -2 -aO si:local-host-name2 - cvO Thefullnameofthismachineasahost.2 c n8V|ariable2 n2 naO si:local-pretty-host-name2 n $vO AprettRyformofthenameofthismachine.2 $ /8V|ariable2 /2 /aO si:local- nger-location2 / evO Astringindicatingwherethismachineislocated.Locationsarestored2 e vinthe leO "O SYS:SITE;LMLOCSLISPO "O .2  &8V|ariable2 &2 &aO si:local- oor-location2 & \vO F|orhistoricalpurpRoses,alistofbuilding-nameand oorn~umberwhere2 \ vthismacRhineislocated.Actually{,anyloRcationstringcanbespeci edin2  GvO "O SYS:site;LMLOCS.LISPO "O .2 G R8V|ariable2 R2 RaO si:associated-mac~hine2 R vO Defaultmac~hineforlocatinglogindirectories(ahostobject).Theasso-2  >vciatedmacRhineisassignedforeachhostinLMLOCS.2 >2 w [[U2  O5O 1209Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5O14.4)Comm~unicationsStreams2 @2 @ 2KO CommRunicationsstreamsprovidetechniquesforwritingprogramsthatmake2 2 hK\directconRtact"withaspeci cnetworkprotocolorserver.Remote lestreams2 h KareopRenedinthenormalw~ay(asdescribedintheO LISPMachineManualO ).2  TKSimplybRyusingaremotehost'spathnameaspartoftheO OPENO formyouuse.2 T FKThematerialinthissectiondescribestheuseofstreamsatalo~werlev~el.Before2 F |Kattemptingtowriteprogramsusingcommunicationsstreams,besuretoread2 | 2Kthe material on streams in OCommonLISP: The LanguageO , and the O LISPMachine2 2 hKManualO .2 h ZKAtRypicalapplicationofthesetechniquesisthedevelopmentofacustomserver2 Z Kprogram,ordevelopmen~tofauserinRterfacetoaworkingserver.2  q5O14.4.1"ChaosnetAccess2 q2 q cKO There are two primary mecRhanisms for of communicating with Chaosnet servers:2 c Kstreams,and\simple"connections.#F|oreacRhservertypRe,thepropermethod2  OKm~ustbReused.Examplesofbothmethodsarepro~videdinChapter13.2 O 05O14.4.1.1#ChaosnetStreams2 02 0 "KO chaos:open-streamRO opensanI/Ostreamconnectiontoa(normallyremote)2 " XKserv~er.2 X mF|unction2 m2 mKO chaos:open-streamOhostconRtact-name&key(window-size2 m #default-window-size)(timeout(*1060))(direction:bidirec-2 # Ytional)(errort)(characterst)ascii-translation)2 Y I:O OpenachaosnetconnectionandreturnanI/Ostream.2 I {:O hostO isthehosttoconnectto;O contact-nameO isthecontactname2 { -:atthathost.2 - _:TheRkeywordargumentsare:2 _ JO :windoRw-sizeO -numberofpacketstoallowintransittothishost2  B:overtheconnection.2 B tKO :timeoutO -hoRwlongtowaitbeforeassumingthehostisdown.2 t &HO :ascii-translation O - if non-NIL,assume thedataon theconnection2 & X:isinASCII2 X andtranslatetoandfromtheLispmacRhinecharactersetas2 ;:appropriate.2 ; mFO :directionO , O :charactersO , O :error O - as in O OPENO ; defaults to O :bidirectionalO .2 m2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91212 O2 O2  w @aTheargumenRtO contact-nameO shouldbeastringwhichcontainstheserver'spro-2 @ vatocolnameaswRellasanyargumentshandledbytheserverontheinitialcon-2 v ,anection.2 , aF{orexample:2  J;O (chaos:open-stream"lambda-host""EVAL"..)2 J |;(chaos:open-stream"unix-host""EVALls-l"..)2 | zaO NoticeRabovethattheLam~bdaEVzALserv~erdoesnottak~eanyarguments,but2 z 0asome Unix EVzAL servRer implementations do take argumentsspecifyingthe com-2 0 famand(s)tobeexecuted.2 f XaTheTIMEOUTargumentonlyappliestotheinitialconnectionattempts;input2 X aopRerationswillhangforev~erifthereisnoinputpendingfromtheremoteserv~er.2  DaF{orthisreason,itcanbRediculttoimplementcomplexI/Otransactionsbe-2 D zatweenauserandservRer.F|ortunately|,mostoftheserverspresentlittlediculty2 z 0ainthisregard.2 0 "aDepRendingonthev}alueoftheopenmodeO :directionO ,thetypicalstreaminput2 " XaopRerations(O :t~yi,:line-inO )and/oroutputoperations(O :tyo,:line-outO )Rma~ybeused2 X aonthereturnedChaosnetconnection.OtherstandardI/Ooperationssuchas2  DaO :closeO arealsode ned.ThRus,standardhigher-levelfunctionsmaybeused,such2 D zaas:2 z  &O2  YO READ2  V&O2 VYO WRITE,PRINT2 V  &O2  YO READLINE,READ-LINE2  j&O2 jYO WRITE-LINE2 j 3&O2 3YO WITH-OPEN-STREAMorCL~OSE2 3 2aSomeRservers,suchasEVzAL,receiveandtransmitinASCIIcharacters;then,2 2 hatheO :ASCII-TRANSLA|TIONO argumenRtmustbRespeci ednon-NIL.Itmaybestill2 h anecessarytoperformsomec~haractertranslation,forexampletotranslateline-2  Taterminatingc~haracters.2 T &KO14.4.1.2#SimpleChaosnetTzransactions2 &2 & aO chaos:simpleO isusedwithservRers(suchasTIME)thatdonotattempttoopen2  Naconnectionsbutmerelyreturnananswertotherequestforconnection.2 N2 w [[U2  O5O 1229Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @F|unction2 @2 @KO chaos:simpleOaddresscon~tact-name&optional(timeout2 @ v600.)2 v ,`O SendamessagetoO contact-nameO atO addressO ,expectingoneANSpack~et2 , b`inreturn.Noconnectionisestablished;iftheotherhosttriestocreate2 b `aconnection,Ritisconsideredanerror.(Ifsuccessful,theANSpack~et2  N`objectisreturned.Otherwise,astringdescribingthereasonsforfailure2 N `isreturned.O timeoutO ishoRwlongtowaitbeforegivingup,in60'thsofa2  :`second.2 : EKNormally|,RaChaosANSpacketisreturnedb~yO chaos:simpleO ,andthepacket's2 E {Kcon~ten~tsRmustbedecomposed.ThefunctionO chaos:pkt-stringO returnsthedata2 { 1Kcon~ten~tsofapac~k~etasastring.2 1 #KF{orexample:2 # O%O (chaos:pkt-string(chaos:simple"IT""UPTIME"))2 O MKO TBD:O extractfromO3.0TCP/IPUser'sGuide2 M2 w [[U2  OSO 1232 O2 O2  w d)OP}art'III2 d n|OAppendices2 n2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1249Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91252 O2 O2  w  h OAppendix!A2 h TBHost/System!T}ypes2 T2  JKOA.1*LISPMacR~hineSystemTypes2 J2 J BKOA.1.1"LISPM-LISPMac~hineHosts2 B2 B 4aO AllMIT-tRypeLISPmachines{Lambdas,CADRs,Explorers,andSymbolics{2 4 jaarede nedasO "O LISPM,LISPMO "O inLambdasite les.2 j UKMac~hinet~ypes:2 U2 UO k~eithO >O release-4O >O le.text.4O "2 w2 w2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1269Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5OA.2*UNIXHosts2 @2 @ 2KO Thishostand le-systemtRypeprovidespathnameparsingfunctionalitycom-2 2 hKpatiblewithmostUniximplemen~tations.,Somecommonextensionsarenot2 h Kimplemented.2  KF{orexample,ApRollopathnamescannotbeconstructedwithreferencestoother2  FKnodesonthenetw~ork.2 F 8KAlso, the standard Unix directory line parser may not function with some remote2 8 nKhosts.WhilemostUnixFTPservRersprovidealistingfromthecommandO "O ls-lO "2 n $KO inaformatthatisgenerallyaccepted,somedonot.2 $ KSee11.1.1.1,UnixP~athnames,forfurtherinformation.2  5Mac~hinet~ypes:2 2 &NU(LamRbda-Plus),V{AX,SUN,APOLLO,2 2 2  8&SGI,MASSCOMP2 82 82 8 n5Hosttype:2 n2 n&FS::UNIX-HOST2 n2 n2 n $5Hasahostmixin:2 $2 $&SI:HOST-UNIX-MIXIN2 $2 $2 $ Z5Parsingdirectories:2 Z2 Z&FS::UNIX-DIRECTOR{Y-LINE-P|ARSER2 Z2 Z2 Z 5Pathname av~or:2 2 &FS::UNIX-P|A{THNAME2 2 2  F5Examplepathname:2 F2 F&O "O LURCH://keith//release-4// le.txO "2 F2 F2 F |5OA.2.1"UNIX-SGIFile-SystemType2 |2 | mKO TheO :UNIX-SGIO le-systemt~ypReshouldbespeci edforSiliconGraphicsUnix2 m #Ksystems.$ThisisproRvidedtoaccomodateaknownexceptiontothestandard2 # YKUnixdirectorylineparsing.2 Y E5Parsingdirectories:2 E2 E&FS::UNIX-SGI-DIRECTOR|Y-LINE-P{ARSER2 E2 E2 E 5OA.3*DECHosts2 2 A5OA.3.1"DECVxAX/VMSHosts2 A2 A 3KO VMSpathnamesfolloRwV|ersion4namingconventions.Namecomponentlength2 3 iKlimitations are not imposed, DevRelopers should take care to transform lenames,2 i KsincemanRycharacterspermittedbytheLambRdawillnotbeacceptabletoVMS.2  5StandardmacRhinetype:2 2 &V{AX2 2 2 A5Hosttype:2 A2 A&FS::VMS-HOST2 A2 A2 A w5Hasahostmixin:2 w2 w&SI:HOST-VMS-MIXIN2 w2 w2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91272 O2 O2  w @KParsingdirectories:2 @2 @O FILE.TEXT.4O "2 M2 M2 M KOA.4*MiscellaneousHosts2 2  qKOA.4.1"ITS-In~teractiv~eTime-SharingHosts2 q2 q ]KO StandardmacRhinetype:2 ]2 ]O k~eithO >O release4O >O le.textO "2 V2 V2 V 3KOA.4.3"TENEXHosts2 32 3 KO StandardmacRhinetype:2 2 O FILE.TEXT;4O "2 w2 w2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1289Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5OA.4.4"LMFILEFile-SystemT~ype2 @2 @ 2KO This lesystemtRypereferstoanobsoletetypeofLISPmachinelocal leaccess.2 2 5Hosttype/ leaccess:2 2 &FS::LMFILE-HOST2 2 2  W5OA.4.5"DEFyAR~ULzTHostType2 W2 W IKO TheO DEF{ARUL|TO hosttypeisprovidedforO ad-ho}cO hostde nition(whennothing2 I Kelsewilldo).!Notethatyoucannotcreatepathnamesforahostwithsystem2  5KtypeDEFzAUL|T.2 5  5StandardmacRhinetype:2  2  &DEF{AUL|T2  2  2  V5Hasahostmixin:2 V2 V&SI::DEFzA~UL|T-SYSTEM-TYPE-MIXIN2 V2 V2 V  5F{orde ninghost:2  2  &SI::DEFzA~UL|T-HOST2  2  2  2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91292 O2 O2  w  vOAppendix!B2 v \VUnix!Comm}unications2 \2  JKOB.1)LamR~bda-PlusUnixNetworkingArchitecture2 J2 J <aO The LamRbda-Plus System 5 Unix software includes an implementation of Chaos-2 < ranetthatnormallyusesaconnectedLISPprocessorasafronRt-endserver.Itis2 r (apossibleforUnixtoconRtrolthe3COMhardwareinterface,andthusaccessthe2 ( ^aphysicalRnet~workdirectly;ho~wever,thisisnotrecommended,sinceitprevents2 ^ atheLISPprocessor(s)fromusingthe3COM.2  aTheUnixutilitiesO hostatO andO cftpO (ChaosnetFileT|ransferProgram)provide2  <afunctionalitRysimilartotheirLISPprogramcounterparts.2 < .aNotethatLambRda-PlusUnixdoesnotsupporttheExcelaninterface,anddoes2 . danotproRvideanyTCP/IPaccess.However,thereisawayforLambda-PlusUnix2 d ahosts to accessTCP/IP indirectly|,using the fronRt-end service of a Lambda LISP2  Pahost.AusercanrunO cftpO toissue letransferrequeststoaremoteChaosnet2 P ahost,RspecifyingaremoteTCPpathname,andtheremoteChaosnethostwill2  ;aforwRardthe leviaChaosnet.Seebelowforanexample.2 ; KOB.2)UnixChaosnetCon guration2 2  UKOB.2.1"UnixChaosnetStartup2 U2 U GaO TheO initO table leO "O /etc/inittabO "O distributedwithSystem5de nesmulti-user2 G }ainitializationsforChaosnet,asfollows:2 }2 w [[U2  O5O 1309Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @%chi1::sysinit:/etc/c~hinitO >O /dev/syscon2O >O &12 @ r%chi2::sysinit:/etc/c~hserv~erRO >O /dev/null2O >O &12 r pKThestartupscriptO /etc/rc2O distributedwithSystem5alsomakResaprovisionfor2 p &KinitializingChaosnet.Itincludesthefollowingcommands:2 & S%O #starttheCHAOSnetserver,ifit'snotalreadyrunning...2 S %ifgrep"chserver$"<$ps>/dev/null2>&1;then:;else2  6v/etc/chserver>/dev/null2>&1;echo"chserver\c"2 6 h%fi2 h fKO ThRuswhenUnixisbootedmulti-user,theO chserverO serverprogramwillenable2 f K letransfer,inRter-processorcommunications,andotherChaosnetservices.2  KIt maRy be necessary to reset Chaosnet and re-initialize the server programs if, for2  DKexample,thehosttablehasbReenmodi ed.ThefolloRwingscriptisnotprovided2 D zKwithSystem5,butitcanbecreatedandruntoresetChaosnet:2 z &%O #!/bin/sh2 & X%##/etc/chreset2 X  %###ResetChaosnet2  n%#Readinprocessstatusinfo2 n Q%ps=/tmp/chreset-ps2 Q %ps-e|grep"chserver$">$ps2  g%#killtheChaosnetserver,ifit'srunning...2 g J%ifgrep"chserver$"<$ps>/dev/null2>&1;then2 J |v(awk'{print"kill",$1}'<$ps)|tee|sh2 | .%else2 . `vecho"Chaosserversnotrunning."2 ` %fi2  u%sleep52 u Y%ps-e|grep"chserver$">$ps2 Y %ifgrep"chserver$"<$ps>/dev/null2>&1;then2 <vecho"Chaosserversrefusedtodie."2 < n%else2 n v/etc/chinit;echo"chinit\c"2 Rv/etc/chserver>/dev/null2>&1;echo"chserver\c"2 R vecho"\nChaosnetreset`date`\n"2  5%fi2 52 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91312 O2 O2  w @;O rm$ps2 @ KOB.2.2"AllocatingtheEthernetIn~terface2 2  aO Asnotedpreviously|,normalChaosnetoperationsin~volveaconnectedLISPpro-2  5acessoractingasaninRtermediaryorfront-endserver.However,shoulditbecome2 5 kanecessary{ for example,ifthe LISP processor is shRut downforanextended time2 k !a{ifa3COMEthernetbRoardisav}ailable,Unixwillallocateitdirectly|.2 ! aDeviceallocationisconRtrolledwiththeutilityprogramO /etc/ckO ,whichdisplays2  IaormoRdi esthestatusofdevicessharedbet~weenLISPandUnixprocessors.2 I ;aF{orexample,thecommandO /etc/ck-aO displaRysthestatusofeachshareddevice.2 ; qaThedevice\Ethernet"referstothe3COMboard,whichisnormallylistedas2 q 'a\o~wnedRbylambdainslot0".2 ' aThecommandO /etc/ck-fethernetOfreesO the3COMboardforusebyanother2  Oaprocessor.2 O AaThecommandO /etc/ck-tethernetOstealsO the3COMboardawa~yfromitsowner2 A wasothatUnixmaRyallocateit.Atthispoint,resettingtheChaosnetsoftware(see2 w -aabo~v~e)willcauseChaosnettousethehardwRaredirectly|,thusaccessingremote2 - caChaosnethostsonthephRysicalnetwork.2 c UaThecorrectproRceduretopassthe3COMboardfromLISPtoUnixisasfollows:2 U ;O InLISP-2  e;(setqsi:dont-use-3comt)2 e ;(si:set-processor-owning-ethernet:give-up:3com)2  H;(net:configure)2 H ,;InUnix-2 , ^;/etc/ck-tethernet2 ^ \aO W{arning:O thisshouldneverbRedonewhenaLISPprocessorisoperatingwith2 \ athe3COMinterface.2  OKOB.3)UnixRNet}w~orkingOperations2 O2 O AaO TheinformationinthissectionistakRenfrommanualpagesintheUnixdocu-2 A wamentationset.2 w2 w [[U2  O5O 1329Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @5OB.3.1"Hostat2 @2 @ 2KO Synopsis:2 2 ^%O hostat[hosts]2 ^ ]KO Description:2 ] OKHostat repRorts on the status of Chaosnet hosts.Zero or more host names may be2 O Ksuppliedonthecommandline.Ifnohostnamesaresupplied,allhostspresent2  ;Kinthebinaryhost-table/etc/hostbinarepolledforstatus.2 ; -KThefolloRwingitemsarereported(numbRersarereportedindecimalunlessindi-2 - cKcated otherwise):hostname,Roctal host address,oRctal subnet n~um~ber,number of2 c Kpac~k~etsRreceiv~edandtransmitted,numberofpac~k~etsabortedandlost,n~um~ber2  NKofR pac~k~etshavingin~v}alidchecksums,n~umberofpac~k~etsha~vinganinv}alidlength,2 N KandRn~umberofpack~etsrejectedforlac~kofsystembu erspace.2  vKIfahostdoResnotrespondwithinatimeoutperiod(about15seconds),hostat2 v ,KskipsitandgoResontothenexthost.Theusermaycauseahosttobeskipped2 , bKbReforethetimeoutperiodexpiresbRytypingtheinterruptcharacterontheter-2 b Kminal.)Tw~oRin~terruptcharacterstypedinrapidsuccessionwillaborthostat2  NKen~tirely{.2 N @KExample:2 @ l%O%hostatit2 l %LMI-COUSIN-IT(03741):CousinIt2  P%subnetrcvdxmtdabrtWlostWcrc1Wcrc2WlengWrej2 P %7R224615m228555m33000002  4%%2 4 5OB.3.2"CFTP-ChaosnetFileTzransferProgram2 2  wKO TheUnixO cftpO programproRvidesfunctionalityanalogoustotheTCP/FTPcom-2 w -KmandO ftp:ftpO (seepage95).ThisistheonlystandardmethodinUnixforcopy-2 - cKing,forRexample, lesfromaLambdaLISPsystemintoaUnix lesystem.(In2 c KLISP|,manRymethodsforcopyingLISP lesovertoaUnixsystemareav}ailable:2  OKO fs:copy- leO ,ZMacs,etc.)2 O AKThe proRcedure for using O cftp O in~v~olves opening a connection to a remote Chaosnet2 A wKhostandsendingit letransferand/orstatusrequests.Theremotehostnor-2 w2 w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91332 O2 O2  w @amallyparsesthepathnamesitreceivReswithrespecttoitsownparsingschemes.2 @ vaThis pro~vides one useful feature:a Unix usercantransfer lesfrom remote TCP2 v ,ahostsviaaChaosnethost.2 , aF{orexample,iftheconnectedLISPmachinehostisO MYHOSTO ,andthereisa2  TaremoteRTCP/IPV{AXhostO MY-VyAXO ,thefollowingprocedurecouldbeused2 T  atotransfera lefromtheVzAXtothelocalUnixhost:2  6;O %Ocftpm~yhost2 6 h;O cftp>Ogetmy-v}ax:[keith]login.com2 h ;O LoginID:Ok~eith2  L;O Password:2 L };Tolocalfile:O/tmp/login.com2 } /;O OPEN2505/07/8711:52:001536NIL2 / a;VAX:USER_DISK:[USERS.KEITH]LOGIN.COM;252 a E;1213bytesin1seconds=1.18457Kbitspersecond2 E v;cftp>Oquit2 v (;O %2 ( 'aO T|oreviewthedocumenRtationoneachcommand,executeO mancftpO .2 '2 w [[U2  O5O 1349Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w [[U2  OKO Lam~bdaRNetw~orkingGuide91352 O2 O2  w  X .$OConcept!Index2 .2  g ?KOA2 ? yKOaborting hung connections2 y.J y&.p y' . y&.= y&.c y'. y&.0 y' .W y&.} y&.# y2292 y +Karchitecture2 +1.c +'. +&.0 +' .W +&.} +&.# +'.J +&.p +' . +&.= +&.c +'. +&.0 +' .W +&.} +-7, 352 + ]Kassociated machine2 ]% .W ]&.} ]&.# ]'.J ]&.p ]' . ]&.= ]&.c ]'. ]&.0 ]' .W ]&.} ]&.# ]2532 ] 6KOB2 6 pKOBerkeley 4.2 Unix2 p~.0 p' .W p&.} p&.# p'.J p&.p p' . p&.= p&.c p'. p&.0 p' .W p&.} p&.# p2592 p "KBerkeley IP broadcasting method2 " .= "&.c "'. "&.0 "' .W "&.} "&.# "2592 " TKboot order2 T .= T&.c T'. T&.0 T' .W T&.} T&.# T'.J T&.p T' . T&.= T&.c T'. T&.0 T' .W T&.} T&.# TE92 T Kbug mail2 e . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2622  iKOC2 i $KOChaosnet mail servers2 $K.} $&.# $'.J $&.p $' . $&.= $&.c $'. $&.0 $' .W $&.} $&.# $2622 $ }KOD2 } 7KOdirectory line parsing2 7K.} 7&.# 7'.J 7&.p 7' . 7&.= 7&.c 7'. 7&.0 7' .W 7&.} 7&.# 72502 7 iKdisk unit2 ie . i&.= i&.c i'. i&.0 i' .W i&.} i&.# i'.J i&.p i' . i&.= i&.c i'. i&.0 i' .W i&.} i&.# i2922 i Kdisk-sa~ve2 e . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2742  tKOF2 t .KO le access methods2 .% .W .&.} .&.# .'.J .&.p .' . .&.= .&.c .'. .&.0 .' .W .&.} .&.# .2802 . `K le access paths2 `X. `&.0 `' .W `&.} `&.# `'.J `&.p `' . `&.= `&.c `'. `&.0 `' .W `&.} `&.# `2312 ` K le system type2 X. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2502  CK le system types2 C~.0 C' .W C&.} C&.# C'.J C&.p C' . C&.= C&.c C'. C&.0 C' .W C&.} C&.# C2612 C uKfronRt-end TCP Chaos server2 u>.p u' . u&.= u&.c u'. u&.0 u<7, 19, 322 u YKOH2 Y KOhardware initialization2 K.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# 2242  EKhost arguments2 EX. E&.0 E' .W E&.} E&.# E'.J E&.p E' . E&.= E&.c E'. E&.0 E' .W E&.} E&.# E2952 E wKhost object2 w .= w&.c w'. w&.0 w' .W w&.} w&.# w'.J w&.p w' . w&.= w&.c w'. w&.0 w' .W w&.} w&.# w2502 w [KOI2 [ KOImagen printer2 X. &.0 ' .W &.} &.# '.J &.p ' . &.= &.c '. &.0 ' .W -28, 1002  GKImpress format2 GX. G&.0 G' .W G&.} G&.# G'.J G&.p G' . G&.= G&.c G'. 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M2.K M2.} M2./ M2.a M2. M1.D M2.v M2.( M2.Z M2. M1.= M2.o M2.! M2.S M2. M1.6 MR382 M 59.Con gurationProcedures.o 1. 2.R 2. 2.6 2.h 1. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 R432  Lg9.1SiteFileOv~erview. L2.= L2.o L1. L2.R L2. L2.6 L2.h L1. L2.K L2.} L2./ L2.a L2. L1.D L2.v L2.( L2.Z L2. L1.= L2.o L2.! L2.S L2. L1.6 LR432 L g9.2De ningNetworkHosts-HOSTS.TEXT.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 R442  89.2.1F|ormatofHOSTS.TEXT. 82.6 82.h 81. 82.K 82.} 82./ 82.a 82. 81.D 82.v 82.( 82.Z 82. 81.= 82.o 82.! 82.S 82. 81.6 8R442 8 n9.2.2HostAddresses..= n2.o n1. n2.R n2. n2.6 n2.h n1. n2.K n2.} n2./ n2.a n2. n1.D n2.v n2.( n2.Z n2. n1.= n2.o n2.! n2.S n2. n1.6 nR472 n $J9.2.2.1In~ternetAddresses!.R $2. $2.6 $2.h $1. $2.K $2.} $2./ $2.a $2. $1.D $2.v $2.( $2.Z $2. $1.= $2.o $2.! $2.S $2. $1.6 $R482 $ ZJ9.2.2.2ChaosAddresses. Z2.R Z2. Z2.6 Z2.h Z1. Z2.K Z2.} Z2./ Z2.a Z2. Z1.D Z2.v Z2.( Z2.Z Z2. Z1.= Z2.o Z2.! Z2.S Z2. 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T1.6 TR572 T  9.3.4CustomHostInitializations.6  2.h  1.  2.K  2.}  2./  2.a  2.  1.D  2.v  2.(  2.Z  2.  1.=  2.o  2.!  2.S  2.  1.6  R582  @9.3.5SystemTimeServices. @2.R @2. @2.6 @2.h @1. @2.K @2.} @2./ @2.a @2. @1.D @2.v @2.( @2.Z @2. @1.= @2.o @2.! @2.S @2. @1.6 @R592 @ v9.3.6ChaosnetOptions'.o v1. v2.R v2. v2.6 v2.h v1. v2.K v2.} v2./ v2.a v2. v1.D v2.v v2.( v2.Z v2. v1.= v2.o v2.! v2.S v2. v1.6 vR592 v ,9.3.7TCP/IPOptions.= ,2.o ,1. ,2.R ,2. ,2.6 ,2.h ,1. ,2.K ,2.} ,2./ ,2.a ,2. ,1.D ,2.v ,2.( ,2.Z ,2. ,1.= ,2.o ,2.! ,2.S ,2. ,1.6 ,R612 , b9.3.8Prin~terOptions$.= b2.o b1. b2.R b2. b2.6 b2.h b1. b2.K b2.} b2./ b2.a b2. b1.D b2.v b2.( b2.Z b2. b1.= b2.o b2.! b2.S b2. b1.6 bR612 b 9.3.9De ningF|oreignSystems. 2.6 2.h 1. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 R632  N9.3.10MailOptions. N2.= N2.o N1. N2.R N2. N2.6 N2.h N1. N2.K N2.} N2./ N2.a N2. N1.D N2.v N2.( N2.Z N2. N1.= N2.o N2.! N2.S N2. N1.6 NR642 N g9.4UpdatingSiteFiles-.= 2.o 1. 2.R 2. 2.6 2.h 1. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 R652  99.4.1GettingStarted$.= 92.o 91. 92.R 92. 92.6 92.h 91. 92.K 92.} 92./ 92.a 92. 91.D 92.v 92.( 92.Z 92. 91.= 92.o 92.! 92.S 92. 91.6 9R652 9 oJ9.4.1.1SettingtheSYSHost-inLISP.K o2.} o2./ o2.a o2. o1.D o2.v o2.( o2.Z o2. o1.= o2.o o2.! o2.S o2. o1.6 oR662 o %J9.4.1.2SettingtheSYSHost-inSYS.TRANSLA|TIONS.Z %2. %1.= %2.o %2.! %2.S %2. %1.6 %R672 % [9.4.2UsingtheSampleSiteFiles.6 [2.h [1. [2.K [2.} [2./ [2.a [2. [1.D [2.v [2.( [2.Z [2. [1.= [2.o [2.! [2.S [2. [1.6 [R682 [ 9.4.3UsingPreviouslyEstablishedSiteFiles./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 R682  G9.4.4V|erifyingAccesstoSiteFiles+.h G1. G2.K G2.} G2./ G2.a G2. G1.D G2.v G2.( G2.Z G2. G1.= G2.o G2.! G2.S G2. G1.6 GR702 G }9.4.5CopyingSiteFilestoaNewDirectory*./ }2.a }2. }1.D }2.v }2.( }2.Z }2. }1.= }2.o }2.! }2.S }2. }1.6 }R702 } 39.4.6EditingSiteFiles2.o 31. 32.R 32. 32.6 32.h 31. 32.K 32.} 32./ 32.a 32. 31.D 32.v 32.( 32.Z 32. 31.= 32.o 32.! 32.S 32. 31.6 3R712 3 i9.4.7RecompilingSiteFiles).R i2. i2.6 i2.h i1. i2.K i2.} i2./ i2.a i2. i1.D i2.v i2.( i2.Z i2. i1.= i2.o i2.! i2.S i2. i1.6 iR722 i 9.4.8UpdateSiteCon gurationInfo1. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 R722  Ug9.5UpdatingSiteFiles-Summary#.6 U2.h U1. U2.K U2.} U2./ U2.a U2. U1.D U2.v U2.( U2.Z U2. U1.= U2.o U2.! U2.S U2. U1.6 UR732 U 9.5.1SavingaBandwithSiteInformation.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 R742 AJ9.5.1.1RSa~v~eanUpdatedBandtoDisk .K A2.} A2./ A2.a A2. A1.D A2.v A2.( A2.Z A2. A1.= A2.o A2.! A2.S A2. 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N1.L NR852 N }10.4PReekDisplay .= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 2.h 2. 2.L 2.~ 1./ 2.a 2. 2.E 2.w 2.) 1.Z 2. 2.> 2.p 2." 1.S 2. 2.7 2.i 2. 1.L R872  :/10.4.1RNetworkDisplay*. :1.6 :2.h :2. :2.L :2.~ :1./ :2.a :2. :2.E :2.w :2.) :1.Z :2. :2.> :2.p :2." :1.S :2. :2.7 :2.i :2. :1.L :R872 : p/10.4.2HostatDispla~y.S p2. p1.6 p2.h p2. p2.L p2.~ p1./ p2.a p2. p2.E p2.w p2.) p1.Z p2. p2.> p2.p p2." p1.S p2. p2.7 p2.i p2. p1.L pR882 p &/10.4.3ChaosnetDisplay. &1.6 &2.h &2. &2.L &2.~ &1./ &2.a &2. &2.E &2.w &2.) &1.Z &2. &2.> &2.p &2." &1.S &2. &2.7 &2.i &2. &1.L &R882 & \}10.5MessagesandErrors+. \1.6 \2.h \2. \2.L \2.~ \1./ \2.a \2. \2.E \2.w \2.) \1.Z \2. \2.> \2.p \2." \1.S \2. \2.7 \2.i \2. \1.L \R882 \ .K11.GenericRNetw~orkingApplications'.L .2.~ .1./ .2.a .2. .2.E .2.w .2.) .1.Z .2. .2.> .2.p .2." .1.S .2. .2.7 .2.i .2. .1.L .R912 . d}11.1FileAccess. d1.= d2.o d2.! d2.S d2. d1.6 d2.h d2. d2.L d2.~ d1./ d2.a d2. d2.E d2.w d2.) d1.Z d2. d2.> d2.p d2." d1.S d2. d2.7 d2.i d2. d1.L dR912 d /11.1.1PRathnameTypes#. 1.6 2.h 2. 2.L 2.~ 1./ 2.a 2. 2.E 2.w 2.) 1.Z 2. 2.> 2.p 2." 1.S 2. 2.7 2.i 2. 1.L R922  P`11.1.1.1UnixP~athnames.6 P2.h P2. 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M1.L M91122 M }13.7HOST|AB-HostInformationServer./ 2.a 2. 2.E 2.w 2.) 1.Z 2. 2.> 2.p 2." 1.S 2. 2.7 2.i 2. 1.L 91132  UK14.Net~workProgrammingT|opics.h U2. U2.L U2.~ U1./ U2.a U2. U2.E U2.w U2.) U1.Z U2. U2.> U2.p U2." U1.S U2. U2.7 U2.i U2. U1.L U91152 U }14.1HostObjects-BriefOverview!.L 2.~ 1./ 2.a 2. 2.E 2.w 2.) 1.Z 2. 2.> 2.p 2." 1.S 2. 2.7 2.i 2. 1.L 91152 A/14.1.1ObtainingaHostObject. A2.L A2.~ A1./ A2.a A2. A2.E A2.w A2.) A1.Z A2. A2.> A2.p A2." A1.S A2. A2.7 A2.i A2. A1.L A91162 A w/14.1.2HostObjectMethods#.h w2. w2.L w2.~ w1./ w2.a w2. w2.E w2.w w2.) w1.Z w2. w2.> w2.p w2." w1.S w2. w2.7 w2.i w2. w1.L w91172 w2 w [[U2  O5O vi\Lam~bdaRNetworkingGuide2 O2 O2  w @g14.2ObtainingHostAddresses.R @2. @2.6 @2.h @1. @2.K @2.} @2./ @2.a @2. @1.D @2.v @2.( @2.Z @2. @1.= @2.o @2.! @2.S @2. @1.6 @91182 @ vg14.3LocalHostV|ariables(.o v1. v2.R v2. v2.6 v2.h v1. v2.K v2.} v2./ v2.a v2. v1.D v2.v v2.( v2.Z v2. v1.= v2.o v2.! v2.S v2. v1.6 v91192 v ,g14.4Comm~unicationsStreams$.R ,2. ,2.6 ,2.h ,1. ,2.K ,2.} ,2./ ,2.a ,2. ,1.D ,2.v ,2.( ,2.Z ,2. ,1.= ,2.o ,2.! ,2.S ,2. ,1.6 ,91202 , b14.4.1ChaosnetAccess*.o b1. b2.R b2. b2.6 b2.h b1. b2.K b2.} b2./ b2.a b2. b1.D b2.v b2.( b2.Z b2. b1.= b2.o b2.! b2.S b2. b1.6 b91202 b J14.4.1.1ChaosnetStreams.R 2. 2.6 2.h 1. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 91202  NJ14.4.1.2SimpleChaosnetT|ransactions.K N2.} N2./ N2.a N2. N1.D N2.v N2.( N2.Z N2. N1.= N2.o N2.! N2.S N2. N1.6 N91212 N 5O PartIII:Appendices O . 2.= 2.o 1. 2.R 2. 2.6 2.h 1. 2.K 2.} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 91232  l5AppRendixA.Host/SystemT~ypes.R l2. l2.6 l2.h l1. l2.K l2.} l2./ l2.a l2. l1.D l2.v l2.( l2.Z l2. l1.= l2.o l2.! l2.S l2. l1.6 l91252 l "gA.1LISPMacRhineSystemTypes. "2.6 "2.h "1. "2.K "2.} "2./ "2.a "2. "1.D "2.v "2.( "2.Z "2. "1.= "2.o "2.! "2.S "2. "1.6 "91252 " XA.1.1LISPM-LISPMachineHosts .h X1. X2.K X2.} X2./ X2.a X2. X1.D X2.v X2.( X2.Z X2. X1.= X2.o X2.! X2.S X2. X1.6 X91252 X A.1.2LMFS-SymRbolicsFile-SystemType .} 2./ 2.a 2. 1.D 2.v 2.( 2.Z 2. 1.= 2.o 2.! 2.S 2. 1.6 91252  DgA.2UNIXHosts&.' D2.Y D2. D2.= D2.o D1. D2.R D2. D2.6 D2.h D1. D2.K D2.} D2./ D2.a D2. D1.D D2.v D2.( D2.Z D2. D1.= D2.o D2.! D2.S D2. 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